Thiết kế và chế tạo máy gọt vỏ khoai lang

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO 061 THI6T KE VA CHG TAO MAY GOT v KHOAI LANG TS Dang Thi|n Ngdn Khoa Co Chi tao mdy, Dai hpc Sd pham Ky thudt TP Hd Chi Minh TOMTAT Khoai lang Beniazuma, mot loai khoai cd ngudn gdc tU Nhdt, cd hdm lUdng dinh dUdng vd gid tri cao, hien dangdUdc trdng biln tai cdc ndng trUdng, trang trai phia Nam dexudt khdu Tuy nhien, cdng nghe bdo qudn vd chi biln khoai lang vdn la thu cdng, chu ylu dUa vdo sU kheo leo cda ngUdi nen ndng sudt vd chdt lUdng khdng cao Bdi bdo trinh bay qud trinh thilt klvd chi tao mdy got vd khoai lang nhdm cdi thien qud trinh chi biln vd tao cdc sdn phdm tU khoai lang tUdi cd gid tri cao phuc vu tieu dung cung nhUxudt khdu TU khoa: khoai lang, mdy got vd, thilt kl vd chi tao ABSTRACT Beniazuma sweet potato (Japanese sweet potato) has high nutritional and economical value, which cultivated in large-scale in Lam Dong, Dac Nong and other south Vietnam provinces for export purpose However, the preservation and processing technology of sweet potato are still very poor, mainly based on human ingenuity The productivity and quality of materials is therefore not so high and that may impact on the production schedule This paper presents the design and manufacture of the sweet potato peeling machine to improve the processing and supply the good products from fresh sweet potato with high value to meet the demand of consumption and export Keywords: sweet potato, batata, peeling machine, designing and manufacturing GIOlI THIEU bdt vd cdc sdn pham khac td khoai lang tdPi, viec gpt vd khoai lang dl lam sach, loai bd phan vd xau Khoai lang Id mot loai cu chda nhilu tinh (noi hot, vet den, ha, sung, ) Id mpt van dl khd bdt, protein, cdc vitamin (tiln vitamin A, BI, B2, cdc cu khoai lang cd hinh ddng rat khde C ), cdc chat khodng (Fe, P, ) [1] Khoai lang Ky thudt gpt vd hien chu ylu van la "tay vd ddpc dung 1dm IdPng thdc cho ngddi, thdc dn dao" cd ndng suat kem vd nguy hilm cho ngddi chan nudi vd lam nguyen lieu chi biln tinh bdt, nhdn cdng thao tdc Ngoai chat liipng cu khoai rdpu, con, xi rd, niidc gidi khdt, bdnh keo, mdt, lang qua gpt kem y\ bi bam ban lai vd hinh thdc mi, miln, phu gia ddpc pham, mang phu sinh hpc khdng dep (khdng diu) [2] Trong do, xu hddng sd dung khoai lang dl sdn xuat tinh bdt phdt trien rat manh nhdng Khoai lang Beniazuma (hinh 1), mpt loai nam gan ddy khoai cd ngudn gdc td Nhat, cd ham Idpng dinh dddng vd gia tri cao, hinh ddng tdPng ddi ddng Trong qui trinh cdng nghe che biln tinh dIu hien dang duac trdng biln tai cdc ndng TAP CHl CO KHI VlfiT NAM ••• Sd 1+2 (Thdng 1+2 nam 2012) NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D | trddng, trang trai phia Nam de xuat khau [3] Day cung la ngudn nguyen lieu chu yeu cho cac nha may che bien tinh bdt va cac san pham khac Id khoai lang tu'Pi d Viet Nam De gdp phan nang cao nang suat va chat liipng cua qua trinh che bien khoai lang, du an "nghien cdu, thiet kc va che tao may gpt vd khoai lang" da dupe trien khai Trong bai nghien cdu trinh bay qua trinh thiet ke, che tao va thd nghiem may gpt \ o khoai lang thdc tl Hinh 1: Cu khoai lang (Beniazuma) Cu khoai lang cd chieu dai, diidng kinh, dp cong, lal khac (hinh 1) nen viec thi^t ke may gol vd khoai lang rat khd khan Cho den nay, I ren thj trddng vdn chUa co mdy got vd khoai Idiiii, md chi cd may cao vd (mdi vd) da nang [4,5] su dung cho ca rdt, khoai tay, khoai lang Tren thi trudng niidc cung c(') mpt san pham tUdng tu may bdc vd khoai lang XCI-60 cua Congty TNHH Dau td va Phdt trien Cdng nghe Me kong [6] So (Id nguyen ly cua may bdc vd da ndngdii^c trinh bay d hinh Dong CO; Banh dai; Dai; Khdp noi; Banh rang; Banh nham Hinh 2: So nguyen ly may boc v6 [4, 5] THIET KE MAY GOT v KHOAI LANG 2.1 Thong so thiet ke Kich cd khoai lang Beniazuma diia vao chi biln diipc cho d bang (sd lieu cua Cdng ty CP thdc pham Sao Ta FIMEX VN) Bang 1: Kich cd khoai lang Chieu dai (L, mm) 200 2.2 Cdc phiiong dn hien cd Dudng kinh Tl le vo xau ( ; ••'••/, '••:'•> • ' , v * , J Can dao; Rulo van chuyen; Dao cat Hinh 4: So nguyen ly cum thiet bi gpt v6 khoai lang X Bp truyen ^ xicii Cu khoai lang sau ddpc rda sach, cat dau qua qua trinh sP chi ddpc diia vdo vdng gpt vd nhd bang tdi den cdc ruld van chuyen (2) vda cudn day cd khoai lang din phia triidc vda dp/gid chat bang cac Id xo He dao cat (3) ddpc sap xlp thdnh cap dat lech 45 dp (hinh 5) vd nhd vdo cdc Id xo tren cdn dao (1) nen liidi dao cat cd thi udn Idpn dp sdt de bdo (gpt) vd tren than cu khoai lang DCl A Bang tai d p lieu =:^ tai lieu Bo taiyen banti rang A Con lan v§n ctiuyen 3£ Bg ptign gptvo T Thu lieu Hinh 7: Cac phan ciia may gpt v6 khoai lang DC4 DC3 Hop giam toe /•DC2 Hmh 5: So bo tri cac dao cat Hoat ddng cua mdy diipc md td nhd sau: ddng CO truyin ddng din hop giam tdc true vit bdnh vit, din bd truyin xich Bd truyen xich dan ddng bang tdi tdi lieu vd ddng thdi kich boat lan van chuyin qua bd truyin bdnh rang Nguyen lieu (cu khoaiiang) diipc bang tdi diia den lan van chuyen, sau ddpc dda din dao cat Con lan vd dao cat ddpc bd tri xen ke giup cho viec TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM V Sd 1+2 (Thdng 1+2 nam 2012) NGHIEN cOfU-TRAODOi De lang dp bam dinh va khong lam hu hai cu khoai lang be mat ngoai cua lan dxiclc phu mot l(')p cao su niem (ao cao su) day mm van chuyen va cat dupe lieu tuc (hinh 6) 2.4.1 Bdng tdi tdi lieu De dinh hu(')'nt; cu ivhoai lang, tang luc ma sat dua cu khoai lang VAO vung cat, he thdng bang tai cap lieu su dung tlung bang lai phang dupe dat canh co hinh dang chu V va h(.)p voi mpt goc 90 (hinh S) Vice cap lieu cho bang tai ci) the duoc thiet ke theo yeu cau hoac cap lieu bang tay ('hi tiet tmli loan he thong bang tai cap lieu co the tham khao |S, ^l Bang tai 4.^ Don cal Dao cat dung de got (bao) v6 khoai lang hao gdm lu'oi dao cat va can dao (hinh 10) Can dao c() Id de hip vao true can dao co djnh tren than m;iy va c(') the xoay c|uanh true de co the cat gpt v(') du'oiig kinh cu khoai thay doi Mpt 16 xo chiu xo;\n lap tren can dao de giiip liidi catluon iip siit vao cii khoai Co' c^u truyen dOng Hinh cS: He thong hang tai tai lieu l o U'lp \ a o I rue 2.4.2 Con lau van chuyen Hinh 10: Can dao va lu'Oi dao cat Khi bo truyen banh rang hoat dpng lam triic lan quay, true lan quay lam quay lan vdi toe dp dinh trudc Con lan co chuyen dpng: chuyen dpng quay tron chuyen dpng quay cua triic dpng co' truyen den va chuyen dpng tinh tien co cau tay don va Id xo keo dieu khien Thiet ke lan (hinh 9) vdi cac kich thudc co ban nhii sau [8]: Qua tinh toan, thuc nghiem [8, 10], de chieu day lop cat khoang 0,7-2 mm diing theo yeu can dat lam \iec vdi sU dao dong cua dao cat, com: khac cua cac cu khoai, ket caiu va thong so hinh hoc cua ludi cdt diipc chi d hinh 1 Liroi cSl True krcri dao Dudng kinh: 60 mm Chieu dai: 80 mni - Toe dp quay n = 105 v/ph (diJp'c thiet ke bi\ng vdi van toe dau cua bang tai v = 0,3m/s) Khoang dich chuyen giua true lan la 10-20 mm (de lan co the van chuyen dupc cii khoai CO difdng kinh 30-40 mm) linh 1 a: Ket cau luoi dao cat Dl.-, Mrl Hinh 9: Con lan van chuyen i| TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM Hinh lb: Tliong so hinh hoc cua lUdi dao cat • So 1+2 (Thang 1+2 nam 2012) NGHIEN cau-TRAO OOl CHE TAO - T H i r NGHIEM MAY GOT V KHOAI LANG May gpt vd khoai lang da dapc triin khai thiet ke chi tilt vd diia vdo che tao thd nghiem, ddc biet Id cum thiet bi gpt vd phan quan trpng chinh yeu cua mdy - dd diipc c h i tao hodn chinh (binh 12) kit cau dao cat va khd nang dieu chinh liidi cat de mdy cd the gpt diipc cu khoai lang vdi nhieu kich cd diidng kinh vd dp sau khac cung nhii tich hpp he thdng cap lieu d l may cd the boat ddng td ddng LOII CAM ON Tac gia chan cam on KS Dinh Van Thdi (FIMEX VN) da nhiet tinh giup dd qua trinh thu thap thdng tin, cac sd lieu va ddng gdp nhieu y kiln ho trp cho cdng tdc nghien cdu thxic hien dii an Chan thdnh cam on KS Le Qudc Tbda da ddng gdp nhieu cdng sdc viec tinh toan, che tao cum thiet bi gpt vd khoai lang • Hinh 12: Cum thiet bi gpt v6 khoai Tai lieu tham khao: May dd diipc vdo thd nghiem thUc t l dat yeu cau Ngodi mdy cung cho phep gpt vd cdc loai cu cd hinh ddng tiiOng tii cd khoai lang nhii: ca-rdt, miidp tdy (zucchini), (hinh 13) Hinh 13: Thd nghiem gpt v6 ca-rot KET LUAN Bdi bdo gidi thieu viec nghien cdu, thilt k l vd c h i tao mdy gpt vd khoai lang theo don dat hang cua Cdng ty CP thdc pham Sao Ta (FIMEX VN) May gpt vd khoai lang dd diipc che tao vd thd nghiem dat ddpc kit qua tot thdc te Hudng phat trien hodn thien mdy tap trung vdo nghien cdu cac thdng sd hinh hpc cua liidi dao cat [1] Trinh Xuan Ngp, Dinh The Loc, Cay co cu va ky thuat tham canh (Quyen Cay khoai lang), NXB Lao Dpng - Xa Hpi, 2004 [2] Hoang Kim, Bai giang Cay LUOng thUc (liia, ngo, san, khoai lang), TrUdng Dai hpc Nong Lam TP Ho Chi Minh, 2010 [3] Tran Ddc Hoang, Giong khoai lang Nhat Beniazuma va mpt so diem lUu y san xuat, Bao Nong Nghiep Viet Nam, 9.2009 [4] BMA Nededand BY, Carborundum SKC Peeler Technews, BMA Nederiand BV, 2007 [5] Sormac B V., Carborundum Roller Peeler CRP, Sormac, 2009 [6] Cong ty TNHH Dau tU va Phat trien Cong nghe Me kong, May boc v6 khoai lang XCI-60, MK Tech Co.LTD, 2009 [7] Phan Dinh Phuc, Dang Thien Ngon (HD), Tinh toan va thiet ke may boc v6 cam, DATN, DHSPKT Tp HCM, 2011 [8] Le Quoc Thifa, Dang Thien Ngon (HD), Nghien cdu, thiet ke va che tao may gpt v6 khoai lang, LVTN, DHSPKT Tp HCM, 2011 [9] Ha Van Vui, Nguyen Chi Sang, So tay thiet ke co khi, NXB KHKX 2004 [10] Tran Van Dich, So tay dung cu cat va dung cu phu, NXB KHKT, 2007 TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 1+2 (Thdng 1+2 nam 2012) ... nghiem may gpt \ o khoai lang thdc tl Hinh 1: Cu khoai lang (Beniazuma) Cu khoai lang cd chieu dai, diidng kinh, dp cong, lal khac (hinh 1) nen viec thi^t ke may gol vd khoai lang rat khd khan... pham khac Id khoai lang tu''Pi d Viet Nam De gdp phan nang cao nang suat va chat liipng cua qua trinh che bien khoai lang, du an "nghien cdu, thiet kc va che tao may gpt vd khoai lang" da dupe... mdy got vd khoai Idiiii, md chi cd may cao vd (mdi vd) da nang [4,5] su dung cho ca rdt, khoai tay, khoai lang Tren thi trudng niidc cung c('') mpt san pham tUdng tu may bdc vd khoai lang XCI-60