Tgp chi Khoa hpc Tnrang Dgi hge Cdn Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Tic nhien Cdng nghe vd Mdi trit&ng: 30 (2014) • 30-38 Tap chf Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thd •website: sj.ctu.edu.vn TINH TOAN THIET KE SILO TON TRU* CAM VIEN NANG SUAT 500 TAN Nguyin Van Cuang' va Nguyen Hoai Tan^ ' Khoa Cong nghe, Trudng Dgi hgc Can Tho ^ Hgc vien cao hgc Co Chi tgo mdy K2010, Khoa Cong nghe, Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tho Thdng tin chung: Ngdy nhdn: 25/06/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 25/02/2014 TUle: Design of rice bran pellet storage silo with capacity of 500 ions Tie khoa: Silo, silo ton trif, thiit ki silo, silo ton trie cdm viin Keywords: Silo, storage silo, silo design rice bran pellet storage silo ABSTRACT A storage silo nowcuiays is known as a useful device for storing raw materials and products of rice and rice bran oil processing plants in the Mekong Delta However, most existing storage silos at the plant were imported with high investment costs, and lacked ventilation inside the silo, especially those for rice bran storage in rice bran oil processing plants The objective of this study is to design a rice bran storage silo with capacity of 500 tons for the storage and preservation of rice bran for bran oil extraction process This designed silo is based on Eurocode standards, having the ability lo withstand winds of 160 km/h and earthquake of magnitude between to on the Richter scale The designed silo also has the ventilation structures to decrease and limit the rehydration of the product, prevent clots and clogs when storing bran pellets The designed silo has the diameter of 8.09 m; the overall height of 7.73 m; and the wal thickness of 10 mm, mm, and mm, respectively at different heights The silo is made of CT3 plate sleel This investment cost is lower than that of imported silos TOM TAT Silo ton trir duac xem Id mot thiet bi huu hiiu cho viic ton trir nguyin lieu, sdn phdm a cdc nhd mdy sdn xudt, che bien liia ggo, ddu cdm a Dong bdng song Ciru Long hien Tuy nhiin, hdu hit cdc silo ton trie hien co a cdc nhd mdy deu nhdp tir nude ngodi, chi phi ddu tu cao, co nhugc diim viic thong thodng gio ben silo ton trir, dgc biet doi vdi silo ton trie cdm viin cdc nhd mdy che biin ddu cdm Muc tiiu cua nghien ciru la thiit ki silo chira cdm vien vdi ndng sudt chua 500 tdn nhdm ton trie, bdo qudn phuc vu cho qud trinh trich ly ddu cdm Thiet ke ndy dya theo tiiu chudn Eurocode, vdi khd ndng chiu diroc sire gio 160 km/gid vd dgng ddt -^7 richte Thiit ke co bg phgn thong po silo nhdm khd ndng chong hut dm trd lgi ciia sdn phdm, han che khd ndng von cue, tdt silo qud trinh ton trii ciia cdm viin Kit cdu silo dgt duac cd kich thudc dudng kinh 8,09 m; tong chiiu cao 27,73 m; bi ddy thdnh silo ldn luat Id 10 mm, mm vd mm tuang img vdi timg cao khdc vdi vdt lieu che tgo Id thep tdm CT3 Chi phi ddu tu gidm nhiiu so vdi vdi thiit bi nhdp ttr nude ngodi Tgp chi Khoa hpc Tmong Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ttt nhien Cong nghe va Moi truang: 30 (2014): 30-38 GIOI THIEU Silo Id mdt dang thilt bi bdo qudn kin thudng dugc Sli dung dl du tru luong tiiuc d quy md ldn tir vdi trdm din vdi ngan tdn Vdi vai ttd quan ttgng ttong cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep chl bien, silo cd the dimg dl luu trif nhilu loai vdt lieu khde nMu tir sdn phdm ndng nghiep nhu Iiia, gao, cdc loai hat den cdc sdn phdm cdng nghigp nhu xi mdng, than vd mdt sd lo?i nguyen vdt lieu khdc Silo dd duge phdt trien tir thi ky 19, eho den da ed rdt nhilu nghign cuu vg kha ndng ung dung ciJng nhu cac dac tinh ket cau cua silo Thuc tl cho thdy rdng frong qud trinh sii dung silo, ed nhilu vdn de cdn dugc quan tdm nghien cuu nhu dg bien dang eua silo, khd nang thdng thodng gio ttong silo, kgt cau thdnh silo, cung nhu khd ndng ddng vdn ciia sdn phdm bao qudn, va cac van dg Iign quan khde Wong Hong Wu da nghien ciiu, phdn tich tTnh vd ddng hgc eiia ddng chay eae loai vdt lieu silo, md hinh hda qud ttinh nhdp va thao lieu khoi silo, dua nhimg phuong phap sd nhdm du dodn iing sudt bgn ttong silo vdt lieu chda tgo dudi tdc ddng cua digu kign mdi trudng (Wong Hong Wu, 1990) Viec phdn tich cdu ttiic ciia silo thep bdng phucmg phap phan tii hiiu hcin cung da dugc nghien cuu nhdm ndng cao su hieu biet ve su bien dang vd su dd sup eua silo ttong qud trinh tdn trii, tir cd bien p h ^ hd ttg tdt hon cho viec thigt kg vd xdy dung silo (Hongyu Li, 1994) Tdc gid dd ket ludn rang mdt silo ddy du gdm ed vd hinh tru va dng cdn dido lieu va vdm cdn che phia ttgn dng vd hinh tru Md binh dnh hudng cua rung ddng den ddng chdy ciia da vdi CaCOs ttong he thing silo chiia da dugc nghign cuu (Jesper K 2008) Hign nay, cdc silo cd nang sudt chira ldn dugc Sli dung d edc cdng ty, xi nghigp ttong nude da phdn dugc nhdp tir nude ngodi Mdt sd nghign ciru vg silo bdo quan cung da dugc thuc hien bdi cdc nhd nghidn ciiu vd chuyen gia ttong nude Nhdm nghign eiiu cua Trudng DHBK TPHCM da chl tao thdnh cdng he thdng silo bdo qudn cdc loai hat ndng sdn xudt khdu quy md 250 tdn vdo ndm 2003 (Bili Song Cdu, 2003), ddy la he thdng silo dau tien duge sdn xudt ttong nude, vd dugc ldp ddt tai chg trung tdm ndng san Long An; nhien silo dimg ehlia liia - gao, khdng ed he thdng thdng gid bgn ttong Viec xay dung chuang ttinh tinh toan silo dung ngdn ngu APDL (ANSYS Paramettie Design Language) va Visual Basis da dugc thuc hien ndm 2010 (Nguygn Tudng Long, 2010), dl tai da xay dung mgt chuong trinh tinh todn, kilm tta bin, hudng toi viec tdi uu edc bdn thilt kl silo Cdm gao chiem khoang 8% ttgng lugng h?t liia, chiia hdu hit lugng dau va phdn ldn lugng chdt dam, cde chdt khoang, vitamin, va chdt xo tieu hoa dugc ttong hat Ihde Ham lugng dau edm gao udc tinh khodng 18% Tuy nhien, cdng n^g xay xdt, chi co khoang 3% edm gao cd thi sii: dung dl trich ly ddu, tuong duang 3,5 trieu tdn ddu tho (www.wilmar-agro.com.vn) Theo tdng cue thdng ke, hai^ nam Viet Nam cd s ^ lugng khoang ttgn 47 trieu tdn lua, tten 28 trieu tki gao va hon trieu tdn edm (www.gso.gov.vn); dd, chi co khodng 500 ngan tdn cdm dat phdm chdt dugc sii dung ttong cdng nghiep sdn xudt ddu dn Da so cdc doanh nghigp sdn xudt lua - gao, ddu cam deu tin trii cam ttong bao ehiia 50 kg chdt thdnh cdy frong kho Vi thi, cam rdt dg bi dm mde, cdn trung pha hoai, giam chdt lugng va tdn thdt ngu khdng dugc thdng thoang va bao qudn tdt Mdt sd nhd mdy san xudt ddu cam dd su dung silo tdn frtr ngoai iil%, ehi phi ddu tu cao, ylu digm kJ thuat la khdng c6 hg thdng thdng gid, gdy viee vdn cue, bam dftih vao silo Cdng ty TNHH Wilmar Agio Viet Nam, Chi nhdnh Thdt Ndt va Can Tho, da ddu tir silo dugc thidt kg va che tao bdi cdng ty REKANA - Malaysia, nang sudt chiia tir khoang 400 den 450 tan, gid che tao lap ddt khodng 2,6 ty ddng (nam 2011) Theo kgt qua phdng vdn til can bd ky thuat cua cdng ty, nhugc diem cua silo la nhiet d? ttong silo cao, silo bi nghet hign tugng vdn cyc cua cdm, dgng dm ttgn silo Vdi muc tiSu thigt kg silo de che tao silo ngi dia gid h?, co he thdng thdng gid ben ttong, khde phuc cdc nhugc digm hien tai; nghign ciiu ndy nhdm tinh todn va thigt ke cdi tien silo tdn trir nang sudt 500 tdn, diing bao quan cam d nha mdy sdn xuat ddu cdm hien d DBSCL V4T LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP THIET KE 2.1 Vat lieu che tao silo Dua vao dac tinh ciia vdt ligu tdn ttit, tinh ket cdu cua silo; vat lieu duge chgn dl chl tao silo la thep tdm CT3 vdi bg day khae dugc tinh: toan dam bdo edc dilu kign bin cua silo Phdn mong cdt cho silo dugc Idm bdng vdt lieu be tdng cdt thep mac 250 2.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu Phuang phap luge khdo edc tdi ligu vg eo sd lij thuyet ttong Unh toan, thilt kl va bdo qudn bdn|; silo; eac t^ lieu nghign ciiu vl silo da edng bo Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dai hgc Can Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Ty nhien Cong nghe vd Moi tnt&ng: 30 (2014): 30-38 dugc Sli dung de ldm eo so thilt kl Ngodi ra, viec khdo sat thuc tl cdc silo chiia cam vign hien cd, phdng vdn ehuygn gia cua mdt sd nhd may sdn xudt dau cam tai Cdn Tha eiing dugc thue hien dl ldm casd cho vigc tinh toan vd thilt kl, cdi tiln Ban ve thiet kg eua silo dugc thuc hien dua ttgn phdn mim AutoCAD va Inventor Qui trinh tinh todn thilt kl silo dugc thi hien qua sa dd chung nhu Hinh Thiet ke Sff bg Tinh toan ap lire tac dgng len silo Tinh toan sue ben ciia silo Hinh 2: D^c tnmg hinh hgc ciia silo Tinh toan thong gio silo Tinh toan nen mong cho silo Hinh 1: Qui trinh thiet ke silo Qua trinh thilt kl dga ttgn chudn EuroCode Ddy la tidu chuan dugc thiet lap bdi cac nude thdnh vien eiia khdi edng ddng chdu Au (EU) nhdm thdng nhdt ede tieu ehudn kJ thudt vg kgt cau frong nhigu linh vue 1^ thugt, ttong dd ed kgt edu cho vigc tinh todn thiet ke vd xdy dung silo TINH TOAN THIET KE SILO 3.1 Thiet kl so bg silo Viec thilt kl so bg vd chgn so dd silo ed y nghia quan ttgng cho ede buoc tinh toan, thiet kg ehinh xac ede bd phdn ciia silo Xudt phat tir yeu edu nang sudt chiia Id 500 tdn, silo thilt ke dugc lua chgn Id silo dang tru ttdn day hinh chdp dung mdi ghep hdn de Idm kin, kich thudc so b^ ciia silo dugc tirdi todn vdi phdn: dinh day va than silo Cdc dde trung hinh hge ciia silo cdn thilt kl dua tren chudn EuroCode dugc the hien d Hinh - mat phdng tuang duong, - than silo, - vi tri tigp gidp giua than vd day silo he: chieu cao tinh toan tru ttdn, ht: chilu cao day silo, A^- chigu cao tdng edng, ho: sdu tuong duang cua khdi hat d phdn dinh.fa^,:do eao tdng cdng ciia khdi hat tten phdn dinh, dc: dudng kinh silo, r : ban kinh ttong eiia silo, t : be day vach silo, ^j.: gde ma sdt nghi cua vdt ligu, /?: gde nghieng day silo Dudng kinh ciia ciia silo dugc xde djnh theo cdng thiic 1: Dg=0,25h^ (1) He sd dnh hudng eua ff dugc xac dinh: f , j ^ i l * m ) (2) LTng sudt tuang duong tac dimg ldn thdnh silo Trong do: y : ttgng lugng rieng ciia vdt lieu chua (chgn - 80 kg/m' vdi cam vien cd dm -^ 10%) Q = 0,8 : he sd tdi ttgng f^: He sd ma sat ciia vdt lieu vdi thdnh silo m; he sd dac tnmg binh hgc, m = vdi silo ed Ciia thao dang ttdn Vdi digu kien ciia cua silo: I; Khoa hpc Ttr nhien Cong ngh? va Moi tniong: 30 (2014): 30-38 Tap chi Kliaa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha D,z- Ap lire tac dung theo phuong tilp tuyin: f y{\ + m) Vdi ndng sudt chiia 500 tdn, thi fr'ch can thigt P.f=^^-PkJM) (4) Ap luc tdc dung theo phuang dung; kl Id: V = ^ = i 2 I m ^ ; Cac gid tti: " y 0,48 (5) = 6,5 m; he = 18 m; dc = 8,09 m: ho - 0,81 m; DB = m dugc xac dinh Ap lue tac d\mg theo phuang dung tinh 3.2 Tinh toan ap Igc Viec tinh todn nhiJng ap lue tdc dung Idn silo cd P.f = Pyf-Q (6) y nghTa quan ttgng ldm ea sd cho viec tinh bgn va chgn kit cdu silo Viec tinh toan duge thuc hien Trong do: dua ttgn CO sd ly thuyet tinh toan va thigt ke silo theo chudn EuroCode Hinh thi hien cac dp lire p^ - y k z f, : gia tri dp luc tai miic cao tdc dung ldn thdnh vdeh silo ttong qua trinh tdn trii nhdt ho ung vdi vdt lieu tiep xiic vdi vdeh Vdt ligu chg tao silo Id thep tam CT3 co ung sudt bin [a- ] = 380 N I mm - ^ 380.10' kN/m- Ap luc _ ^ ^ A = 9,27 m tac dung len silo gdm eo dp lue tde dung len phdn ^" k.p'V than silo (tru ttdn), dp luc tdc dung Ign phdn day A - dien tich tiet dien ngang silo (phlu), dp luc tdc dung silo bi lech tdm vd dp lge tdc dyng siie gid U - ngi chu vi tigt dign 3.2.1 Ap luc tdc dung lin phdn thdn tru iron rj(z) = i-