Thông tin tài liệu
Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thudt tien md qudc vi su phat ti trien - 2010 ben viing C A I H O A N C A C L O A I X E M A Y L N D E C O T H E SLT D U N G DAU DIEZEN SINH HOC GS.TS Carsten Drebenstedt, Dr J Jauer, T r u a n g dai hoc k y thuat Bergakademie Freiberg, C H L B D u e Tdm tat: Ddi nguoc vdi bdi canh trir luong cd han cua cdc khoang sdn ddu md hda thach cung nhu khd nang cd the diing duoc tren binh dien qudc te cua thirc vdt cd chira ddu vd trir hrqng ddu md, nhirng su phat trien hien tai linh virc sdn xudt ddu diezen sinh hoc (bio-diesel) vd cdc dieu kien qudc te de giam luong COj thoat ra, bdo cdo vdi muc dich kiem tra sir thich hop cua ddu diezen sinh hoc phuc vu cho viec cung cap nhien lieu cho thiet bi md trd hien thuc hay khong Viec kiem tra se tap trung vao chat dot sinh hoc, vao su td chirc can thiet de chu ddng trang bi them nhirng bd phdn may mdc mdi qua trinh hoo* ddng, cung nhu vao su tham tra dd chinh xdc cua cdc van de ky thudt chuyen ddi vd cdc tiem nang tiet kiem dd dat duoc mot each thirc te Viec kiem tra duoc tien hanh d mot md Id thien ddu tien tren the gidi, noi dd chuyen ddi toan bd phuong tien, thiet bi khai thdc sang sir dung nhien lieu bang ddu diezen sinh hoc Dd la md Id thien Lichtenberg duoc dieu hanh bdi chi nhanh Ronneburg cua cdng ty Wismut GmbH, CHLB Dire Tic khoa: Ddu diezen sinh hoc, ddng bd thiet bi, md Id thien M6 ta ngan gon dac tinh cua dau diezen sinh hoc D a u diezen sinh hoc dap u n g 100% tieu chuan E N 14214, la m o t sir thay the thich hop cho dau diezen hoa thach theo tieu chuan E N 590 D i e u ap d u n g cho cac qua trinh hoat dong sudt ca n a m v a cung cho nhiet thap den - ° C Rape m e t h y l ester, m o t loai dau diezen sinh hoc tir ba nho co cac t i n h chat t u o n g t u cac loai n h i e n l i e u diezen, co the duoc sir d u n g t r o n g cac d o n g c o diezen hien dai m a k h o n g can su sira d o i nao ca [ ] K h i d u o c so sanh v o i dau diezen hoa thach, dau diezen sinh hoc it nhat la tuong d u o n g , neu k h o n g n o i la co n h i e u thuan l o i h o n B a n g t r i n h bay s u so sanh cac thong so m o i t r u o n g dupe lira c h o n d o i v a i dau diezen sinh hoc va dau diezen hoa thach Bang 1: So sanh cdc thdng so mdi trudng duoc lua chon ddi vdi ddu diezen sinh hoc vd ddu diezen hda thach [2] T h o n g so m o i t r u d n g Danh gia chat lirong thong so Phat tan HC, CO Rat cao Rat cao Phat tan N O Lugng va muoi phat tan Rat cao Phat tan Andehyt va Xeton Cao Phat tan poly-cyclic aromatic hy- Cao drocarbons j— Kha nang bi vi khuan lam cho thoi Rat cao rua & kha nang nguy hiem cho nude v,r J Hang hoa nguy hiem Rat cao Ti'nh chat nhdn Cao Viec sir dung than trgng tai nguyen Rat cao sulfur Rat cao r \ ' " Cao Cac ket qua sinh thai hgc (can bang nang lugng) x 206 Dau diezen sinh hoc Co lgi Co lgi khong nhieu Co lgi Co lgi khong nhieu Co l g i D a u diezen hoa thach Co lgi khong nhieu Co lgi -* Co lgi khong nhieu Co loi —• > • Co lgi khong nhieu Co lgi ' Co lgi khong nhieu Co Co Co Co Co i Co lgi khong nhieu Co lgi khong nhieu * Co lgi khong nhieu Co lgi khong nhieu Co lgi khong nhieu lgi lgi loi lgi lgi Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tien md quoc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben vung P h u o n g p h a p c h u y e n d i t h a n h d a u diezen s i n h hoc D l sir d u n g d i u diezen sinh hoc n h u m o t n h i e n l i e u , viec quan l y phai de xuat sang k i l n cai t i l n d u o i cac k h i a canh k y thuat, k i n h te va m o i t r u o n g , n h u n g cung phai quan tam d i n n h i e m v u cua nhan v i e n Cac k h a m pha khoa hoc va chuyen gia k h o a hoc t r o n g l i n h vuc d i u diezen sinh hoc phai duoc bo t r i ciing nhau, viec t i e n hanh thuc te phai duoc phan t i c h va k i n h n g h i e m t h u duoc phai duoc u u t i e n ap dung cho thiet b i k y thuat V i e c c h u y l n d l i toan bo thiet b i k h a i thac tir dau diezen hoa thach sang sir dung dau diezen sinh hoc d o i h o i t i t ca cac yeu to anh h u o n g c h i n h co the co sir tac dong len cac qua trinh cong nghe va hoat dong hang d u o i cac k h i a canh n h i e n l i e u phai c h i u m o t sir tham tra gan h o n va d u n g m u c h o n Bang cung cap sir k h a i quat ve t h o i gian bieu va chien l u p c x e m xet cua viec c h u y l n d l i nhien l i e u va m i n h hoa cac cong viec c h i tiet can dupe l a m k h i x i r l y cac v a n de rieng le Bang 2: Thdi gian bieu vd chien luoc xem xet viec chuyen ddi sang sir dung ddu diezen Giai doan cua dir an Sir kiem t r a cac dieu kien chung Kiem t r a sir thuc hien Thuc hien dir an Cong nghe Mo ta so luge nhien lieu, kha nang co the diing dugc cua nhien lieu, cac dieu kien cua dgng co Thiet bj lira chon, nhan lire, kha nang co the dung dugc ciia cac bg phan dir phong chat lugng ciia dau Giai doan thir nghiem, lira chon thiet bj chuyen doi toan bo L i n h vuc xem xet K i n h te To chiic Danh gia cac kha nang tiet kiem Phan tich lgi ich ve chi phi, cac gioi han ve ngan quy Dir an phac thao de quan Sir tieu thu dau diezen, ghi dir lieu, nguon them vao cho nhan cong bao duong & sira chira, phi ton tham tra (ghi lai cac ket qua) Ke hoach tong the, linh trinh chuyen doi, huan luyen nhan lire, bao cao dir an sinh Moi truong Danh gia cac ket qua sinh thai hgc ly Ghi du lieu, cac ky thuat ghi du lieu, hinh the ciia cac ket qua sinh thai hgc Trong cac nghien c u u chi tiet ciia qua trinh chuyen doi bao g o m cac cau h o i khac nhau, v i du: - Kha nang co the diing dugc ciia d i u diezen sinh hgc: kha nang co the sir dung san xuat d i u diezen sinh hoc, su kiem tra va dieu chinh chat lugng d i u diezen, viec cung ling nhien lieu - D o n g co: xac d i n h cac v i t r i theo tuan va qua t r i n h dieu c h i n h ; d i e u c h i n h viec cung cap nhien lieu; lgc n h i e n lieu, thay d o i dau, b a m sat phan t i c h l i e n quan den thiet b i str dung nhien lieu, cac v a n de phap l y ; 207 Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc mo tien kT thuat tien mo qudc vi sir phat te - trien 2010 bin vung - Quan l y : sir chuan b i sa chuyen d o i v a i cac hoat d o n g thir n g h i e m , sir quan ly cac giai doan thir n g h i e m , sir chuan b i cac ke hoach tong the, viec lira c h o n cac m a y moc chinh yeu, thuc day d o n g lire va nang lire nhan v i e n , dieu c h i n h k h o chira va x u a n g sira chua, dieu c h i n h qua t r i n h , quan l y tai nan, r u i r o , - T i n h toan h i e u qua: xac d i n h cac anh h u o n g ve k i n h te (dau t u , t i e u diing, bao duong, cung irng, quan l y , ) , xac d i n h dir l i e u dau vao, g h i d u l i e u , phan t i c h d u lieu, bao cao k i n h te - Cac ket qua sinh thai hoc: xac d i n h cac tac dong, xac d i n h cac c h u a n g t r i n h l u o n g , g h i dir lieu, phan t i c h dir lieu, danh gia cac tac dong m o i t r u d n g N g h i e n c i i u t h i r n g h i e m Phuong phap chuyen d d i tir dau diezen hda thach sang dau diezen sinh hoc se duoc m i n h hoa d v i d u ciia m o t sd l u o n g l d n thiet b i k h a i thac m d d i ddng da sir dung cac cdng viec dong cira m d tai m d Id thien U r a n i u m L i c h t e n b e r g b d i cdng t y W i s m u t , C H L B Dire M u c t i e u ciia d y an la hoan thd phuc h d i lai canh quan m d va sir d u n g m o t phan khu v y c cai tao m d cho t r i e n l a m sinh vat canh l i e n bang n a m 2007 3.1 Thiet bi khai thdc md Cac thiet b i m d k i e u l o a i khac da duoc sir dung t r o n g tap h o p thiet b i chuyen doi nhien lieu sir dung ( H i n h 1) % so dd thuoc sd hiru ciia W i s m u t , 10% dugc thue khoan: - 40 xe tai hang nang, tai t r g n g 52 - 136 t - 15 xe tai t h i i n g t y dd tay l a i true d i i n g , tai trgng 25 + 36 t - may chit tai banh ldp, dung tich gau •* 18 m - 11 may iii banh x i c h , trgng l u g n g 48 - 1001 - may i i i , t r g n g l u o n g 28 4- 60 t - may xiic t h u y l y c , t r g n g l u g n g 30 - 70 t 3.2 Khdi Id thien niem lap ddt phuc hdi tqi mo Hinh 1- Thiet b\ md eff dpng tai md Lichtenberg Lichtenberg M d Id t h i e n L i c h t e n b e r g da dugc k h a i thac b d i cdng t y S D A G W i s m u t khoang tir 1958 va 1977 cho viec k h a i thac quang u r a n i u m V a o n a m 1990, S D A G W i s m u t la nha san x u i t u r a n i u m l d n t h i i ba tren the g i d i (230.000 t quang U2O3) M d Id t h i e n L i c h t e n b e r g dai k m , r d n g k m va sau 240 m M o o n g lai ciia m d 16 thien cu co d u n g t i c h 160 t r i e u m , toan bo k h a i t r u d n g m d Id t h i e n c h i e m dien t i c h khoang 160 K h o a n g 76 t r i e u m d i t da da thai da dugc l i p lai vao m o o n g k h a i thac Id thien tinh den nam 1991 Cac hoat d d n g ciia S D A G W i s m u t da b i c h i m dirt vao thang n a m n a m 1991 tren ca sd thoa thuan giua C H L B D i i c va L i e n X (cu) D i e u da m d d u d n g cho viec chuyen doi S D A G W i s m u t W i s m u t G m b H , mot cdng ty dya tren ca sd luat phap cua C H L B Due Cdng tac phuc h d i m o i t r u o n g d mot v i i n g m d uranium cu da dugc bat dau tai ciing mot thdi diem, v d i ngan quy dugc cung c i p tir chinh phii lien bang cho d y an v d i sd l u g n g 6.200 trieu euro [ ] V i t r i b i l a m nhiem chu yeu ciia m o uranium la thuoc v i i n g Thuringia n o i co mo 16 thien Lichtenberg 120 trieu m d i t da thai dugc d y trir da dugc len ke hoach de di 208 Hoi nghi Cong nghiep r r khoa hoc ki thuat md quoc te - 2010 md tien tien vi su phat trien ben vung chuyen va lap clay vao m o o n g l a i cua m o L i c h t e n b e r g g i u a cac n a m 1991 va 2007 C o n g tac lap clay cac vat l i e u thai phong x a la m o t d u an nhat a chau A u K h o chua dat da thai d u t r u chu yeu a Lederschiefer, la cac loai da phien, p h i e n set va da dugc lay tir tat ca bai thai ( H i n h 2) B2i thai phia BSc 31,3 M m (1998 -2003) Hinh 2: V\ tri cua cdc bdi thai moi lien he vdi md lp thien duoc lap day 3.3 Cdc dieu kien hoat ddng doi vdi thiet bi Toan b g t h i l t b i m o 16 t h i e n Lichtenberg da dugc hoat d g n g bang dau diezen sinh hgc tir nam 2003 d i n 2006 Sau day la cac thong so quan t r g n g cho g i a i doan hoat dong nay: • So g i a l a m viec: hoac m o t tuan, ca, h/ca m o i • N a n g suat ngay: khoang 32.000 m V n g a y • N a n g xuat hang n a m : khoang 10 t r i e u m V n a m • So k m v a n tai hang n a m : khoang 1.8 trieu k m (45 l a n c h u v i cua trai dat) • S i l u g n g m a y moc sir dung: len den 90 m a y moc, thiet b i • tong cong suat dong ca: 60.000 PS • N h i e n l i e u tieu t h u hang ngay: khoang 46.000 l i t / • K h a nang sir d u n g thiet b i : • Theo thoa thuan h o p dong: 86 % • T h u c te da dat dugc: 96 % M o t dac t r u n g dac biet cua viec c h u y l n d l i tap h g p t h i l t b i sang sir dung dau diezen sinh hgc la viec k h o n g co tap hgp t h i l t b i nao tren t h ! g i a i co k i c h ca l a n n h u vay, v o i mot cong suat d o n g ca l a n n h u t h ! va v a i sir da dang v ! k i l u loai d o n g c a v a thiet ke may moc chua tirng d u g c sir d u n g nhien l i e u bang dau diezen sinh hgc v a sir dac biet khong chi rieng chau A u 3.4 Cdc kit qua cua viec chuyen a Bien phap td chuc & ky ddi nhien thudt 209 lieu sir dung Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tien md qudc vi su phat te - triin 2010 bin vung Mot ke hoach tong the da dugc vach di chuan bi cho viec chuyln dli nhien lieu sir dung Cac giai doan thir n g h i e m va m o t d o i l a m viec t h u o n g true t r o n g c o n g t y da dugc chung nhan la co b i e n phap to chuc cong de mang l a i m o t su ho t r g ben canh dir an V i e c chuyen d o i da dugc len ke hoach theo m o t t i l n t r i n h h a i g i a i doan, nghia la nhien lieu dau diezen hoa thach dugc thay the tirng buoc bang d i u diezen sinh hgc tren co so cua m o t ban ke hoach t o n g the D i e u l a m cho chung ta co kha nang theo d o i va ghi lai cac qua t r i n h ciia dir an bat k y t h a i d i e m nao va de d o i m o t each c h g n lgc v o i m g i van de xay V a i % so l u g n g m a y moc co kha nang sir d u n g dau diezen sinh hgc dugc dam bao t r o n g suot qua t r i n h thuc hien dir an, m o t t y le kha nang sir d u n g t u o n g tir n h u doi v o i v o i cac m a y m o c d u g c cung cap n h i e n l i e u bang dau diezen hoa thach H i n h minh hga trang thai ban dau, ke hoach va toan canh m o sau phuc h o i vao n a m 2007 ciia dir an phuc h o i canh quan m o 16 t h i e n L i c h t e n b e r g Hinh 3: a) trqng thdi bat ddu nam 1993, b) thiit ki ddng cua md va c) trqng thdi nam 2007 D e d a m bao kha nang co the sir dung m i i c cao m a y m o c thiet b i qua t r i n h chuyen d o i sang sir d u n g dau diezen sinh hgc tai m g i t h a i d i e m , mat bang phan xuong sira chua da dugc cai tao theo k i p ke hoach t o n g the M o t loat cac m o i quan t a m quan trgng, cac v a n de to chiic dugc m o n g d o i va k i n h n g h i e m da t h u d u g c tir viec sir dung thiet b i v o i nhien l i e u dau diezen da dugc dua t r o n g qua t r i n h x e m xet Cac b i quyet cong nghe a phan x u o n g , nghia la k i n h n g h i e m t h u dugc tir viec sir dung thiet b i v o i d i u diezen hoa thach da dugc sir dung D i e u l a m hg co dugc cac l g i i c h tir cac tiem nang tiet k i e m m o n g d g i D e l a m dugc dieu nay, cac no lire da tap trung chu yeu vao kha nang co the sir dung true tiep cac vat lieu lgc nhien lieu va vao viec tiep can v o i vien nghien ciiu du t u each co kha nang k i e m tra b o i t r o n cua dau cho cac dong ca b Su thich hop vd khd nang cd thi su dung ciia ddu diezen sinh hoc lam nhien lieu H i e n t a i , k h o n g co m o t sir ep buoc quan t r g n g nao ve k y thuat v a k i n h te co the ngah can viec sir d u n g dau diezen sinh hgc t r o n g cac d o n g ca, sau k h i no da dugc sir dung rat cong cho tap h o p thiet b i cua W i s m u t G m b H Cac that bai ve mat cong suat dong co gia t r i nhiet thap h o n cua dau diezen sinh hgc la k h o n g dang ke v a k h o co the dugc cac qua t r i n h hoat dong thirc t l T i n h l a u ben ciia cac bo lgc se k h o n g thay doi, viec cung cap cac bo lgc t h i c h h g p dugc sir dung Se k h o n g co sir thay d o i nao ve khoang t h a i gian thay d i u H e t h i n g d i t chay n h i e n l i e u ban d i u d u g c l i p dat da k h o n g chung m i n h dugc la no hoan toan can thiet M o t d i l u h u u i c h cho viec sir d u n g m o t k h l i l u g n g l a n dau diezen s i n h hgc neu n h i e n lieu co kha nang sir d u n g tai v i t r i cung u n g V i e c cung l i n g true tiep tir nha san xuat da dugc chung m i n h gia t r i ciia no K h o chiia d i u diezen sinh hgc k h o n g d u o c k h u y i n n g h i cac 210 Hpi nghi Cong nghiep r r khoa hoc ki thuat mo quoc te - 2010 mo tien tien vi su phat trien hen vicng nguyen nhan c h i p h i v a chat l u o n g T h i e t b i se duoc cung cap n h i e n l i e u t r o n g qua t r i n h thay doi cac ca l a m viec (sir thay d o i can k h o a n g - p h u t ) c Cdc tdc dpng kinh te Gia dau diezen sinh hoc C H L B Dire duoc t r o cap Sir khac biet g i u a gia giua dau diezen hoa thach va dau diezen sinh hoc t r o n g t h o i d i e m n g h i e n c u u la vao khoang 0.1 € / l T i e t k i e m tao t r o n g giai doan ban den co gia t r i t o i 6,6 t r i e u € ( H i n h 4) Cac chi p h i trang b i t h e m n h u n g bo phan m a y moc m o i cho viec c h u y e n d o i tir viec sir dung dau diezen hoa thach sang dau diezen sinh hoc co gia t r i t o i 687.700 €, tuc la 10% kha nang tiet k i e m K h o i l u o n g da duoc c h i p h i cho viec quan l y dong c o (cac v o i phun, bo chia tach, v o boc bo loc, cac b o m n h i e n lieu, he t h o n g ong, o n g dan, v v ) , cho ban t u van, cho viec lap dat m o t bo dot nong n h i e n lieu, cho viec thay d o i dau va phan t i c h dau cung n h u cho viec thay d o i cac bo loc dau diezen V i e c lap dat bo dot n h i e n l i e u chi co chi p h i c h i m o t lan V i e c thay d o i dau them vao va viec thay d o i bo loc diezen se c h i t h u o n g x u y e n can thiet t r o n g giai doan thir nghiem K i n h n g h i e m t h u duoc ciing v o i cac thiet b i m o i lap dat gan day nhat t r o n g cac hoat dong thong t h u o n g d W i s m u t G m b H cho rao bo dot n h i e n l i e u la k h o n g can thiet, k h i dong co thiet b i d u p e chuyen d o i sang sir dung dau diezen sinh hoc D i e u se l a m g i a m cac chi p h i trang b i t h e m n h u n g bp phan m o i t u o n g l a i it nhat % K e t l u a n f r V i e c cac p h u o n g t i e n sir dung nang l u p n g hoa thach t r o n g cac d p n g co dot dupe ket hop v o i cac rao can I o n ve tai c h i n h va m o i t r u o n g D a u diezen sinh hoc se gianh dupe v i t r i x u n g dang t r o n g t u o n g l a i n h u m o t sir lira c h o n nhien l i e u cho cac d p n g co dot D a u diezen sinh hoc n h u la m o t su thay the cho dau diezen hoa thach i t nhat la t h i c h hop neu khong noi la tot h o n cho t o i t r o n g tat ca cac thong so n h i e n lieu D a u diezen sinh hoc co the dupe sir dung m o t each co ban ma k h o n g co sir thay d o i cac p h u o n g phap k y thuat chii yeu nao t r o n g thiet b i dang hoat dpng v o i dau diezen hoa thach t r u o c day T u o i tho cua cac bp lpc nhien lieu, d u p e x e m la then chdt t r u o c day va ket qua k y thuat ciia viec sir dung dau diezen sinh hoc, tuyet nhien k h o n g b i g i o i han k h i so sanh v o i viec sir dung dau diezen hoa thach K h o a n g t h o i gian thay dau cho dpng co dupe cung cap n h i e n l i e u bang dau diezen sinh hoc k h o n g can chia deu, n h u t h u o n g dupe thira nhan, n h u n g co the g i u nguyen tuong tir n h u dupe xac d i n h b o i nha san xuat d o i v o i dau diezen hoa thach D o g i o i han thai han sir dung ciia dau diezen sinh hoc, nen n h i e n l i e u can d u p e sir d u n g sau k h i no dupe cung u n g b o i nha san xuat N e n tranh t h d i gian l u u k h o lau G i u l a i cac m a u nhien lieu de l a m lang cho cac y e u cau phap l y va bao hanh cd the cd V i e c sir dung dau diezen sinh hoc cd cac l o i i c h k i n h te dang ke D o gia n h i e n l i e u thap h o n , t i e m nang tiet k i e m rd rang la l d n h o n cac chi p h i chuyen d d i V i e c str d u n g dau diezen sinh hoc gdp phan cho viec bao ve m d i t r u d n g V i e c quan l y hd t r o k e m theo da g i u p d o rat nhieu t r o n g viec chuyen d d i cac d d n g bp thiet b i l d n sang sir dung dau diezen sinh hoc, de dat dupe sir chung nhan cho cac d d n g c o tir nha san xuat, de to chuc viec c h u y e n d d i h i e u theo each thong t h u o n g va de t h a m tra l o i i c h ca ve t h u o n g m a i va sinh thai hoc cua viec chuyen d d i M o t giai doan thir n g h i e m va dan d u d n g la hiru i c h V i e c chuyen d d i sang sir dung dau diezen sinh hoc la cd the t r o n g qua t r i n h phat t r i e n san suat K h a nang cd the sir dung ciia may moc tuyet n h i e n k h o n g b i g i d i han V i e c t i e u t h u t h e m dau diezen sinh hoc la k h o n g 211 Hoi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien ki thudt tien md quoc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben viing dang ke va k h o i l u o n g < % D a u diezen sinh hoc co the d u a c sir d u n g a nhiet thap n h u dau diezen hoa thach m a k h o n g co m o t g i a i han nao ca Tiet kiem tich luy Giai doan thir nghiem Kc.Ia!;-rruslu'iy - 687,7 T€ = p (Alt It Hr J*>.f, M ? tier 2003 3253 Tfc 2002 ess PB 2004 12 ?d] Ttr 701 T« 200S 13 MS Tir I 930 TS Hinh Ket qua kinh te cua viec su dung dau diezen sinh 20M •5 f.i nir hoc Cac dieu kien cu the d mot mo 16 thien da khai thac cua Wismut GmbH chi khac biet m o t chut so v a i cac m o t i m thay t r o n g nganh cong nghiep m o n o i c h u n g hoac tai cac cong t r u a n g x a y d u n g tren toan the g i a i Cac ket qua hoat d o n g c a ban t u o n g tir day do co t h ! co kha nang chuyen giao cho m o t so l u o n g I o n cac c o n g t y k h a i thac m o va cac dir an xay d u n g tren toan the g i o i Tai lieu tham khao [1] Hagen M ( 0 ) Lecture, Z e p p e l i n sales and management m e e t i n g , E r f u r t , (unpublished) [2] Jauer J (2007) P h D thesis, T U Bergakademie Freiberg [3] Mollhauer K (2002) Diesel engines, 2nd edition, Vogelverlag, Ber- lin/Heidelberg, p 166 [4] B u r k h a r d t E (2006) E f f i c i e n c y calculation f o r the large-scale conversion test to bio-diesel, R o n n e b u r g (unpublished) 212 ... x e m xet cua viec c h u y l n d l i nhien l i e u va m i n h hoa cac cong viec c h i tiet can dupe l a m k h i x i r l y cac v a n de rieng le Bang 2: Thdi gian bieu vd chien luoc xem xet viec... huan luyen nhan lire, bao cao dir an sinh Moi truong Danh gia cac ket qua sinh thai hgc ly Ghi du lieu, cac ky thuat ghi du lieu, hinh the ciia cac ket qua sinh thai hgc Trong cac nghien c u u... chat lugng ciia dau Giai doan thir nghiem, lira chon thiet bj chuyen doi toan bo L i n h vuc xem xet K i n h te To chiic Danh gia cac kha nang tiet kiem Phan tich lgi ich ve chi phi, cac gioi
Ngày đăng: 29/11/2022, 14:06
Xem thêm:
