Tính toán, thiết kế chế tạo máy cắt plasma CNC

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D O I TINH TOAN, THIET KE CHE TAO MAY CAT PLASMA CNC CALCULATION, DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING PLASMA CNC CUTTER Dang Quoc Hflng Trfldng Nghiip vu va Ky thuat Xay dflng VINACONEX TOM TAT De tdi "Tinh todn, thiet ke, che tgo mdy cat Plasma", ngodi viec dd thiet ke che tgo hodn chlnh mdy cdt Plasma thong thudng md them nhdng cdi tien mdi viec sd dung cdc cong CIA phdn mem Mach3 nhdm dieu khien mdy cdt Plasma, vdi nhdng cdi tien ndy mdy cat Plasma CNC dd tdng dUdc chinh xdc gia cong vd gidm ddng ke cdc thao tdc cua ngUdi dieu khien Tfl khoa: Mdy cdt Plasma, mdy cdt tdm Plasma, mdy cat tdm CNC ABSTRACT The Topic "Calculation, Design and Manufacturing plasma cutter" includes design and succeed manufacturing one kind of plasma cutter In addition improvement in use of software to control it Therefore this CNC plasma has increased the cutting accuracy and reduced the operations of the operators THIET KE CO KHI j 1.1 Thiet ke so bd Xuat phat tfl nhu cau giang day va hgc tap tai CO quan, Tae gia thilt k l sp bd may cat CNC plasma vdi hanh trinh 1.200 x 1.000 (mm) nhfl Hinhl —^VWyWVVA— NYi } j Hinh 2: Ket cdu ddn dgng theo true X,Y,Z U-^ U (Hinh2) la dan ddng cac true X,Y va Z cua may Hai true X, Y ehi phai mang ban may, qua trinh dich chuyen vi tri nd khdng phii ehiu Iflc eat ggt Trong thiet k l tac gia sfl diing dgng ca servo d l dan ddng cho true X, Y, Z cua may eat 1.2 Tinh toan Ifla chon bo truyen vit me va dong cd servo [1] Hinhl: Kit cdu sd bd cua mdy TAP CHf CO KHf M E T NAM Dfla vao cac thdng sd dau vao ta se tinh dflflc S6 {Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO DOI eac thdng sd can thiet theo cac cdng thflc sau: Momen quan tinh de tai chuyen ddng: J^=m.{{P,.W)l27rf Mdmen quan tinh de vit me bi quay: y,=(;r/32).Aa,-10-^).(D,.10-^)^ Mdmen quan tinh pulley chu dgng: Jfl,i=(l/8Kr(^,rlO"')'Mdmen quan tinh pulley bi dgng: \,=(.\li).m^AD,^.W-'f Mdmen quan tinh can thilt: JL=iJ.^Js^/o,2UD^J Z cd tdng trpng Iflpng kg, toe dp di chuyen 1000mm/3s Lfla ehpn trflpt: Chgn loai trflgt trdn va bac hi: ma JB-20A Thdng sd ky thuat: d=20mm,chieu dai L= 1100mm dfldng kinh Lfla chpn vitme hi: Chpn loai R25-10k4FSC , hang san xuat Hiwin (Taivi^an), thdng so: d=25 mm, bfldc vit P=40 mm, chieu dai L =1200 D^,f +J^^, Tinh todn liia chgn cong suat dgng cd Trtic Y Van toe can thilt: ã'ô=(a-(^,2/^p.))/('o-0)-(60//',) Mdmen xoan can thiet: T ^{T^+ 7"^ ).5' Mdmen xoln trung binh eua ea qua trinh: Md men xoln tai: Theo phflpng phap tinh toan tren ta tinh dflpc moment xoln can thilt T=2.533 Nm va tdc dp can thilt V=530 rpm Chpn dpng co ma: DANZ-02BC2B2, thdng so: Cdng suat 200W, tdc dp tdi da 3.000 vdng/phut 1.3.Tinh toan va Ifla chgn bd truyen -Ltia chgn vit me- trUdt Trtic X - Ltia chgn vit me- trUdt True Z Thdng sd dau vao: Khdi thiet bi true Y va Z ed tdng Iflpng 20 kg, tde 1.200mm/4s Lfla ehpn trflgt: Chpn loai slide trflpt: X2RZ24-1300-LLC-RLC, thdng sd ky thuat: Chieu dai :1300mm, tai trpng moi block 50kg Lfla chgn vitme bi: Chpn loai BSS2040L-1300KC4, thdng sd: d=25 mm, bfldc vit P=10 mm, chieu dai L =1300 Dau vao bai toan: Dau may cit plasma va cac chi tilt bat dau may cd trpng Iflpng 1,5 kg, hinh Irinh mong mudn: 150mm; Chpn loai trflpt: ma EGH15CA - hang san xuat Hiwm (Taiwan), tii trpng 50kg Chpn vit me bi: Ma SI06359 Thdng sd ky thuat: dfldng kinh d=15mm, bfldc vit P=5mm, chieu dai L=200 - Tinh todn ltia chgn cong sudt dgng cd Trttc Z Theo phfldng phap tinh toan tren ta tinh dflpc moment xoan can thilt T=1.326 Nm va tdc dp can thiet V=600 rpm Chpn ddng co ma : APM-SAOIACN, thdng s6: Cdng sual lOOW, tdc dg ldi da 3000 vdng/phflt -Tinh todn ltia chgn cong sudt dongcd TrucX Theo phfldng phap tinh toan tren ta tinh dfldc moment xoan can thiet T=5.201 Nm va toe dp can thiet V=480 rpm Chpn dpng co ma :,hang san xuat Kinco, thdng so: Cdng suat 4000W, tdc dp tdi da 3000 vdng/phut THIET KE BO DIEU KHIEN 2.1 Co sd nguyen Iy dieu khien -Ltia chon vit me- trUdt True Y Thdng s6 dau vao: Khoi thiet bi true Nguyen ly dieu khien dfla tren phfldng p h a p n p i s u y thang (tuyln tinh) va phfldng phap ^ TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM V Sd (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO D O I ngi suy vong N 1.1 PhUdngphdp ngi suy thang DDA (Digital Differential Analyse) nhu Hinh3 [3] , De dam bao dp chfnh xae cua bien dang ndi suy, eac bfldc edng budc phai nhd hdn ddn vi XV A / cua truyen ddng chay dao: A/v, A/, Tren cac may cdng cu dieu khien sd, thdng thfldng A / = 0,001m 2.1.2 PhUdngphdp ngi suy vong Hinh3 : Not suy tuyen tinh theo phUdngphdp DDA Phfldng phap ndi DDA cung dflpc flng dung npi suy vdng: Gil sfl can chay cat mgt dfldng cong, met dao chay tfl diem khdi xuat P^ den diem dich Pg vdi thdi gian chuyen ddng tfl P^ den P^ la T (Hinh 4) Hinh4: Ngi suy vong A Diem khdi xuat; E Dilm dich; L Chieu dai quang dfldng; u Tde dp chuyen ddng hinh thanh; VX, VY Tde dd chuyen dgng tren cae true XvaY Met dao can ehuyen dgng gifla diem khdi xuat PA va diem kit thuc PE theo mgt dfldng thing vdl tdc chay dao u xac dinh Trong thdi gian T = L/u, eae doan dfldng phan( x^ - x^) va ( y^ - y^ ) phai dflpc thflc hien Tinh toan gia tri tpa dp vi tri eae diem theo phflpng trinh dfldng thing x(0 = A , - il\jJi =x.- ilAZlA^, Ta cd phfldng trinh chuyen ddng cua cac diem trung gian P(x, y): x-7?.cos^ y = Rsin

c,i.o, phfldng trinh tren se la: Phdn mem Mach3 Ld mot phdn mem tingdung CO giao dien nhuHinh Phdn mem Mach3 dieu khien dgng cd thong qua cong LPT bang sd nhu Hinh 2.2.2 Cdc tinh ndng cua phdn mem Mach3: - Maeh3 giao tiep vdi phan cflng may CNC thdng qua cdng LPT (eong song song 25 chan) Cho phep biln mdt PC mgt bd dieu khien may CNC thflc thu - Bd dilu khien Mach3 hoan toan tfldng thieh vdi cae may phay CNC, tien CNC, cat Plasma, may khae, eat Laser X —JC — X ) A ^ - Giao dien dep, dl dang biln theo y thich eua ngfldi sfl dung Trdng dd: Axr, Ay H nhflng gia sd can cgng lai cac bd tich phan - Cho phep trflc tiep nhap eae File ed dinh dang DXF, BMP, JPG, va cac file HPGL qua LazyCam Thflc chat ngi suy vdng la chia cac doan cong cac doan eong nhd nhflng eoi chung nhfl cac doan thing Cac gia tri Axva Ay se dflpc ehuyin gdc quay cua cac ddng cP servo sau dflge qua eae bg truyln - Tao Gcode qua LazyCam hoac Wizards - Hoan toan chinh giao dien 2.2 Gidi thi^u ve phan mem dieu khien mach - Cho phep cai dat vi tri gdc cua phdi thdng qua cac phim cua ban phim may tinh 2.2.1 Giao dien phdn mem Mach3 vd sd ket ndi [4} 2.2.3 Ket qud dgt dUdc Tac gia da thilt k l va che lao may cit CNC Plasma vdi hanh trinh elt d moi true X la 1.200 mm, true Y la 1000 mm, true Z la 200mm nhfl (Hinh 7) Sfl dung he thong phan mem dieu khiln Maeh3 Control Plasma CNC elt dflpc cac hinh HinhS: Giao dien phdn mem Mach Dfldi day la hinh anh may cat sau chl tao va san pham cua may cit: Hinh 6: Sd hi thong diiu khien dong cd qua cong LPT TAP CHf C O KHf V I £ T NAM Hinh 7: Mdy cdt Plasma