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NGHIEN CUU -TKAUOUi NGHIEN cufu, THIET KE VA CHE TAG LO K H I HOA VO TRAU HOAT OONG LIEN TUG RESEARCH, DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE GASIFIER FOR CONTINUOUS GASIFICATION OF RICE HUSKS Nguyin Dinh Tilng, Nguyen Van Thanh Vidn Nghien ciiu Thidt kd Chd tao may Ndng nghiep - RIAM (Bo Cdng Thuong) TOM TAT Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy kit qud nghiin cim thiit ki, chi tgo vd khdo nghiem Id hda lienltl/e vd trdu tgi Viin Nghiin cim Thiit ki Chi tgo mdy Ndng nghigp, di sii dung ndng lugng nhiit duili,cho sdy ndng sdn (Iua ngd, ) Kit qud thuc nghiem cho thdy luang nhiin lieu cung cdp 12 -15 kg/h, luu luvng gio cung cdp 195-200m'/h, cuong dd nggn Ilia ldn (1,4 - 1,8m), nhiit do duac dia ngon lia ddt chdy gas tgo cua Id hda tii 550 - 650" C, ti li tro khodng 27-30% Tir khda: Ld hda, hda vo trdu, qud trinh hda lien tuc, sdy ndng sdn ABSTRACT This article representatives the resulting that resarch is designed, manufactured and experim ofgasifierfor continuous gasification of rice husks at Vietnam Research Institute Agricultural Machi - RIAM to use thermal energy for drying agricultural produce (rice, maize) The experimental resul show that the fuel supply 12-15 kg/h, air flow supply I95-200m^/h, Flame intensity (1,4 -1,8 m), flam measurable temperature when gasification furnace generation gasfiringfrom 550 to 650° C, percent of ash approximately 27-30% Keywords: Gasifier, rice husks gasification, continuous gasification process, drying agricu tural produce TAP CHi CO KHI VI£T NAM *t* Sd 10 (Thing 10 aim 2012) NGHIEN C U T U - T R A O D O I DAT VAN DE Viet Nam la mdt nudc ndng nghiep chiem khoang 75-80% d ^ sd Tren dipn tich san xuat ndng nghiep cd nhigu Ioai cay trdng, CO liia Hang nam, san Iugng vd trau thai mdi trudng khoang 6,5-7,5 trieu tan [1-4], Tuy nhien, mdt ty le nhd cua vd trau duge dem di lam phan bdn, mdt phan Iam chat ddt thii cdng va phan Idn la viit bd thai ngoai mdi trudng (sdng ngdi, ao, hi ) vay, hieu qua-sii d\mg khdng cao, mat khac Iai ehinh la mam mdng gay d nhilm mdi tmong Vay, tim phuang phap dg sii dung hieu qua phu pham trau che bien dang dugc cac doanh nghiep va cac nha khoa hpc bet siic quan tam Hien tai, phin ldn cac co sd say ndng san (Ilia, ngd, ca phe ) ngudn nang Iugng nhiet dang su dung la dung nang Iugng hda thach (than da) la chinh Do do, dan den ehi phi cho san xuat Idn, higu qua kinh t l dem lai khdng cao Tuy nhign, cd mdt sd ca sd tSn dung Iugng phu pham ndng nghigp thai sau thu hoach, chl bign lam chat ddt de d6t true tilp thay eho than da phuc vu chinh ca sd chl biln eua minh Cach su dung ddt true tiep theo phuong phap truyln thdng gay khdi, bui dan den gay d nhilm mdi trudng nghigm trpng bdi qua trinh phan ling chay ddt true tigp bang Id dot thii cdng se khdng dugc "triet dg" Ngoai ra, khdi, bui cdn anh hudng tdi chit Iugng san pham say Nham khac phuc cac nhugc diem neu tren, mdt nhung phuang phap dang dugc hudng tdi sir dung rdng rai tren the gidi la phuang phap hda cac phy pham ndng nghiep, frong dd cd vd hau Viec nghign ciiu, thigt kg, chg tao thiet bi hda vd trau dg lay nang Iugng sach dung cho chinh ca sd ehg bien, say ndng san se mang lai hieu qua kinh ke, nang cao chat Iugng san pham xuat khau, ddng thdi gdp phan giam thigu d nhigm mdi trudng va gay hieu ung nha kinh la viec Iam cap thigt va cd y nghia ddi vdi Vigt Nam giai doan hien ciing nhu tuong lai VAT LIEU VA THIET BJ NGHIEN ClJtJ 2.1 Vat lieu nghign cihi Ddi tugng nghien ciiu la vd trau d Viet Nam sau che bien Qua tim hieu va lay mau d mdt sd CO sd che bien Iiia gao eho thay trau sau che bign cd dp am khoang 12-13%, khdi Iugng rigng vao khoang 120-150 kg/m3, hinh dang va kich thude eiia vd trau duoc the hign nhu trgn hinh Hinh 1: Hinh dgng vd kich thudc cua trdu [1] Khi sit dung trau Iam nhien Iigu thay the cho cac nhien lieu truyen thdng chuyen doi sang dang nang lugng nhigt diidi hinh thiic hda, hieu suat nhiet chuyen doi ngoai viec phu thupc vao phuong phap chuyin ddi, thiet bi chuyen doi cdn phu thudc vao cac phan Iy, hda va nhigt tri thap cua nhien Iigu, trgn bang dudi day cho ta thay ro han ve cac dac tinh Iy hda cua trau Bdng 1: Cdc thdnh ph&n/dactinh ly hoa ciia trdu [1-4] Thanh phan (%) (C) (H) (O) (N) (S) (a) (w) Hu (kJ/Kg) Vdtrlu 39,79 5,23 38,63 0,13 13,92 2,3 Khdi Iugng rigng (kg/m^) TAP CHf C O KHf VlfiT NAM 15,20 143 • Sd 10 (Thang 10nam2012) NGHIEN cufu-TRAOeOl 2.2 Thiet bi thye nghiem Phan anh chinh xac ciia kdt qua th\tc nghiem chiu anh hudng boi nhidu ydu td, dd c6 thidt hi Cac thidt hi dugc sir dung thuc iighidm nhu trdn hinh 2, gdm: Ctoban dd xic dinli khdi lugng (Viet Nam); may Itm lugng va vfin tdc gid (Testo - CHLB Diic); Thidt bi nhidt dg cam tay kidu sung bin (Ebro - CHLB Due); ngoai cdn cd cac sensor cam bien nhidt dO dd nhift dd bdn than Id Hinh 2: Cdc thiet bi dugc sii dung thfC nghiem (photo by RIAM) Tir trdi sang: cdn bdn, sung bdn nhiet do, ddng hd luu lugng gid NGUYEN LY HOAT DONG, CHE TAO VA KHAO NGHIEM THIET BI 3.1 Nguydn ly hoat dpng Nguydn ly cju tao cua thidt bi cd anh hudng khdng nhd ddn chit Iugng v4 kha nang ho^it ddng ciia thidt hi, bdi vay, vide Iua chon diing nguydn ly phai can cu vao dac tinh, hinh dang cua nguyen hdu cSn hda dd gdp phin vao su cdng nghidn cilu Tren hinh trinh bay nguydn Iy c8u tao va hoat ddng ciia thiet bi hda lidn tuc vd triu Hmh 3: Nguyin ly cdu tgo vd hogt dgng ciia thiet bi hda trdu lien tuc TAP CHl CO KHl V I £ T NAM • Sd 10 rThana 10 n&m 2017.1 NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D(!)l Hmh tren cho thfiy Id hda chuyin ddi nang Iugng tii trau gdm cac chi tiet, cum chi tilt hoat dpng theo nguyen Iy nhu sau: ddi vdi, thiet bi chinh "gdm cac phan phlu chuta lieu (trau) d ^ g dl ehiia dung nguyen lieu dugc nap vao lien tuc (1), dudi phin pheu nap heu la than than Id (4) duge ndi lien vdi phan tru md rpng (5), tiep dd dugc ndi liln vdi phin cdn hinh ndn (6), toan bd cac phin cd tac dyng de chiia nguyen ligu phuc vu cho qua trinh Iam khd, nhiet phan, hda khi, chiia tro, lpc hoi nudc va „dich nh\ra dudng" edn gpi la tar cho ddng trudc dugc di ngoai dl dot nang lugng nhiet phuc vu cho say ndng san (Iua, ngd ), budc dlu dat dugc kit qua rat dang khich le clu tao chi tilt cua thilt hi dugc thi hien tren hmh Trgn hinh & md ta nhiet do dugc ben Id hda, cudng dp, chieu dai ngpn lira thirc nghiem, qua cac hinh anh khang dinh cho su cdng cua ket qua nghien ciiu tinh toan thiet ke Id hda hen tuc vd triu Lugng khdng (oxy so cap) dugc cimg elp bdi quat gid (2) cung cap cho eac qua trinh phan umg ylm ben thiet hi Khdng dugc elp dan deu trgn tiet dipn mat cat ngang ciia thilt hi nhd ndn chia gid (3) Dau dng Idng (8) cd tac dung d p - va chia dlu gid (oxy) thii cip de gid tilp xiic vdi ngpn liia giup cho qua trinh chay tdt va dn dinh ngpn lira (9) Ca cau thao tro (7) hoat ddng lign tue ed tac dung thao sudt qua trinh thilt bi boat dOng Qua trinh nap nguygn li?u (triu) lign tuc cd tac dung nang cao hieu suit nhigt eua thilt hi, ngoai ed tac dung giii cho Hlnh 4: Lo hoa trdu hogt ddng lien tuc du^c thilt hi boat dpng lien tyc 24/24h, bdi v$y thigt tgo tgi RIAM bi cd the ap d\mg dudi dang quy md cdng nghi?p 1- Khoang chua nguyen lieu; 2~ buongphdn ung; 3.2 Thilt kl chl tao 3- khoang chua tro; 4- ngon Iua Che tao dugc thuc hien dua tren ket qua nghien ciiu tuih toan thilt kl tai Vien Nghien ciiu 3.3 Kit qua thi nghidm Thilt kl Chl tao may Ndng nghiep - RIAM (Bp Kit qua thdng sd nhiet dp budng Cdng Thucmg) Ld hda lien tuc ddi vdi nhien li^u vd trau da chl tao va khao ngbiem de lly Id phan ling dugc ghi bang nhu sau: T ^ CHl CO KHf VIETNAM V Sd IO(Thang 10nam20I2) '• NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO OOl Bdng 2: kit qud nhiet ben trgng 16 hda V| «J" "-2" "-1" "0" "X" "2" "3" «4" "5" "6" "7" 102 225 490 860 947 712 498 315 104 67 62 103 228 493 861 1014 792 528 334 110 76 65 i 101 226 491 860 988 777 513 317 104 68 63 7603 ^ 322/) tri L&n J 102^ 2263 4913 8603 983,0 T 106^ 633 bjnli Tren hinh bieu dien chi tiet hon ve mdi quan he ben Id hda vd trau tuong irng vdP 11 vi tri dugc dpc theo chieu cao Id tinh tir dudi len tren Dd thi bieu dien nhiet do tai cac v| tri 16 hoa - L M - > - L ^ -*-LAn -e-Tiung binh | • 1000 -T:rr-r ;: ::-i-|-H;-.;->.i.i.;; L 800- ^ 600 i 400 200 -^0^ -—J^Siir: I 8 —a — 11 10 V|Mdo(tfrdirMI«n) Hinh 5: Bieu biiu diin nhiet ben dugc ben id hda vd trdu TAP CHl CO KHi VIET NAM • Sd 10 TThane 10 nSm 20121 12 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOl Ngoai ra, kgt qua thuc nghigm (hinh 6) cho thay cudng dp ngpn lira dot gas ldn va dn djnh vdi chigu dai ngpn Iua khoang 1,4 den 1,8m, nhiet dp dugc tai tam ngpn Iua 550 - 650'*C, Iugng nhien lipu cung cap - kg/h, luu lugng gid cung cap 195-200m^/h, ti le tro khoang 27-30% Hinh 6: Cdc hinh dnh md td cudng dQ ngQn Ida vd chiiu dai ngon Ida cua Id id^i hda trdu duuc che tgo tgi RIAM KI;T LUAN Bai bdo da gidi thieu ket qua nghien ciiu thilt kl, chl t^o va khao nghipm Id hda lign tvic vd trau dugc thye hipn tai Vipn Nghien cum Thilt kl Chl t^o may Ndng nghiep - RLAM (Bd Cdng Thuong) Trong thuc tl hien cac doanh nghidp chl biln ndng sdn dang dung Id ddt than da ho^c dit tryc tilp vd triu de lay nhiet sur dung cho say ndng san (Iiia, ngd, ca phe) Qua kgt qua nghien ciiu ±ue nghigm vdi mlu Id hda hgn tyc vd triu ciia RIAM ngu trgn cho thay, cd thg sir dyng Id hda dl thay thi cho cac loai Id ddt than truyln thdng, hoac ddt trau true tiep bdi vi nhi$t do dugc ddt chay gas tao cua Id hda tir 550 - 6500 C, vdi cudng dp va chieu dai ngpn luta rlt Idn (1,4 - 1,8m) cd the hoan toan thay the dugc than da bang vd trau du thira gdp phin giam thigu d nhilm mdi trudng va tang hipu qua sir dung ciia cdc nha may chl bien ndng san • Ngay nh^n bai; 15/8/2012 Ngay phan bipn: 15/9/2012 Ngirdi phiin bifn: PGS, TS Bui Hai IVilu, Khoa Ca di^n, Trudng Dgi hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi Tai lieu tham khao: [1] Nguyen Dinh Tung (2009): Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur energetischen Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Abfalle aus Vietnam, Dissertation an der Universitat Rostock, Deutschland, [2] Tung N.D STEINBRECHT, D.; BEU, J and BACKHAUS, E (2008): Experimental Study on Hemp Residues Combustion in a small Scale Stationary Fluidized Bed Combustor Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejoumal Manuscript EE 08 006, Vol X August, 2008, S 1-11 [3] Tung, N D and STEINBRECHT D (2008): Modeling a Combined Heat and Power Cogeneration System in Vietnam with a Fluidized Bed Combustor Burning Biomass Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejoumal Manuscript EE 08 008 Vol: X December, 2008, S 1-22 Bei: http://www.cigrjoimial.org/index.php/EJQunral/ article/viewFile/U25/1040 (Dez 2008) [4] Tung, N D STEINBRECHT, D and VINCENT, T (2009): Experimental Investigations of Extracted Rapeseed Combustion Emissions in a Small Scale Stationary Fluidized Bed Combustor, Energies, Vol 2(1), Febmaiy 2009, p 57-70 Bei: http://www.mdpi com/1996-1073/2/1/57; http://www.mdpi.coni/journal/energies TAP CHf CO KHi VlfiT NAM Sd 10 (Thang 10 nam 2012)
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