Nghiên cứu quá trình hình thành khí thải CO trong buồng đốt công nghiệp, sử dụng ống pilot phun nhiên liệu bằng mô hình CFD CRN 8 thành phần

NGHIEN CtfU - TRAO OOl NGHIEN CU'U QUA TRJNH HJNH THANH KHJ THAI CO TRONG BUdNG D T CONG NGHIEP, SU DUNG dNG PILOT PHUN NHIEN LIEU B A N G M HINH CFD-CRN THANH PHAN A STUDY OF CRN-CFD EIGHT-ELEMENT MODEL TO PREDICT THE CARBON OXIDE EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRLAL COMBUSTOR USING PILOT FUEL INJECTION Nguyen Thanh Hao Trudng Dai hoc Cong nghiep TR Ho Chi Minh {// C'O TOMTAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy ket qud nghien cdu qud trinh Kmh thdnh thdi dgc hgi CO trang buong dot sit dung ong pilot phun nhiin lieu bdng phUdng phdp ket hgp hai md hinh mo phong dng dung cd hgc lUu chdt tinh todn (CFD) vd mo hinh md phong dng dung mgng phdn dng hda hoc thdnh phdn (CRN) Trong nghiin cdu ndy mo hinh so CRN thdnh phdn dUdc thiet ldp dung de xdc dinh thdnh phdn CO buong dot dugc xdy ddng dda tren ket qud tit mo hinh sd CFD Cdc dieu kien bien vd dieu kien ddu vdo cm mo hinh CRN thdnh phdn dugc lay td thuc nghiem Ket qud nghien cdu mo phong dugc kiem chdng vdi thdc nghiem di'khdng dfnh dg tin cdy vd hudng phdt trien trgng viec dU dodn thdnh phdn gdy nhiem moi trddng dong thdi ddm bdo qud trinh chdy sgch buong dot TU khoa: CRN (Mgngphdn dng hod hgc), CFD (Dgng ldc hgc lUu chdt tinh todn), PSR (Todn td phdn dng PSR), PFR (Todn td phdn dng PFR), Buong dot nhien lieu hod trgn trddc, CO ABSTRACT The develgpment of chemical reactor models to predict CO emission is very important for Ihe modern combustion system design In this study, chemical reactor networks eight-element (CRN) models are constructed base on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) The boundary and operating conditions used for these CRN model reflect the typical operating conditions of the lean premixed gas turbine combustor The global mechanism has been developed by GRI 3.0 in the VW chemical reactor code For reliability of the predictive model, the model was analyzed and compared lo Ihe experimental test combustor Keywords: CRN, CFD, PSR, PFR, Lean Premixed Combustor, CO TAP CHi CO KHl VIET NAM "l* So (Tii.iiif: n.; ^ j NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO OOl I.DATVANDE Kiem sodt thdi gay d nhiem mdi trfldng van cdn la mot muc tieu thiet ke quan trpng viec phdt trien he thdng budng ddt cdng nghiep Sfl hinh thdnh CO ngpn Ifla cfla qud trinh chay phu thudc vdo rat nhieu yeu to, nhflng thay ddi nhd cac dieu kien bien vd dieu kien dau vao cung se ddn den sfl phat thai Idn chat d nhiem nhfl CO Md hinh CRN dflpc xay dflng dfla tren CO sd ly thuyet cua cdc nghien ctfu da trinh bay d phan tren, dieu kien dau vdo ctia mo hinh lay tfl md hinh thflc nghiem nhfl hinh va md hinh CFD hinh 3, va Ket qua dinh Iflpng thdnh phan CO bang mo hinh CRN phan dflpc thiic hien cho nhieu trfldng hpp tai khde vd he so xody khde nham muc dich xdc dinh dflpc thdng so toi flu cho qua trmh chay nhien lieu buong ddt cong nghiep Khongkhichay Nhieu nghien cflu md phdng flng dung co hoc Iflu chat tinh todn ve qud trinh chdy cua dong phun rdi buong dot cdng nghiep da cho ket qua cd the flng dung dflpc Tuy nhien, chfla cd nhieu nghien cflu ket hpp ddng thdi hai mo hinh CFD vd CRN dung de mo phdng qua trinh chdy nhien heu buong dot cong nghiep Day la hfldng nghien cflu cd nhieu flu diem, dd dinh Iflpng dflpc phan NOx vd CO cfla ngpn Ifla qua trinh chdy la mpt nhflng van de dflpc quan tam hien Khdi niem md phdng qua trinh chay flng dung co che mang phan flng hda hoc sfl dung todn tfl PSR va PFR dflpc gidi thieu bdi Bragg S L., sau Swithenbank phat trien bang each chia vung ngpn ifla md hinh thdng qua cac thong sd tflong quan va thflc nghiem [1] Trong cdc vung md phdng ngon Ifla, the tich khdng gian chdy dflpc bieu dien bang cac phan tfl phdn flng ddc trflng nhfl PSR, PFR va MIX Rubins & Pratt [2] da flng dung cdc nghien cflu ndy de dieu khien Iflpng thai phat sinh budng ddt turbine Ngay nay, mo hinh mang phan flng hda hoc khdng chi flng dung buong ddt cdng nghiep ma cdn dflpc flng dung rdng rai nhieu linh vflc khoa hoc ky thuat khac Do do, da xuat hien mot sd Iflpc mang phan flng hda hpe va phflong phdp nghien cflu thai gay d nhiem dflpc cdng bd nhfl Rutar & Malte [3] PhflOng phap ket hpp hai md hinh md phdng CFD-CRN ling dung turbine dflpc de xuat bdi Novosselov [4], Park, J K [5] Cac ket qua nghien cflu sau phan flng cfla CFD dflpc flng dung de xay dflng md hinh CRN TAP CHI C O KHi VIET NAM Khdngkhilam mai 1^ TB tgo xoay (a) Sd nguyen ly Khongktuchay Khongkhilam mat d u g pilot I d n g cap L ^ chinh (b) M6 hinh thUc nghiem Hmh Mo hinh buong dot cong nghiep XAY DtfNG MO HINH CFD-CRN 2.1 Mo hinh thifc nghiem So dd nguyen ly va md hinh thflc nghiem buong dot cdng nghiep dflpc trinh bay hmh Md hinh bao gom buong dot, cac dau dot chinh vd ddu phun pilot dang khuech tan Md hinh sfl dung thiet hi phdn tich Testo 360 de xac dinh thdnh phan CO vd thiet bi cap nhiet dp kieu R de xac dinh nhiet dp (Hinh 2) Vi tri thflc hien tif tam den bien tai dudi cua budng ddt, khdng cap vao buong dot dflpc gia nhiet so bo den 650K, dp suat latm, ty le dflong Iflpng gifla nhien lifu vd khdng dflpc thay ddi tfl 0,5 den 0,8, he so xody thay doi tflong flng vdi gdc tao xody lan Iflcft la 30°, 45° vd 60" Sd (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN CtfU IRAQ DOI ^^^^E ^ ^ '^^^ \ Chiimtialasa L J Thau Jtmh hmh try „ (f=50nim) Thau kinh toi y {f= 500mm) ICCD Camera (512*512) May phatdinh giir (a) Sd nguyen ly he thong phdn tich Testo 3600 Hinh Phdn bo nhiet nggn Ida thay doi ty le dUdng lUdng nliien lieu ciia pilot (b) He thdng thiet bi phdn tich Testo 360 Hinh Mo hinh thiet bi thiic nghiem 1.1 Mo hinh CFD Md hinh CFD dflpc xdy dflng bdng phan mim STAR-CD phien bdn 4.06, md hinh roi k-e, rao hinh ngon Ifla EBU vd nhien lieu ddt CH, (methane) Ket qud tfl md hinh cung cap nhflng hinh dnh ve thdng sd cp ban ben ngpn Ifla (hinh vd 5), day la nhflng thdng so dflpc sfl dung de xdy dflng md hinh CRN, Md hinh md phdng khdng gian chieu dflpc trinh bdy hinh Hinh cho thay thay ddi gdc tao xoay thi phdn bd nhiet cua ngpn Ifla cflng thay ddi ro r?t, vung nhiet dp cflc dai dat den 2522K Cdc vung cua ngpn Ifla dflpc phdn chia thanh: Vung ngpn Ifla chinh, vung hdi Iflu tai tdm cua ngpn lUa, viing hoi Iflu tai bien thdnh rdn va vung san phdm chay phia sau ngpn Ifla 2.3 Md hinh CRN phan Md hinh CRN thdnh phan dflpc xdy dflng bdng phdn mem CHEMKIN va cache dflpc lflc hoc cdc phdn flng hda hoc GRI 3.0, Budng ddt dflpc phan chia thdnh cdc vung khac dfla theo nhiet dp, van tdc va nong dp cdc chat hinh sau phan flng da dflOc xac dinh tfl md hinh CFD Hinh 5a bieu dien cac vung dflpc phdn chia tren ket qua tim dflpc tfl md hinh CFD trfldng hpp buong dot sfl dung dau phun pilot Hinh 5b trinh bdy md hinh md phdng flng dung mang phdn flng hda hoc bao gdm phan tfl dfla tren ket qua tfl hinh 5a Md hinh bao gom: phan tfl PSR, phan tfl PFR va phan tfl MIX Phan tfl PSR (Perfectly Stirred Reactor) bieu dien cho vung cd phdn flng chay vdi gia thiel qud trinh hda trpn gifla nhien lieu va khdng xay dong thdi vdi qua trinh phdn flng, qua trinh chay dfl((c xem la ddng nhat Phan tfl PFR (Plug Flow Reactor) bieu dien cho vung phan flng dfl(fc xem nhfl d trang thai ly tudng, mdt chieu va \o\ gi.i thtei ^ TAP CHf CO KHf VIET N \M Sd4(Thani:4 ! NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D | khdng tdn tai qua trinh hda trdn gifla nhien heu QUA TRINH HINH THANH KHf THAI CO va khdng MIX (Mixture) bieu dien cho vung hoa trpn gifla nhien lieu vd khdng md khdng Qua trinh hinh CO thay doi ty xdy qua trinh phan flng Phan tfl dau tien le dflong IflOng gifla nhien Ueu va khdng cua md hinh CRN la MIX bieu dien cho vung hda trdn dng pilot lan Iflpt la 2%, 6% vd 10% dfldc xdc dinh gifla nhien lieu va khdng ddu vdo chfla phan theo md hinh CRN phan td (hinh 6) So sanh flng, phan tfl ke tiep la cdc PSR lan Iflpt bieu vdi thflc nghiem cho thay ket qua tfl mo hinh ket dien cho vung ngon Ifla chinh, vung hoi lflu tai hpp CFD-CRN la hodn todn phu hpp K^t qua tim tam cua ngpn Ifla va vung hdi Iflu tai bien dflpc cho thay Iflpng thai CO tang ty le ran PSR thfl bieu diln cho vung phia sau ngpn dflpng Iflpng gifla nhien heu va khdng tang Ifla nhflng vdn tdn tai phan flng chay nhflng phan nhien lieu chfla chdy het hoan todn Cudi cflng la Anh hfldng cua gdc tao xody Id khdng ldn, PFR bieu diln cho vung sdn pham chay phia sau nhien, ket qua cung cho thay Iflpng thai ngpn Ifla nhflng khdng tdn tai phdn flng chay San CO giam gdc tao xody la 45°, cdc trfldng hpp pham chdy sau khdi vung ngpn Ifla chinh khac thi lUpng thai CO deu tang dflpc chia thdnh phan, phan di vdo vung phia CRN P2 1 sau ngpn Ifla chinh, phan di vao vflng hdi lflu tai — • -CRN_P6 • bien ran CRN PIO Sau xay dflng xong md hinh CRN thdnh phan, viec xac dinh gia tri the tich cac vung md hinh CFD Id mpt nhflng thdng sd quan trpng dung lam thdng sd dau vdo cho md hinh CRN The tich vflng ngpn Ida chinh md hinh CFD dflpc xac dinh dfla vao the tich be mat nong dp CO The tich vung hoi lflu tai tam cua ngpn Ifla vd vung hoi lflu tai bien thdnh ran md hinh CFD dflpc xdc dinh dfla vao the tich be mat nhiet dp The tich vung san pham chdy phia sau ngpn Ifla dflpc xdc dinh bdi ket qua dau tinh dflpc tfl md hinh CFD Ngoai ra, thdng sd cdn lai Id lflu Iflpng dflpc lay tfl thflc nghiem • A • ! i i' • ti 55 0,6 O.GS T y l du'tyng Iirong Hinh Thdnh phdn CO khoi buong ddt mo hinh CRN 2000 ISOO (a) Chia viing nggn Ida, goc xody 45", ty le dUdng lUdng ^=0,6 E>p PZ Exp pe Exp_P10 • I • • A lOQO • CRN-P2 500 • t ACRN-P5 • CHN-PIO H6i '"^^ ngQn li/u chmh i^g biftn Vung ngpn Ilia (b) M6 hinh CRN 6phdn td Hinh Mo hinh CRN trUdng hdp dung pilot TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM ngpn li>3 piled Hinh Thdnh phdn CO tai cdc vung nggn Ida thay doi ty le dUdng iUdng (j> mo hinh CRN co gdc ttu xody 45" Sd {Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN CtfU TRAO DOI hon so vdi cdc vung khde zooo 1500 I • • • • CRN-P2 KET LUAN Nghien cflu cho thdy viec ket hpp gifla md hinh CFD vd md hinh CRN cd khd nang dfl dodn chinh xac hdm Iflpng thai CO cdc budng dot cdng nghiep A 1000 SCO • ACRN-P6 • CRN-PIO Ngpn ICra pilot Ng9n '•Ja chmh Sau ngijn ||>a Hm lini bien Sau ngon li>a pilot Viing ngpn lira Hinh Nhiet dd tai cdc vung nggn Ida thay ddi ty le dUdng lUdng md hinh CRN co goc tao xody 45° Gdc tao xoay khdng gdy dnh hfldng nhieu den viec phdt thai hdm Iflpng CO qud trinh chay Tuy nhien, ket qud nghien cflu cho thay vdi gdc tao xoay Id 45" thi Iflpng thdi CO la thap nhat Ham Iflpng thai CO mdi vung thay doi theo ty Ie dflpng Iflpng gifla nhien lieu va khdng cua pilot Nguyen nhdn la ty le dflpng Iflcfng thay ddi thi nhiet dp cua ngpn Ifla cflng thay doi theo Lflpng thdi CO tai mdi vung buong dot vdi gdc tao xoay bang 45°, ty le dflong Ifldng gifla nhi^n lieu va khdng cua pilot lan Iflpt la 2%, 6% vd 10% dflpc xac dinh hinh Lflpng thdi CO thay doi mdi vung Md hinh md phdng ket hpp CFD-CRN ty le dflong Iflpng gifla nhien lieu vd khdng cd the xem nhfl mdt cong cu hflu hieu viec cua pilot thay ddi Dieu Id vi ty Ie dflpng phdn tich va xdc dinh ham Iflpng cac phan lU(?ng thay doi thi nhiet dp vung cung thay thai budng dot cdng nghiep Trong doi theo nhfl minh hpa hinh Nhiet dp tai nghien cflu nay, chl trinh bay phfldng phdp xdc viing hdi Iflu ngodi bien rdn Id nhd nhat, dinh thdnh phan thai CO Id mpt nhflng cho nen Iflpng thai CO cung tflpng ddi nhd thdi dpc hai cho mdi trfldng • Ngay nh^n bdi: 08/3/2013 Ngay phdn bi?n: 16/4/2013 Nguoii phan bien: PGS, TS Ha Minh Hung, Vien Nghien cflu Co khi, Bd Cdng Thflong Tdi lieu tham khao: HI Bragg, S, L.(1953) Application reaction rate theory to combustion chamber analysis, aeronautical research council pub ARC 16170, Ministry of Defense, London, England, 1629-1633 [21- Rubin, P M and Pratt, D T (1991) Zone combustion model development and use: Application lo emissions control American Sosiety of Mechanical Engineers, 91 -IPGC-FACT-25 13) Rutar, T and Malte, P C (2002) NOx formation in high-pressure jet-stirred reactors with significance to lean-premixed combustion turbines, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 124, 776-783, [4| Novosselov, I V (2006) Chemical reactor network modeling of combustion systems Ph.D Dissertation, University of Washington, Settle WA H Park, J, K (2006) Modelling study of the effect of chemical additives on soot precurs .rs reaction, International lournal of Automotive Technology 7,4, 501-508 TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM ... viec ket hpp gifla md hinh CFD vd md hinh CRN cd khd nang dfl dodn chinh xac hdm Iflpng thai CO cdc budng dot cdng nghiep A 1000 SCO • ACRN-P6 • CRN- PIO Ngpn ICra pilot Ng9n ''•Ja chmh Sau ngijn... Exp_P10 • I • • A lOQO • CRN- P2 500 • t ACRN-P5 • CHN-PIO H6i ''"^^ ngQn li/u chmh i^g biftn Vung ngpn Ilia (b) M6 hinh CRN 6phdn td Hinh Mo hinh CRN trUdng hdp dung pilot TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM ngpn... nguyen ly Khongktuchay Khongkhilam mat d u g pilot I d n g cap L ^ chinh (b) M6 hinh thUc nghiem Hmh Mo hinh buong dot cong nghiep XAY DtfNG MO HINH CFD- CRN 2.1 Mo hinh thifc nghiem So dd nguyen