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KHOA HOC CONG NGHE KET QUA IMGHIEIXI CUU THUC IVGHIEIU XAC DflXlH DAC TilMH DdlMG LUC CUA HiAY KEO L A P BIEIV IVid THUY DdlVG Doan Van ThuS Bui Hai Trieu^ TOMTAT May keo dugc Mp bien mo thuy dong he thdng truyen luc co nhung tinh nang ky thuat vugt troi so vol may keo co he thdng truyen luc hoan toan blng co hoc, dac biet thuc hien cac khau canh tac dieu kien dia hinh, dat dai phiic tap cua lam nghiep Tuy nhien, hieu suat truyen dong ciia bien mo thiiy dong rii,„ phu thupc rat nhieu vao che dp lam viec ciia dong co va che dp tai trpng Do vay, muon nang cao hieu suat truyen dong, can can cii vao dac tinh truyen luc de lua chpn diing so truyin va che dp lam viec cua dong co Dac tinh bien mo thiiy dong va bien mo - hop sd ciia may keo Komatsu D65A-8 dugc xay dung bang thuc nghiem da xac dinh dugc diem lam viec tdi uu cua bien mo (TII,„ ^^^ tai diem co M,,, = 460 Nm tuong ling vol n^^ = 1170 v/ph) va cac khoang mo men can tai banh M^, tuong ling voi cac sd truyen 1, 2, Day la ca sa quan trpng de thiet ke he thong may cong tac kem theo va lua chpn che dp lam viec phii hgp, nang cao hieu qua boat dong cua LHM Tii^ikda: Bien mo thiiy dong, hieu suat truyen dong thiiy luc LDATVANDE H 001 TUONG NGHIEN CUU VA DAC DIEIVI SUDUNG Hien he thdng truyin dong eua mot sd may keo hien dai nhu: Komatsu D65A, D85A, Fiat ed sti dung biin mo thiiy dong, bg phan giiip cho miy keo cd kha nang tu dieu chinh van tdc llm viec theo diiu kien tai trgng, dam bao an toan qiia tai va diiu khiin rat linh ddng (xem hinh 1) Tinh nang ky thuat nly ed nhiiu uu diem so vdi mIy keo su dung he thdng truyin luc holn toln blng eo hgc, dac biet llm viec diiu kien dia hinh dat dai eiia lam nghiep Tuy nhien, hieu suit truyin dong cua biin m6 thiiy lire r\^^ lai phu thugc nhiiu vIo ele yiu td v i c h i dd llm viec eua ddng co v l che tai trgng Trong thuc te, hau h i t cac may keo cd sir dung bien m6 thiiy dong lai kh6ng cd dly du tai lieu v i dac tinh eiia biin m6, cho nen kh6ng dii co sd lua ehgn, xlc dinh ele th6ng sd sii dung va c h i lam viec de dam bao hieu suat truyin dong la cao nhat theo mdi diiu kien tai trgng Han c h i da lam giam hieu suit su dung c6ng suat dong eo may keo va hieu qua su dung lien hgp mIy (LHM) Bli bio nly gidi thieu phuong phIp va k i t qua nghien eiiu xay dung dac tinh dong luc ciia may keo lap biin mo thiiy dong d i lam co sd xlc dinh ele thdng sd k i t cau eua LHM va c h i llm viec tdi uu cho mdi diiu kien tai trgng sti dung Ddi tugng nghien eiiu la lien hgp may keo sii dung biin m6 thuy dong (mIy keo Komatsu D65A 8) vdi cay ngam lam dat trdng rimg Dac diem truyen cong suat cua he thdng truyen dong su dung bien md thiiy ddng De dam b i o chiic nang ly hgp vl biin ddi vd cap ddng c6ng suat tir dong co dot din hop sd, tren mot sd t6 vl xe ehuyen dung dugc bd tri mdt phan tii truyin thuy dong ggi II bg biin ddi mo men hay biin m6 thuy dong Thudng gap nhit ky thuat d t6, mIy keo va xe ehuyen dung la bg biin mo phIn tii: Bom, tua bin va phan tii phan lire hay cdn ggi la binh din (hinh 2) MIy k i o Komatsu D65A thugc loai biin mo phan tu, mot pha So dd cac phIn tu he thdng truyin lire eua may keo Komatsu D65A duoe m6 ta tren hinh i ~BrJ ^5^z^^ ' Vien Khoa hoc Lam nghiep Viet Nam; ^ Truong Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi 64 cud! cung Banh Hmh So dd he thdng truyen luc may keo KOMATSU D65A NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 6/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Dae tinh bien m6 thuy dong Chit Idng thuy luc chay tir bom din tua bin sau dd din binh phan luc, nhd cd phIn tir phan luc lam xuat hien mot lech mo men giOa bom vl tua bin: ML = Mp - M j CIc diim llm viec vl viing lam viec ciia biin m6 thuy dong: Cae trang thai boat dong eiia biin m6 ed thi dugc mo ta theo dudng dac tinh biin m6 vdi ele diem va viing llm viec dac trung sau day (xem hinh 3): A- Diim khdi hinh: Tua bin diing im, he sd biin m6(iA;nxA = 0, y ^, = ly so mo men —M„ tuyin tinh theo ty sd: n-r giam gin nhu V- = M-Diim tdi uu: rj „,„^ , ;KMK- Diem ly hgp: Bien mo boat dong nhu ly hgp ML = y = —— Hieu suit bien mo duge tinh theo c6ng thiic: S Diem ddng bd: Bom vl tua bin quay ciing nhau, Ujs = Ups, / s = L ^s = l^s D- Diem kh6ng tai: Tua bin thoat tai, MJD = 0, Vh,n = ^.y se ed dang parabol P, riD = 0,[lD = , M p D > U- Diim quay cham: Diim llm viec lau dii vdi tdc dd quay cham cho phep toln tai theo ty sd —^ Trong vting boat dong biin m6 gil thiit rang, yiu td k c6ng thiic: Mp = k.Up^.Dp^ [3] la khong ddi, ed nghia II luu lugng diu thuy luc vao bom binh phan lire dung im khong phu thugc vao luu lugng khdi tua bin, tai viing biin ddi tdc A^ dp quay gia tri nly giam vi fy so tiin din Viing [A - D]: Viing llm viec chinh, ddng cong suit tir bom din tua bin khong ed tie dong c6ng suit bd sung ben ngoli din tua bin Viing [A - U]: Viing khdi hinh, di tang tdc nhanh vdi he sd biin m6 Idn Viing [U - O]: Viing boat dong lau dii Viing [0 - D]: Vting kh6ng thi boat dong lau dii hieu suit gilm manh Viing ben phai D: Viing phanh ham, tua bin tiip nhan m6 men tir ben ngoai Vting ben trii A: Vimg ham ngugc, tua bin nhan truyen dong ngugc chieu tir ben ngoai Viing [K - S]: Viing ly hgp, cae biin m6 nhiiu pha loai bd ndi ciing vdi vd ciia binh phan lire di trd thInh ly hgp thuy dong viing tdc quay MA,NA Hinh So dd biin mo thuy dong: 1- Tua bin; 2- Bom; 3- Banh phan luc np = const S nTA=0 nju njM D HJK HTO Hinh Dae tinh biin mo thuy dong; Cac diim va viing lam viec eua biin mo Hop sd phan cap hanh tinh va truyin luc cudi cimg He sd bien ddi mo men cua biin mo thiiy dong p thudng tii 2,8 -^ 3,2 [3], vay niu may keo chi sir dung bien m6 thuy luc thi chua du di thoa man dac tinh keo bam ly tudng cua mIy keo va khdng dap ling duge yeu elu cdng viec can cap lire keo Idn nhu di cly, san ui Trong thuc ti tren mIy keo vl xe ehuyen dung, bien m6 thuy luc thudng dugc kit ndi vdi hop sd phan cap (hop sd hinh tinh cip tren mIy keo Komatsu D65A-8), dd dac tinh bien m6 - hop sd tai banh chii dong se ed dang thich ung hon vdi tinh chat keo bam eiia may keo va md rgng dugc khoang lue keo theo yeu cau su dung NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 6/2010 65 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE III XAY DUNG HE THONG DO XAC D|NH CAC THONG SO THUC NGHIEM Di xay dung dac tinh thuc nghiem, ta phai thiit lap he thdng xlc dinh gil tri, su biin thien eua ele dai lugng, th6ng sd eua LHM Vdi mIy keo Komatsu D65A lien hgp vdi cly ngam llm dat lam nghiep, ele th6ng sd dd la: CIc thInh phan luc can cly (Pcx, Pcz), van tdc LHM (Vj), sd vdng quay banh chii dong (n^s), sd vdng quay ddng eo (n^tJ, m6 men va sd vdng quay true thii cap bien m6 thuy luc (MT,nT-) Thiit lap he thdng do, phuong phap Thiit hi dugc thief lap la he thdng da kenh kit ndi mIy tinh va phan mim Dasylab, su dung ele cam biin (sensor) lap dat len ele chi tiit, bg phan tuong ling di xlc dinh cae thong sd ky thuat ciia LHM khao nghiem [3]: Hinh So mac cam biin vdi thiet hi RTSE 600 1-Cau dien tro; 2- Bo pin ngudn; 3- May truyen phat tin hieu do; 4- May thu nhan tin hieu do; 5- May tinh co cai dat phan mem xii ly sd lieu Dasylab Kit ndi he thdng - M6 men true thii d p ciia biin mo (M-p): Day II He thdng kit ndi ele elm biin (dau do) tdi th6ng sd ed nhiiu khd khan xlc dinh bang cdng gom tin hieu, qua bg ehuyen ddi Analog thuc nghiem Van di khd khan Idn nhat md Digital (Card A/D) din mIy tinh cd eli dat phan men xoan eiia true quay khdng thio rdi II viec truyin mim thu nhan va xu ly sd lieu Dasylab (Bui Hai din tin hieu tir true quay din mach ben ngoli, Triiu, Doan Van Thu, 6/2009) hon niia true thii cap biin mo may keo Komatsu Worksheet chuong trinh thi nghiem di thu thap D65A nam d vi tri hep, kin giiia biin md va hop sd va xii ly tin hieu dugc lap tren co sd ele m6 dun Khi thi nghiem, M^ dugc xac dinh bang phuong ciia phIn mim Dasylab va kit ndi lai chudi cac phIp dien trd biin dang, cac dien trd biin dang m6 dun theo yeu elu cua thi nghiem (Hinh 5) Kit (tenzo) dugc din true tiip len khdp ndi giiia true thii qua thi nghiem dugc hien thi true tiip d dang dd thi cap biin mo den true so cap hop sd Tin hieu duge hoac bang sd tren hinh mIy tinh vl duge luu cat truyin kh6ng day den may tinh, nhd he thdng thiit file dii lieu, vay ed thi quan sit dugc kit qua bi truyin phat - thu tin hieu ludng kiiu diiu tin qua trinh loai RISE 600 + Hop pin ngudn va may phat tin hieu eiia thiit bi RTSE 600 cd khdi lugng bang nhau, dugc lap ddi xiing tren khdp ndi giiia true thii cap biin md din true so cap hop sd eiia mIy keo de triet tieu mo men quin tinh phIt sinh + MIy thu tin hieu sir dung ngudn mot chieu 10-18V ed nhiem vu thu tin hieu tir mIy phIt tin hieu, xir ly vl ehuyin tin hieu tdi may vi tinh di hiin thi kit qua So dd mach thiit bi m6 men tren true thii cap biin m6 ciia mIy keo Komatsu D65A dugc thi hien tren hinh - Sd vdng quay true thii cap biin m6 Ux duge xae dinh tir gil tri sd vdng quay banh n^^ va ti sd truyin tirong ung 1,1,2,3, "x = nb,.ici,2.366 i^ Qllinl 3-»i 0-B ^ ' ^ — f j / Hinh Worksheet chuong trinh thi nghiem thu thap va xu ly tin hieu To chiic thi nghiem - Thi nghiem dugc thuc hien tai Trung tam Khoa hoc San xult Lam nghiep D6ng Bac bg, Nggc Thanh, Phiic Yen, Vinh Phiic; hien trudng thi nghiem ed NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 6/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE a Dac tinh bien mo thuy dong cua may keo diiu kien lap dia diin hinh eiia dit trdng rimg tai khu vuc: Do dde ddi tii -^ 8%, dIt ed am: 17%, chat: Komatsu D65A-8 35 kg/cm^, thuc bi II cay bui sim mua vl goc bach Dae tinh biin m6 thiiy dong duge xay dung tir din sau khai thie cd mat khoang 700 -^ 800 g/ha cac gil tri m6 men tren true thii cap biin m6 Mx - Cac phuong an thi nghiem dugc thay ddi (tin hieu M^J va sd vdng quay tua bin Ux (sd vdng quay true so cap hop sd n^ tren dd thi) tinh dugc tir theo thii tu cIc yiu td thuc nghiem sau: tin hieu sd vdng quay binh n^s Dae tinh m6 Sd than cay n = 1, 2, 3; men Mx = f(nx) vl hieu suit biin m6 rib,,, = f(nx) ciia Loai miii cly: Mui cly eli tiin ed bi rgng b va mIy keo Komatsu D65A-8 dugc trinh biy tren hinh gde nang a nhu sau: (Mj) ed b = 0,23 m, a = 23°; (M2) Dac tinh va hieu suat bien mo thuy aong MsctNm) ed b = 0,30 m, a = 23"; (M3) cd b = 0,12 m, a = 23°; • lysc(Nm) mui cay nguyen ban (MQ) cd b = 0,12 m, a = 27°; mQi 900 k nbm (%) da mdn 1/3 chiiu dii {M^, b = 0,12 m, a = 30°; van 800 Poly (Msc (Nm)) tdc cly: cly vdi ele sd truyin i = 1, 2, 3; cly sau h, Msc = -2E-07nsc3 + o.OOOensc' - 0.7996nc.: + 816.7 —— Poly, (nbm (%» 700 • R'= 0.9927 •K = 0,35, 0,45,0,55 (m) 600 Mdi thi nghiem dugc ky hieu theo thii tu TNOl, TN02 , kem theo ele tham sd thuc nghiem: vi kit elu cly n, b, a; cay sau h,; sd truyin i = 1, 2, 1] 1)111 (%) 500 HOO 400 300 IV KET QUA NGHIEN CUU 200 Kit qua thi nghiem 100 - Kit qua ele phuong an thi nghiem dugc luu giir ele file dii lieu eiia phIn mem may tinh, cae dii lieu dugc tdng hgp, tinh toln vl hien thi d dang bang sd hoac dd thi nhu hinh JviiAMwaffyiwijAj\/^^ jMKV^ i 10 20 30 ã I ô i SO ' 60 • T- 70 50 10D 110 120 130 140 li - Uo r*n — Pm Hinh Do thj V, nts ,Msc, Pcz Pcx or phuong an thi nghiem TN04 Xay dung dac tinh biin md - hop sd thuc nghiem Tir kit qua eac thi nghiem tiip tuc tinh toln, xir ly blng ele phIn Dasylab vl Excel ta xac dinh duge gia tri ele th6ng sd ein vl mdi quan he eua chiing, tren eo so dd xay dung dugc eac dudng dac tinh thuc nghiem sau: Hinh Dac tinh va hieu suat biin mo cua may keo Komatsu D65A-8 Dudng dac tinh biin m6 dugc xay dung bieu diin mdi quan he gan nhu tuyin tinh giira m6 men quay cua tua bin'vdi tdc quay true tua bin (thii cap biin m6) Gil tri m6 men quay cue dai Mxmax ^Wc xae dinh biin m6 trugt holn toan, dd ddng co vl bom vIn boat dong tai diem llm viec binh thudng cdn tua bin dimg lai holn toln Tinh tin cay eiia gia tri Mxmax dugc danh gil bang miie dd biin thien tdc quay eiia dong eo LHM gap vat can (gde cay Idn, da tang) va dimg lai holn toln Gil tri tdc quay cue dai Ux^ax ^Wc xlc dinh tua bin kh6ng tai vl tdc quay tua bin nx dd bang vdi tdc quay eiia ddng eo Dae tinh biin md cd the dugc hdi quy toan hgc dii chinh xae theo him sd: Mx = -2 \0\ nx^+ 0,0006 nx^ - 0,7996 Ux + 816,7 (3-2) - Hieu suit cua biin m6 thiiy luc theo c6ng M n thiie 77i,„ = — - — ^ 0 % Dudng cong hieu suit biin mo thuy luc q,,„,=f(nT) ed thi dugc hdi qui toan hoc dii chinh xlc theo ham sd: NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 6/2010 67 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE ribn, = -8.10-ii.nx' + 3.10T^.nx=' - 0,0004nx' + 0,2869nT +4,1713 (3-3) Hieu suit biin m6 dat cue dai ri bm.mnx = 97%, tuong ling vdi sd vdng quay true so cIp hop sd n^c = 1170 v/ph va m6 men M,, = 460 Nm Viing ed hieu suit rii,m dat tren 80% tuong ung vdi khoang n^c til' 500 - 1450 v/ph va M,,tii220 - 530 Nm Mi, (Nm) Ml b Dac tinh bien mo - hop sdciia may keo Komatsu D65A-8 Quan he M,,^ = i{n^,^ theo mdi sd truyin dugc xay dung tren eo sd quan he Mx = f(nx) quy ddi mo men quay Mx tir true tuabin din true binh chii dong theo cac ty sd truyin eiia may keo Komatsu D05A-8 da xle dinh Mo men quay eua banh chii dong Mi,s dugc xae dinh theo cong thiic (3-2) : Mbs = Mx.rici-ici Trong dd: Hinh Dac tinh biin mo - hop sd ciia may keo Komatsu D65A-8 Tir dac tinh biin m6 - hop sd ta thay, tai binh chu dong eiia bg phan di dong xieh dua khoang biin ddi vo cap eua ddng c6ng suit, ba dudng dac tinh tao nen mdt dudng bao toln bd vung lam viec tuong ling vdi hyperbol keo bim ly tudng ciia may keo Neu biet kit hgp vdi dac tinh keo bIm ly tudng ciia dai xieh se xay dung dugc toan bd he thdng dii lieu vi kha nang keo bIm vl di ehuyin ciia may keo Komatsu D65A-8 Mx- m6 men quay tren true thii cap ciia bien m6 dugc lay ttr kit qua thi nghiem (Mx = M^c); id - H ti sd truyin, i(.i=93,17, 1^2 = 52,83, i^^ = 31,63; r]^^ - la CIc diim ehuyen flip giiia eac sd truyin (Mbs, hieu suit truyin dong ehung tir true thii elp ciia bien Ubs) ling vdi cac gia tri (12.500 Nm, 27 v/ph) va m6 din banh chii dong tuong ling vdi sd truyin i, (22.000 Nm, 15 v/ph) cho thiy, m6 men can tai = 1,2, 3; y]a dugc xae dinh theo congfhiic: r\^= rn^^-,.binh T]tt nam cIc khoang: M^s < 12.500 Nm, 12.500 Nm < Mfc < 22.000 Nm va M^, > 22.000 Nm su Ilhch- licedung sd truyin tuong ung 3, 2, se dat dugc hieu Vdi may keo Komatsu D65A-8: rjij^i d sd truyin suat truyin dong la tdt nhlt - ri),si= 0,97, sd truyin - rii,s2= 0,985 vl sd truyin Nhu vay, qua trinh lam viec, th6ng tin ve rih,3= 0,99; ritt= 0,98; ^,hch= 0,99; ri,,= 0,98 [3] gil tri md men can tai true so cap hop sd M^c vl tai Tir kit qua vl tinh toln xae dinh gia tri M^sva binh M^s se giiip cho ngudi Hi hoac he thdng Ubs, ta xay dung dugc dae tinh bien m6 - hop sd eua diiu khiin tu dong lira chgn diing sd truyin va che mIy keo Komatsu D65A-8 la dudng bieu diin mdi lam viec ciia dong co de dat duge hieu suit truyin quan he giua m6 men quay M^s vl tdc quay n,,^ dong II tdi un ciia banh chii dong tuong ling vdi sd truyin cua V KET LUAN hdp sd hinh tinh - Chi tai trgng va toe tua bin cd anh hudng Dd thi bieu diin mdi quan he giiia M^s, ni,s thi rat Idn din hieu suit cua bien m6 thiiy dong Khi hien tren hinh dong eo lam viec on dinh (Me, n j , can eii vao dac Cae dudng cong dac tinh biin mo - hop sd ed thi tinh biin md ta ed the xlc dinh dugc khoang mo men dugc hdi quy toln hgc du chinh xae theo ele ham sd: can tuong ling vdi van tdc true so cap hdp sd (Ms^,, n^) de dat duge hieu suit llm viec ciia biin md thiiy Ml = -13,408nb/ + 405,44nb/ - 6422,4nfe + 71136 dong la cao nhat (3-4) R2 = 0,9919 - Ddi vdi mIy keo cd lap bien m6 thiiy dong M2 = -l,3498nb/ + 72,753n J - 2054,2nfe + 40558 he thdng truyin lue, can can cii vao dae tinh (3-5) R2 = 0,9919 biin m6 de xae dinh khoang lue keo lam viec hieu M3 = -0,1738nb/ + 15,647ni,/ - 737,94nb, + 24335 qua va ed chiin luge diiu khiin van toe lam viec tdi (3-6) R2 = 0,9919 uu 68 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 6/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE - Tir k i t qua nghien eiiu ngoai thuc dia da xay dung duge ele dae tinh dong lue ciia mIy keo lap biin m6 thuy dong, tren thi du may keo Komatsu Dae tinh biin mo - hop sd da xlc dinh dugc gil tri khoang mo men can keo phii hgp cho tiing sd truyin, hay ndi each khac ling vdi mdi cap lue can cay cd t h i lua chgn sd truyin (van tdc llm viec) de nang cao hieu suit truyin dong TAI UEU THAM KHAO i Ngo Dien Tap (2001) Do luong va diiu khiin bang mIy tinh Nxb Khoa hgc vl Ky thuat, HI Ngi Bill Hai Triiu, Nguyin Nggc Qui, D6 Hiiu Quyit, Nguyin Van Huu (2006) Truyin dong thuy i^c va nen Nxb N6ng nghiep, HI Ngi Bui Hai Triiu, Doln Van Thu (6/2009) Nghien cuu xlc dinh lire can cay nglm canh tic tren dIt lam nghiep Tap chi N6ng nghiep vl PTNT Kraus Messtechnik GmbH (2000) i?7S£'6»(? User Manual Germany RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TO DETERMINE THE TRANSMISSION PERFORMANCE OF THE TRACTOR FITTED WITH A HYDRAULIC TORQUE CONVERTER Doan Van Thu, Bui Hai Trieu Summary Tractors fitted with a hydraulic torque converter in their transmission system have superior performance to tractors with no tongue converter due to their technical advantages, which make them more suited for use in forest land conditions The efficiency of hydraulic torque transmission (ri,,J depends greatly on the drag torque and behaviour of the engine speed (RPM) Therefore, in order to increase the transmission efficiency it is necessary to select the gear and RPM's to suit the optimum performance of the hydraulic torque converter The experimental transmission performance of hydraulic torque converter and transmission system of Komatsu D65A-8 identified the optimum point of torque converter (rjbm max ^t ^x ~ 460 Nm, n,,, = 1170 RPM) and drag torque sections in T', 2"'' and 3'^' gears It is an important technical performance to design equipments, founding the machine combine and select appropriate working behaviour that will improve efficiency and productivity Keywords: Hydraulic torque converter, efSciency ofhydraulic tiansmission Ngudi phan bien: GS TSKH Pham Van Lang NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 6/2010 69
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