NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO ! NGHIEN CUtJ CHUYEN DOI XE GAN MAY Stf DUNG DA NHIEN LIEU STUDY ON CONVERSION MOTORCYCLE BY USING MULTI-FUELS Nguyin Ngoc Diing, Tran Dang Long Phdng Thi nghiem Trpng diem Dpng cP Dot trong, Khoa Ky thuat Giao thong, Trudng Dai hpe Baeh khoa TP Ho Chi Minh TOM TAT Xe gdn mdy hien Id mot nhdngphUdng tien cd nhdn quan trgng vd bien nhdt Viet Nam Muc tiiu chinh cua de tdi ndy nhdm nghien cdu phdt trien Ung dung nhien lieu cho x mdy nhdm gidm sU phu thugc vdo nguon nhiin lieu long truyen thong, gidm nhiim moi trUdng thong phun nhien lieu dUdc gan vd hogt dgng song song vdi hi thong nhien lieu long tgo thdnh x mdy sd dung da nhien lieu long - Nhiin lieu dUdc thiit kiphun tren dUdng dng ngp, lUu l phun, thdi diem phun dUdc tinh todn vd dieu khien bang bg xd ly trung tdm thong qua viec tinh tod phdn tich cdc thong so chinh nhU dp sudt nap, vi tri bUdm ga (tdi), tdc dgng cd, thdi diem ph thdi gian phun td bo xd ly goc cua xe Kit qud thd nghiem trin bdng thd cho thdy sd dung nhien li ndng cao tinh kinh tedgng cd, giup gidm phdt ihdi cdc CO^ CO, HC vd NO^ Viec thiit ke ch doi thdnh cong xe gan mdy sd dung da nhien lieu giup md rgng dng dung nhiin lieu tgi Viet Nam Tii khoa: Xe gan mdy, hi thong nhiin lieu song song, da nhiin lieu Motorcycle is one of the most popular and important personal transporation means in Vietna The main purpose of this research is to study applying gaseous fuels for motorcycle in solving energ enviromental problems Gaseous fuel injection system was installed and operated in parallel with conventional liquid fuel system Gaseous fuel was injected in intake manifold Fuel quantity and inje timing were calculated and controlled by electronically control unit (ECU) thought calculating Int pressure, throthle position, engine speed and injection parameters from original ECU Experime results shown that the using of gaseous fuel help increase fuel economics, decrease exhaust gas em ofCO^ CO, HC and NO^ The successful of design and conversion multifuels motorcycle contribut the enlargement of applying gaseous fuel in Vietnam Keywords: Motorcycle, parallel fuels system, multi-fuels ^ TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM • S6 1+2 (Thing 1+2 nam 2013) NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO Ddi l.GICfl THifiU Nhien lieu cd nguon goc hda thach nhU than da, thiin nhiin v i xing dau la nguon nang lupng ehinh cung cap eho qua trinh phat trien cua nhan loai [1] Trong nam 2006, viec dot chay cie nguon ning lUpng cd nguon goc hda thach ddng gdp hon 85% tong so nguon ning lUpng cua the gidi Vdi sU phat trien cua cie n i n kinh te ldn, die biet la Trung Quoc va An Dp, nhu eau ve nang lupng cd nguon goc hda thach ngiy cing tang eao Theo du doan eua to ehdc ning lUpng t h i gidi, tinh td n i m 2006 d i n 2030, nhu cau ning lUpng the gidi se ting khoang 44% Trong dd, nhu eau td cic nUdc dang phit trien tang 73%, cac nude phat trien tang 15% [2] Mac du ddng gdp to Idn vao sU phat trien cua n h i n Ioai, viee sd dung nguon nhien lieu hda thaeh hien dang giy cie vin de rat ldn ve kinh te, xa hpi, tU nhiin, moi trUdng Viec ddt nhien lieu cd nguon goc hda thach thii moi trUdng mpt lupng ldn cie chat giy nhiem, dang p h i buy tram trpng moi trudng sdng, giy bien doi hau, v i Ii mpt nhflng nguyin nhin ehinh dan den eic t h i m hoa thiin tai nhflng n i m gan day [3] Ngoai ra, nhiin lieu ed nguon goe hda thach Ii cae loai nhiin lieu khong tai sinh, viee sd dung can kiet nguon nhien Ii?u cung dan d i n cie van d i rat ldn vi kinh te, chinh tri viic d i m bao sU phat tnen ben vflng cua cie quoc gia Van de dam bao an ninh nang lUpng cung nhU giim nhiim moi trUdng dang li eic thieh thde hing dau eho cac quoc gia, cae ehuyin gia nghien cdu nganh nang lupng, nganh nhiin lieu va nginh dpng ca Rat nhieu cac biin phip, giai phap da dupe de xuit, trien khai dng dung Trong dd, ed cac nghiin cdu v i phit trii'n cac Ioai nang lUpng mdi, nang lUpng tai tao (new/renewable energy) thay the nhiin lieu cd nguon gde hda thach Trong d6, cac nghiin cdu ve viic dng dung nhien lieu mdi/ nhien lieu thay the nhU nhiin lieu dau sinh hpe (biodiesel), nhien lieu cdn (ethanol/methanol, bioethano), nhiin lieu sinh bpc (biogas), thiin nhiin (NG), hda long (LPG) la mot nhflng hudng nghiin edu ndi bit viee tim Idem ngudn nhiin lieu mdi bo sung v i thay the tflng phan nhien lieu cd xang va diesel truyen thdng trin dpng eP dot Viet Nam la mpt quoe gia diin hinh d khu vUc va tren t h i gidi ve sd dung xe md td, xe gan miy chiem tdi 95% tong so xe cP gidi Day Ii loai phuong tiin di lai dupe nhieu ngUdi d i n lUa ehpn bdi d i sd dung, kha nang cP dpng va gia hpp ly [4] Nam 2010, tdng lUpng xe gan may tai Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh khoang 4,5 trieu, ei nUde khoang 33 triiu xe Nhu eau sd dung xe gan may hiin vin tang eao, thinh cd khoang 300.000 - 350.000 xe gin may dang ky mdi m5i nim, vdi mde ting khoang 10%/nam [5] Tuy nhien, sd dung viec sd dung xe gin may hiin dang li cic van de quan tam hang diu xe gin miy Ii mot nhflng tie nhan ehinh gay ket xe va gay nhiim moi trUdng cac Idn Viee tim kiim, dng dung nhflng nguon nhien lieu mdi thay the ngudn nhiin lieu truyen thdng dang sd dung cho xe gin miy hien dang la eae van de quan tim hing dau cua cac nha khoa hpe tai eac trfldng dai hpe, vien nghiin cflu eung nhU eac nha hoaeh dinh chinh sich tai Viet Nam Viec ap dung eac loai nhiin lieu mdi tren xe gan may rat han cbe TrUdng Dai bpc Bach Khoa Da Ning dUpc xem Ii dPn vi tiin phong ca nUde viee nghien edu dng dung nhien lieu hda long tren (LPG) trin xe gan may bang viee sd dung bo trpn Gastecb Tuy nhien, bp trpn vdi ket cau don giin, dp dap flng eham da Iam ban ehe flng dung ciia giai phip thUe te Ngoai ra, viee chuyen doi xe gan miy thudng bang each gin them binh nhiin lieu phia sau xe Iam mat tham my, khong an toan chiy no va giam tinh nang ddng eua xe qua trinh sd dung Muc tiiu cbinb eua nghiin cflu Ii thiet k i ehuyen doi xe gin miy truyen thong xe gan miy sd dung da nhiin lieu Idng - Xe gin miy dupc ehuyen doi de ed the sd dung mpt each linh boat vdi cie Ioai nhiin lieu long - nhU hda Idng, sinh hoc, thiin nhiin dang Ci nen TAP CHf C O KHf Vl£T NAM V S6 I +2 (Thing 1+2 nim 2013) | NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO 061 XE GAN MAY DA NHIEN LIEU 2.1XecPsd Yeu eau doi vdi xe cP sd li phai thoa man eae diiu kiin boat dpng eua xe gan may thudng, ngoii eon phai dam bao tinh tiin dung, tinh k h i thi ehuyen doi xe gan m i y sd dung da nhiin lieu Xe gan miy sau ehuyen doi phii d i m bao hoat dpng dn dinh vdi nhiin lieu long truyen thong Xe gan may sfl dung da nhien lieu khong dupe thay ddi vi hinh ding, ket cau ben ngoai va tinh tham my eua xe Dfla vio cic phan tieh, xe gan miy Honda Lead dUpe lUa ehpn lam xe ca sd de nghiin edu ehuyen doi xe gan may sd dung da nhien lieu long - khL Xe Honda Lead sfl dung dpng ep ky, xy-lanh, lam m i t bing nUde Cie thong so ky thuat xe eo sd dflpc trinh biy bing 2.2 Nguyen ly hoat dpng xe gan may da nhien lieu Bdng 1: Mgt sd thong so ky thudt cd bdn cua xe cdsd dUdcchon Xe CO sd Lead Honda Trpng lupng bin than Kich thude Truyen dong Loai dong cP Dudng kinh xi-lanh H i n h trinh pit-tong Dung tich Ty so nen He thong lam m i t Cong suit cUe dai M6-men cUe dai H i thong nhiin lieu 115 kg 1835/670/1125 mm CVT SI,4ki 50 mm 55 mm 108 em3 11.0:1 Nude 6.4 kW (7500 rpm) 9.2 Nm (6000 rpm) Phun xang dien tfl TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM Hinh 1: Sd bo tri hi thong nhiin lieu trin xe Honda Lead Trongdd, 1) ECU goc; 2) Binh LPG; 3) Cop xe; 4) ECU chuyen doi; 5) Kim phun khi; 6) Van gidm dp; 7) Kim phun xdng; 8) Bong ed; 9) Binh xdng Hinh trinh bay so bo tri he thong nhiin lieu tren xe Honda Lead va hinh trinh bay SP nguyin ly hoat dpng eua h i thong cung cap da nhiin lieu long - cho xe gan may Hinh 2: Sd nguyin ly hogt ddng he thong nhien liiu xe gdn mdy da nhien lieu long - Ve bin chat, xe gan miy da nhien lieu long - d i tii boat dpng theo eung mpt nguyin ly vdi eic xe du lich ehay trin thi trudng H i thong nhien lieu thiet ke vi boat dpng song song vdi h i thong nhien lieu long Khie vdi h i thong nhien lieu sd dung nghiin cflu cua Giao sU Bui Van Ga, h i thong ^ nhiin Heu tren xe gan m i y sd dung he thong phim nhien Hiu Idii dieu khi^n dien tfl Tin hieu dieu khien lUu lUpng phun va thdi gian phun eho kim phim nhiin lieu du^c lay tfl tin hiiu dieu khien phun kim phun nhien lieu long (xang) Tfl do, bp diiu khien trung tam (thiet k i mdi) se tinh t o i n v i dii'u khien lUpng phun, thdi diem phun tUPng flng He thong cung cap nhien lieu khi: He thong nap (LPG/biogas) vio binh ehfla qua dau nap (1) v i van nap (2) Khi dUpe nen dupc dUa vao binh (3) vdi i p suat 10 - 15 bar Binh (3) dUOe thiet ke tiiy thupc vao kich thUdc khoang dUng dd xe gan may, the tich nam So 1+2 (Thing 1+2 nam 2013) NGHIEN CUTU-TRAOOOl khoang 20 lit Trfldc cho xe van hanh, tii xe ECUl de ngat kim phun (12) phai md van tay (4) de nhien heu ludn ehd sin d trUdc van diin tfl (5) Trin dau binh nhien Che dp chay hon hpp da nhiin hiu long Ueu cd ddng ho bao i p suit binh Nhiin - khi: Khi cong tic chuyen doi (20) d vi tri 3, xe se lieu sau qua van diin tfl si qua bp diiu chay d ehe dp bon hpp xang va khL ECU se tinh ap (6), bp dieu i p cd n h i i m vu giam ap suat toin de dii'u khien kim phun (9) va (12) phun binh ehda tfl 10 - 15 bar xuong cdn - 1.5 ddng thdi theo cic ehe dp tii va toe dp xe bar Tren bp dieu i p cung co dong ho cam bien i p suat de dieu ehinh i p suat nhiin lieu theo yeu eau C O N G SUAT VA KHI THAI XE GAN M A Y Nhiin lieu sau qua bp diiu ap si di qua bp DA NHIEN LI$U Ipc (8) giup lpc bui ban trUdc dupe kim phun (9) phun vio dUdng ong nap dpng cp Khi ed tin Mue dieh chinh eua phan la kiem tra hiiu tfl cdng tic chuyen doi 20 (cdng tac vj tri), eac die tinh cua xe miy sau ehuyen ddi sfl da ECU2 se tie dpng de md van diin tfl va dieu nhiin biu xing v i so vdi trfldc chuyin doi khien kim phun (9) phun nhien h i u vdi Iflpng Xem xet sU thay ddi vi tinh nang dpng lUc hpe, phun v i thdi diem phun dUa theo cac ket qui tinh phat thai thai, tiiu hao nhien liiu Do gidi ban toan tfl cim bien vi tri bUdm ga (11), cam bien vi nguon eung nhien lieu khi, de tai ehi 6-xy (17), cam biin nhiit dp dau boi trpn (18) v i tien hinh thfle nghiim vdi mot loai nhat cam bien toe dp dpng eP (19) la dau md hoa long LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) H i thdng cung eip nhien lieu long: Cie xe chuyin doi gifl nguyen he thong nhiin lieu long 3.1 Thiet hi thfl nghiem (phun xang dien tfl) Xing binh chfla (15) se dflpc bom (14) bom qua bp Ipe (13) din kim Toan bp cic thi nghiim dupe thd tren be phun (12) v i phun vao buong chay dpng eo Cac thfl xe gan m i y Diy la be thfl ehuyen dung phuc tin hiiu de die'u khien v i tinh toan Iflpng phun vu eho cdng viec nghiin cdu phit trien.Thong qua dflpc gifl khong ddi v i dupe dieu khii'n bing be thfl, ta cd the dinh gii dUpc cac ehi tieu nbu ECUl kha nang tang tdc, phankhi thai cua dpng C P ehi boat dpng eua h i thong nhien lieu xe gan may da nhien lieu Xe gan miy da nhien lieu se dUpc boat dpng che dp sau tUPng flng vdi vi tri edng tic chuyen doi (20): Sfl dung nhiin lieu Idng truyin thong: Cdng tic chuyin doi (20) d vi tri Sfl dung 100 % nhien lieu khi: (Cong tic chuyen ddi d vj tri 2) xe khdi dpng, xe si dupe khdi dpng bing nhien lieu long Tai xe se nhan cdng tie chuyen ddi (20) de chuyen sang sfl dung 100% nhiin lieu Khi n h i n dflpc tin hiiu niy, ECU2 se tinh toan Iflpng phun de dieu khien kim phun (9) theo che dp boat dpng cua dong cP Dong thdi, ECU eung chuyen tin hiiu din CO xe miy nhu CO, HC, NOx hoae so sanh mde tieu thu nhien lieu Be thfl xe gan may tao tai dUa tren nguyin tie can bing moment diin vdi moment co Dpng ca keo banh xe chu dpng quay lam ru-l6 bang tii quay, keo theo rotor may phat quay, bp kich tfl kich tfl eho miy phit, dau may phat ndi vio tai diin tieu thu tao nen mpt mach kin Viee kich tfl cho miy phit se tao mot moment kich tfl can bing vdi moment keo dpng cP sinh Nhfl vay, muon xe hoat dpng d ehe dp tai nao thi ta ehi can thay ddi moment kich tfl tUPng flng bang each thay dot diin ap kich tfl Hinh trinh bay SP dd bo tri thi nghiim xe gin miy da nhiin lieu trin be thfl Xe dupe gifl eo dinh tren be thfl de de phong trudng hpp xe bi tupt khdi be thfl, gay nguy hii'm cho ngUdi van hinh, thfl nghiim TAP CHf CO KHI VIETNAM • S6 1+2 (Thing 1+2 nim 2013) ^ NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO B O I eic thiet bi va chay ham ndng dpng ca khoang 20 phut Ba phep thfl de d i n h gii dac tinh eua xe dupc thUc h i i n nghien edu n i y bao gdm: k h i nang tang toe, lflpng tieu hao nang lupng v i nong dp cae ehat phit thai 3.3 Ket qua va thao luan Hinh 3: Mo hinh thi nghiim Xe gdn mdy sd dung da nhien lieu long - dUdc lap ddt co dinh trin be thd de tliu hao nhiin Uiu, thdi vd ddnh gid ve tinh kinh te Hinh 4: Do thf ddc tinh tdng tdc cua xe gdn mdy da nhiin chgy xdng vd LPG Miy phan tich thai Hesbon dflpc dung de va phan tich thai xe gin may Ong xa xe gin may dupe thiet ke va lap dat dUdng ong thu thii ehuyen biit v i earn vio diu eua miy Hesbon Trong do, viee xie dinh Iflpng tiiu hao long va rat khd khan khd thao binh nhien lieu De xac dinh lUpng tieu hao nhiin lieu Idng, bmh nhien lieu dupe thao ngoai va dUdng dng nhien liiu dupe thay ddi de eo the hoat dpng Toan bp binh nhiin lieu dflpc dat tren can nhiin lieu va lUpng nhien lieu tieu thu li hiiu so trpng Iflpng cua binh nhien lieu tai thdi die'm dau va cuoi eua lan Viee tieu hao nhien lieu eung dupe tii'n hanh bing phUPng phap tUOng tU, nhien, thdi gian thfl nghiim phai tien hanh liu hpn de dam bio dp chinh xac cua phep thfl 3.2 Quy trinh thfl nghiem Qua trinh thfl nghiem dfla tren nguyin tie ehay xe miy trin bang thfl xe gan may dieu kien tai 4kVA 60V Sau do, sfl dung cie thiit bi chuyin dung luy vio mue dich de thdng so lim viic nao eua xe m i y TrUde thfl nghiim, ngUdi thfl nghiem phai van h i n h bp tao tai, cai dat ^ Q TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM • 3.3.1 Thifigian tangtoc Dd thi hinh trinh bay kit q u i thdi gian tang toe cua xe gin miy da nhien lieu tren be thfl Khi xe sfl dung nhien hiu LPG, thdi gian tang toe tfl den 300 m (quing dUdng quy doi trin be thfl) Idn hon khoang 16.5% so vdi xe sfl dung xing A92 truyin thong SU giam thdi gian tang toe ed the noi die tinh chiy eua nhien lieu, LPG ed nhiet tri the tich nho hpn so vdi xing Trong khoang tfl den 100 m ta thay dp doc cua dUdng eong vin toe eua xe sfl dung xang ldn hon sfl dung LPG, ed nghia rang khoing 100 m dau tien kha nang tang toe eua xe sd dung xang tot hon Trong khoang 200 m k i tiep thi dp doe eua dfldng eong van toe cua xang vi LPG thi xap xi n i n k h i nang ting toe cua xe se khong chin lech nhieu Dii'u cd the giai thieh vfla tang toe, dp d i p flng cua xang tot hPn so vdi xe ehay ga Niu so vdi bp trpn kieu ca khi, thdi gian dap flng cham bPn nhiiu, cam giic ngfldi lai se rat chin ehuyen sang sfl dung nhien lieu Day la mpt nhflng nguyin nhan ngUdi dung sau sfl dung nhiin lieu lai muon chuyen qua xang I I il II ^•J ^100% LPG ^ V|n tdc (km/h) Hinh 5: Do thi so sdnh lUdng nhien lieu tieu thu xe sd dung xdng/LPG S6 1+2 (Thing 1+2 nim 2013) NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO 061 long trin thi trUdng re hPn tfl 20-30% so vdi xing trin mpt dPn vj ning Iflpng Do do, viic dng dung nhiin heu LPG giup ngUdi sfl dung tiet kiim dupe 25 - 35% ehi phi nhien lieu Gia tri niy tuong dflong vdi gii tri ma eae cong ty eung cap nhiin lieu dang khuyen khieh ngfldi sfl dung ehuyen dot xe du lich tfl xang sang sfl dung hda long 3.3.3 Thdnh phdn thdi LPG Xang Hinh trinh bay ket qua so sanh ve nong dp phat thai CO^, CO, HC va NOx trin xe gin Hinh 6: Do thi so sdnh lUdng tinh kinh te nhiin lieu may da nhiin lieu sfl dung nhien lieu xang sd dung xdng/LPG theo chu trinh thdiapan 10-15 truyen thong va sfl dung nhiin lieu LPG Tuy nhien, doi vdi phflong tien hoat dpng ehu yiu npi vdi mat dp giao thong eao thi kha nang tang toe cung khong qua quan trpng Khi nang ting toe tfl - 100m sfl dung nhien lieu long v i hda long ehi caeh khoang 1,5 giay Diiu kiin nay, cd the hoin toan chap nhan dupe tai diiu kiin ldn nhU TP.H6 Cbi Minh Trong qua trinh ehay thUe te trin dUdng, ban than ngudi thfl nghiem khong thay va khong phan biit cam giae khac SU khac ehi xuat hiin dieu kien tai Idn tren be thfl xe gan may Khi CO^ la mpt nhflng phan gay hieu flng nha kinh Mpt nhflng giai phip de giam nong dp CO, thai cua cac phflpng tiin ca gidi la sfl dung nhiin lieu ed ham lupng carbon thap LPG la mpt nhflng loai nhiin liiu cd ti le carbon-hydro thap bon cua xang Nhin chung, nong dp CO, tang theo toe dp xe Nong dp CO, phat thai eua LPG Iuon thap hon so vdi xang Nd giam khoang 20% theo gii tri trung binh Dae biet, tai toe dp 20 va 30 km/h, mde tdc dp thudng xuyin boat dong eua xe thi no giam den 30% Khf CO khong trUc tiep gay hieu flng nha kinh nhflng no eung gdp phan gay nhiem moi trUdng De giam tie hai eua nd den moi Hinh trinh bay sfl bii'n thien Iflpng tiiu thu nhien lieu theo toe dp xe Nhin chung, lflpng trUdng thi viec giam ndng dp phat thai CO tren cac nhiin lieu tiiu thu ting toe dp xe tang Tinh phupng tien giao thong la het sfle quan trpng Hinh theo phan khoi lUpng, xe sfl dung LPG tieu trinh bay sU thay ddi nong dp CO thai thu nhien lieu it hPn so vdi sfl dung xang d theo toe dp xe Kit qua cho thay nong dp CO sfl mpi tdc dp LI giai thieh eho dii'u la nhiit dung LPG ludn on dinh va thap hon so vdi sfl tri rieng eua LPG eao hPn vi hiiu suat ehiy cua no dung xang, Nd giam khoang 80% theo gia tri trung tot hon Tai eae toe dp 20,30 va 50 km/h tieu thu binh Su giam nong dp CO thai la sU nhiin lieu giam Ian Iflpt 9%, 13% va 8% Die biit, hinh hdn hpp chay dong nhat Do xang dupe tai tdc dp 40 km/h mflc tiiu thu nhien lieu giam phun vao dfldng nap d dang long nin nang tao hon hpp dong nhat thi khong eao bang LPG dflpc nhieu nhat khoang 19% Hinh the hien mflc tiiu phun vao dfldng nap d the Hon nfla, tde dp thy nhien lieu eua xe klii eho xe chay theo ehu xe cing cao thi thdi gian hinh hon hpp chay trinh Japan 10 tren bang thfl xe gin may Kit qui cang ngin dan din mflc dp dong nhat cua hon hpp cho thay xe sfl dung LPG tii't kiem khoing 12% cang giam Mmh ehflng cho dieu do, tfl thi ta nhiin lieu thay ndng dp CO thii eua xang ludn eao hpn so vdi LPG va ting din theo toe dp xe Kha DUa vio tinh kinh te nhiin lieu ta thiy, ning tao dflpc hdn hpp ddng nhat de giam phit sfl dung hda Idng giup ngfldi tieu dung thai ehinh li flu diem eua LPG "^ tiit kiem hPn 10% ve trpng lUpng Gii hda 3.3.2 Lugng nhien lieu tieu thu TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM V So I+2(Thang 1*2 n a m a i ) | Q ] NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D | - K h i ning ting tde cua xe giam chay Su huih HC thii chi rang n h i i n lieu chay khong hoan toin Nhflng li bang nhiin Uiu khi, nhien, diy l i van de khong chinh cho sU ehay khong hoan toan va sU h m h ldn neu xet den tinh kinh t i va an toin cua xe HC la hdn hpp chay cd nhiet dp thap, thieu oxygen va khong ddng nhat LPG cd toe dp ehiy tang cao hPn xing nen nhiet dp chiy ting cao giai dpan dau cua q u i trinh chiy, dong thdi vdi kha ning tao hon hpp dong nhat hpn xang nen thinh phan HC thai thap hpn xang Hon nfla, LPG d the dieu kiin moi trUdng nin khong cd ldp nhien lieu long ngflng tu tren dfldng nap do lam giim thinh phan HC thai Hinh eho thay sU thay doi nong dp HC thai theo toe dp xe Nong dp HC eua LPG deu thap hOn so vdi xing Hinh 7: Thdnh phdn phdt thai cdc ehdt gdy nhiem xe gdn mdy da nhiiu sd dung vdi xdng vd LPG d mpi toe dp xe, nd giim khoang 30% theo gii tri trung binh; d cac toe dp 20, 30, 40 va SO km/h thi - Khi sd dung n h i i n lieu thi thai nd giim Ian lUpt la 45%, 37%, 29% va S% giam d tat ca cac toe dp Dac biit, xe giup giam SU hinh NOx gia ting moi manh t h i n h phan CO^, CO toe dp xe dUdi 40 trUdng CO nhiit dp va ap suat cao Trong nghiin km/h, tuong flng vdi dieu kien xe di ehuyen cham cflu nay, hdn hpp ehiy cua LPG dupe dieu chinh hoac chay d vung chay ngheo nen nhiet dp ehiy thap Hinh - Viee kit hpp hai loai nhiin Uiu long-khi trinh bay sU thay doi nong dp NOx theo toe dp xe, nd CO xu hudng ting theo toe dp xe Dii'u si giup xe ehay quang dUdng xa hon, giim phit thii thii giy hiiu flng n h i kinh, giam nhiem hoan toin hpp Ii, vi toe dp cing ting thi kha nang giai nhiit cho dpng giam dan d i n nhiet dp moi trfldng buong ehiy ting Ngiy n h i n bai: 15/01/2013 Ngiy p h i n bien: 20/02/2013 KET LUAN NgUdi phan bien: PGS, TS Ha Minh Hirng, Trung tam CTA - NARIME, Vien Nghien cflu CP Nghien cflu niy thflc biin viee ehuyi'n doi xe gan may thfldng xe gin may sfl dung da Ldi cam Pn: nhiin heu long - hda long Sau qua trinh thflc hien, de tai dflpc tdm tat nhfl sau: Tie gii ehan t h i n h cam Pn cac eUu sinh vien Ho Trpng Dfl, TrUPng Hoii Linh, P h ^ Viee ehuyen ddi xe gan miy thfldng TrUdng Sinh va Tran Vin H i u da hd trP viic xe gan may sfl dung da nhiin lieu long nen thfle hiin vdi cac xe tay ga, sfl dung h i tinh toin, lip dit va thfl nghiim *l* thong phun nhien lieu dien tfl de dam bao tinh tham my, k h i nang flng dung va qua trinh dieu khien, van hanh xe tdt - Xe sfl dung nhien lieu d i p dng tot ve toe dp v i tii theo chu trinh JapanlO (mo phong dii'u kiin boat dpng cua xe trin dfldng thi) Khi sfl dung dieu kiin npi do, giao thong chat hep, xe sfl dung se phit huy flu diem van de tie't kiim, giam nhiim moi trfldng TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM Tai Ueu tham khao: [l], "Fossil fuels: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossll_fiiel." [2| EIA, "Energy Information Administration - EIA - Official Energy Statistics from the US Government," 17-May-2009.[OnlineI Available: http://www.eia.doe.gov/ [Accessed: 17-May-2009i |3| O Kaarstad, "Fossil fuels and responses to global warming," Energy Conversion and Management, vol 36, no 6-9, pp 869872 [4] http://moitruong.mt.govvn/ [5] Phg,m Xuan Mai va cac cpng sij "Xe g4n may va nhflng thich thflc quan iy giao thong thi ben vflng", H^i thio Phdt InSn Ben vflng S6 1+2 (Thang 1+2 nam 2013) ... 061 XE GAN MAY DA NHIEN LIEU 2.1XecPsd Yeu eau doi vdi xe cP sd li phai thoa man eae diiu kiin boat dpng eua xe gan may thudng, ngoii eon phai dam bao tinh tiin dung, tinh k h i thi ehuyen doi xe. .. ngoai va tinh tham my eua xe Dfla vio cic phan tieh, xe gan miy Honda Lead dUpe lUa ehpn lam xe ca sd de nghiin edu ehuyen doi xe gan may sd dung da nhien lieu long - khL Xe Honda Lead sfl dung... lieu eua xe klii eho xe chay theo ehu xe cing cao thi thdi gian hinh hon hpp chay trinh Japan 10 tren bang thfl xe gin may Kit qui cang ngin dan din mflc dp dong nhat cua hon hpp cho thay xe sfl