Nghiên cứu thiết kế chế tạo thiết bị sấy hạt giống ứng dụng gốm bức xạ hồng ngoại giải tần hẹp chọn lọc bằng phương pháp qui hoạch hóa thực nghiệm đơn yếu tố

QUA NGHIEN crtru KH-CN CUA VIEN CPNG NGHE SAU THU HOACH NAM 2001 N G H I E N CUti T H I E T K E C H E T A O T H I E T Bl SAY HAT GIONCJ i X j DUNG (JOM BLIC X A H ( ) N ( J N G O A I (HAI TAN HEP CHON LOG BANG P H U O N ( ; PHAP i ' Q U I H O A C H H O A T H U C N G H I E M DON YEU T O P h a m Diic Viet Vien Cdng nghe sau thu hoach Dua trcn nguyc:n tdc ce")' dinh eac yciu td \a thay ddi me)t sd yeu let khac de' \ae d|iih ;inh hucmg ciia cac yci'u let' bicn thien dc)i vc'ti thc")ng sc") muc lieu, tham dc) khoang nghien ecru eliei phi5p ciia cac yeu tc")' va anh hmmg eua chiing Ic'ti gia tri cue Iri eua ham muc lieu, cJe tai da \ae dinh ductc nic)t sc") yeu td eu the': nhit:l dc), chieu day Ic'tp hai, khoang each tir cac gc'ini tc'ti be mat vat say, khoang each giira cac gom 'lu dc'), da thii;t kc clic tao ihic:i bi say hat gic"ing ling dung gc"im hue xa hc"ing ngoai giai tan ht;p chon loc 'Ihiei hi cc) chi plii nang luctng thap, dam bao chat lucmg say, cho kha nang mam va siic mam cua thc')e cao, van hanh dem gian I DAT VAN Df: Qua trinh lam kho tidng mot vai trd quan anh hue'mg tc'ti chai lucmg san pham Cd nhicu phuetng phap lam khd netng san - thue phdm - hai san, chdng han pheti ndng say dc")i luu, say thang hoa, say tidp xiic (truydn ddn), say eao tan Cae phucmg phap lam khd iron eo nhung nhucte diem sau: - Thai gian say kc:c) dai - Chi phf nang luctng le'm - Chat luemg san phdm khong dam bao: lam ldn thai mot phan chat luemg ban dau eiia san phdm bao ge)m tPn thai ca chai dinh duetng ldn cac hoat chat sinh hoc '' - - F - Khetng lam kho hoan loan cac vai liciu sinh hoc nen han ehdthcM gian bao quan Phai dung boa chai dd bao quan nen gay dpc hai eho eon ngucii Khetng bao loan cau tnic ciia deti tucmg say Nhung nhuetc diem trcn duetc khac phuc nhetcc")ng nghcj say meti: Say bang gc")'m biic xa hdng ngetai giai tdn he;p chpn loc (BXI INC'D ICL) Tie'n si Rakhime't'p va cac ce)ng su ciia etng da nghien ciru che' tao ccing cac loai vat lieu gdm co cac tinh chat ky dieu la kha nang phat buc xa hdng ngoai ve'ti nhung giai setng nhai djnh nung ndng Sang ehe ductc ung dung nhieu linh vuc ciia nen kinh lc quc'ie dan II T H i f r i Kf: ( H E l A O T H I K I BI SAY T H U C N t H I I L M 2.1 C o s d thiet ke 2.1.1 C h o n kidu thiet bj say De phd hetp vd nang suai ciia mc^t thiet bi sdy thf nghitjm dem gian vc kcl cau, dc che lao, chung toi chon loai ihidt bj say tinh, kieu bucing nang suai iOOkg/me 2.1.2 Chpn loai ngudn nhiet cung cap cho BXHNTJTHCL 307 Cd the lao ngudn nhiet cung cdp cho BXHNGTHCL chiing tPi chpn ngudn nhiet cung cap B X H N C J T I I C L bdng gei'm, nguon nhiet la dien trd 2.1.3 Tinh toan nhiet Muc dfch tfnh loan nhict la dd biet duetc dien nang cdn thiet cung cap cho qua trinh sdy qua ti'nh duttc sd lupng ge)m BXHNGTHCL Idp dat thiet bj sdy 2.1.4 Xac djnh cac kich thudc co ban cua thiet bj say Qua tfnh toan nhict, chpn nang suat thie't bj, tii dd xac djnh dupe kich thudre co ban eua thidt bj 2.1.5 Chpn thiet bj dieu khidn Dd CO the thay ddi dupe nhict dp, khdng chd dupe nhiet dd miic khdng ddi chiing tdi Idp dat he thdng dieu khien tu ddng 2.2 Mo ta thiet bj say thuc nghiem '•' ' Thiei bj say gdm BXHNGTHCL gt)m eae b() phan ehinh sau: * Budng sd'y: Budng sdy gdm khung ldng vao nhau, cac khung dupe lien kdt vdi bang eae thep gtic (Zae thep gctc va vach Irong eua budng sdy lam bdng thdp inox dd dam bao ve sinh an loan thuc phdm, vach ngoai dupe lam bdng thep trang kem, lien ket vdi khung bang vft, giua vach va vach ngoai lot Ic^ bong thuy tinh each nhiet Buong say ed 10 del cho 20 khay say Budng say cd cira (sau, true'tc), tao dieu kidn cho qua trinh thao tac dupe thuan loai Cac cua cung duetc lot ldp bong thuy tinh each nhiet * Khay sdy: Khay sdy cd kfch thucic: Cao: 60mm; Rpng: 500mm; Dai: 600mm; Day khay dupe lam bdng ludi thep khong ri dupe ban ve'ti khung lam bdng thcSp khong ri * Thanh gdm: Day la be) phan bite xa cung cap nhiet qua trinh say, gom 66 thanh, Idp 11 dan, co kich thucic cua GBXHNCTTI ICL: cj) = 10mm; L = 1000mm; Dien trd R = 3on '^ Bd phdn dieu khien nhiet dt): BP phdn dieu khien nhicit dp cua Nhat, dieu khidn nhict dp dn djnh sudt qua trinh sdy theo mil dieu khien nhict dp dat trudc, dupe hidn thj len man hinh Ngoai cd cac den bao hicu bao cho biet tinh trang hicn tai cua thiei bi Cac theing sd ky thuat ciia thiet bi say thi nghicim: - Cong suai : 3,5kw ^ 5,6kw : 100kg hal/mc - Nang suat - Nhiet dp Kfch thudc may Kfch thudc khay Sd khay Se) gei'm birc xa UN : 3.5°C ^ 75''C : 1650 x 1800 x 650 : 500 x 600 x 60 : 20 : 66 - Kfch thuc'tc GRXIINGTIICL: cj) = 10; L = 1000 IIL CAC CHI TIEU CAN DO VA THIET BI DO 3.1 Cac chi tieu can - Do nhiclH dp: Nhiet dc) cua khdng moi truetng t„, nhict dP cua khong khf budng sdy t,, nhiet dci khf thai t^, nhict dp ciia hat liic vao 9,, nhiel dP eua hat luc 9^ 308 Do dp dm tuong dP'i cua khdng ep,, dp dm cua khong khf thai ep2 Do dp dm eiia hat dua vao say cOj va dp dm cua hat sau sdy co^ - Do dien nang tieu thu cung cap cho eae GBXHNGTHCL Do tdc dp ciia khPng khf thoat khdi thiet bj sdy de tinh lupng nhiet thoat khdi thiet bj - Do chidu day Idp hat - Do khoang each tii cae GBXHNGTHCL den be mat ldp hat - Do khoang each giiia eae GBXHNGTHCL - Theo ddi thdi gian sdy - Xac djnh kha nang ndy mdm va siic mam eia thdc 3.2 Cac loai thiet bj Do dp am eua thdc bang may dp d.m dien tu Grainer cua hang Kelt cua Nhat Mdi mdu khP'i lue;mg lOOg thiet bj cd sai sd ± 0,1% Do dp dm tuong ddi ciia mPi trudng khPng va eua khong thoat khdi thiet bj sa'y bang dm kd tu dpng eua Diie Thiet bj ed sai sd ± 0,5% Do nhiet dp tren be mat hat va nhiet dc) khf thai bdng ddng hd nhiet dp loai cam ling eua Nhat Sai sd eua ddng hd ± 0,5% Do dien nang tieu thu bang Watt kd ed sai sd eua ddng bd ± IW can khdi Iuc;mg thdc trude say va sau say bdng can dien tii Xac djnh kha nang mdm va siic mdm theo tieu chudn TCVN 1700 - 86 Do chidu day ldp thdc say, khoang each tir cac GBXHNGTHCL den be mat kip thdc say, khoang each giiia cac GBXHNGTHCL bdng thudc Theo doi thdi gian say bdng ddng hd bdm day, sai so cho phep ± giay IV TIEN H A N H THI NGHIEM Thf nghiem dupe thuc hien tai tram gid'ng Yen Dinh - Thanh IIt)a Dc cd se") lieu chfnh xac, thuan tien qua trinh xu ly so lieu, chiing tPi ehi chpn mpt loai thdc gid'ng dem vao say thf nghiem: Dd la loai thoc nhj uu 63 Theo eae tai lieu nudc ngoai thi sa'y bang cdng nghe GBXlINCniCL rat hieu qua d giai doan am ndm hat, d trang thai lien kei vat ly Trong giai doan neu say bdng cac phucmg phap say tbPng dung tbi thdi gian say keo dai, chat lupng san phdm kem, giam nang suai thiei bj, tang ehi phi san xudt De giam dien nang tieu thu, giam ehi phi qua trinh say, tang chat luctng san pham trudc dua vao say thiet bi GBXHNGTHCL chiing tdi phai lam khd so bP bang each phoi, thPng thoang bdng mat, eho dm thdc dem vao say co,, < 17%, sau dd theo doi qua trinh say eho den ket thiic qua trinh say o^ = 13% (dp dm bao quan an loan), sa'y giam 4% dp am V PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU THI NGHIEM DON YEU TO sa'y bang GBXPINCniCL mdi dupe nghien ciiu ling dung d Viet Nam \^i vay de cd eae dCi lieu phd hgp eho viec nghien ciiu thuc hien phucmg phap quy hoach hoa thi nghiem giai bai toan nhidu muc tieu, ngoai viec tham khao tai lieu cua nude ngoai, thu thap y kien cua cae chuyen gia can phai nghien cUu thi nghiem don ye'u td nguyen tdc chung cua phuong phap nay: CP' djnh cac ydu tP' khac va thay dPi mPt sP' ye'u tP' de xac djnh anh hudng cua cac yeu td bien thien dd tcii 309 thPng sd muc tieu Qua d6 tham dupe khoang nghidn cihi cho phep cua cac ydu t6 va anh hudng tdi gia tri cue tri cua ham muc tieu Sau CO ke't qua nghien cihi thi nghiem chung tPi tidn hanh: Kidm tra gia thidt ddng nhdt phuong sai; tidn hanh thi nghiem lap lai eac didm thi nghiem nhu nhau: m = m, m„ = Vi vay CO thd kidm tra gia thidt ddng nhdt phuong sai theo chuan s6 kohren U-dc lupng phuong sai gia trj quan sat tai mdi didm thi nghiem ngudi ta dupe tinh theo cdng thiic sau: :: ' ;>.: s^- "'D — -Z(y.-y)^ m„-l.=i Trong dd y„i: gia trj thdng sd d diem u, Idn lap lai thii i y~ : gia trj Uung binh thuc nghiem eua thPng sd didm u — y„-—Zya.;"i.2 N m i=i Uhg vdi N didm thi nghiem ke hoach thue nghiem c6 N udc lap S J Trong dd luPn luPn tdn tai gia trj Idn nhdt S^,, va gia trj nhd nhdt S ^ , Chudn Kohren la chudn dd kidm tra gia thidt khdng vd tfnh ddng nhdt phuong sai giiia eac bd chpn tap hpp day du, bdng each so sanh udc lupng Idn nhdt S^^ eua phuong sai vdi tdng tdt ca udc lap phuong sai eiia cae bd theo G sP' sau: ;•