Nghiên cứu nguyên lý cấu tạo và tính toán các thông số chính của máy lu ép hướng trục đúc ống bê tông

NGHIEN CLfU NGUYEN LY CAU TAO VA TINH TOAN CAC THONG SO CHINH cCiA MAY LU EP HLTONG TRUC OUC ONG BE TONG PGS.TS Tran Van Tuin Khoa Ca XSy dt/ng Trudng Dai hge XSy dung Tdm tit: BSi bSo gidi thidu ea sd ly thuyit tinh toSn vS thiit ki eSc thdng si chinh cda mSy lu dp hudng true due ing be tdng Kit qua nghidn ciru lam ca sd khoa hgc di khai thSe ed hidu qua cdng nghp due bin hgp be tdng thSo khudn vSo tht/c tidn san xuit vat lipu xSy dt/ng Summary: The paper presents scientlTic basis of calculating and designing fundamental parameters of the roll-press machine along axis for production of high quality culverts The research result is the basis for effective application of the precast concrete technology with quick strike forms method in production eonstmction materials Hipn dd't nude la dang thay doi mpt each manh me, khde hin so vdi hinh anh 10-^15 ndm ve trudc Cdc khu ehung eu, nhd eao tang, benh vien, trudng hpc, cdng trinh giao thdng dugc xdy dung ngdy edng nhilu Chinh vi vay van de cap thodt nudc ngdy cdng dupe quan tdm nang cd'p O l ddp dng nhu cau cap thodt nudc, cdng nghe san xudt d'ng thoat nude khdng ngdng phdt triln vd hodn thien Van de dpi Id can phai cd phuong phap s i n xud't d'ng cd'ng be long khong cd cd't thep d l giam ehi phi san xud't, gid san pham phd hpp vdi nhu cau thj Irudng O l khai thdc hidu qua vd'n de nay, bdi bao trinh bdy edng nghp va mdy san xud't cd'ng thoat nudc be tdng cd dp dung ting hpp cac hieu dng ep, mie't sddung be long khd de thdo khudn sau due San phim bP IPng Id edng thodt nude, dupc san xua't vdi eae ed dudng kinh td 200+800mm; chieu ddi: 1000mm; chieu ddy: 57mm; mieng cd dau chd NGUYEN LY CAU TAO MAY DUC CONG BE TONG BANG P H U O N G PHAP LU EP HUdNG TRgc Phuong phdp lu dp Id phUPng phap ep, mill be tdng nhd dau ep Be long dupc dua vao lien tyc vd dau ep cd lip cdnh vit hd d l dp hdn hpp be long Sau dde cd I h l thdo khudn ngay, san phim dupe dudng hp tu nhien Nguyen ly hoat dpng mdy lu mie't lao hinh dng edng bP tdng (hinh 1), Ban dau lip khudn vdo dung vj tri, dau dp dupe xud'ng vj tri tha'p nha't nhd trpng lupng bin thdn md eP ed'u cdc (3) Khi dpng eP hoat dpng, md men dupe Iruyen td true dpng cP qua bd truyen dai den hpp giam tdc rdi de'n bp truyen banh rdng eon Qua bd truyin banh rdng TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG NGH? XAY DUNG Sd05-6/2009 39^ eon true ngodi (10) dupe dan dpng quay Nhd cdc bdnh xe (9) truyen chuyen dpng quay Id true ngodi (10) vao tmc dau ep (11) ddng thdi cho phep tnjc dau dp (11) chuyin dpng tjnh lien dpc true ngoai (10) Co ca'u cdc (3) chi cho phep tmc dau ep (11) chuyin dpng theo mdl chieu di len Khi cho be tdng vdo khuon, true dau ep (11) quay, dau dp cd lap md dp dang eanh vit hd dp be long xud'ng d l len chdt va dly dau ep di len Khi dau dp din vj tri dinh khudn, eho dau ep quay mpt thdi gian d l len chdt be tdng d phan dinh O l Idy san pham thi ta phli dung tay quay ndng dau ep len thdng qua bp truyen xich (4) Nhu vdy qua trinh tao hinh mpt san pham dd hodn thdnh Kit eau ma ep dang cdnh vit hd d l be tdng khd Ipt xudng phia dUdi dau dp Khi be IPng lap day vd tilp xuc vdi ede md ep, dau ep quay, ede md ep g i n trdn dau ep lao mdl life ep vdo be long, ddng thdi phan life eda be long tac dung vdo md ep day dau dp lu di len Trong to hpp may cdn mdm nap gin tren khung may; d l bdn xoay ddt khudn; bdng lai nap liPu; xe chd lieu; tram trpn vd cau true; khuon vd d l khuPn Hinh Sa dd nguyen ly cSu tao mSy Dpng ea: Doi trgng: Ca ciu ede; Bp tmyin xich: Bp truyin dai; Hpp giam tie; Khdp ndi; i bi; Con ISn; 10 Tmc ngoSi; 11 Tn/c diu dp; 12 Bp truyin banh rSng cdn; 13 MS dp; 14 Diu dp TiNH T O A N C A C THONG SO CHfNH CUA M A Y Khi dau dp quay, mdl bPn dUdi lUdi dp dang cdnh vit tdc ddng len hdn hpp be tdng, Idm vdt lipu ehuyin dpng vdi quy dao rlt phdc tap (gidng nhU van ehuyin vit lli) NgUpc lai, vdl lipu tae dpng vdo cdnh vit mdl life dpc true dau ep dd Idn d l ddu ep vd cae ehi t i l l liPn quan ehuyin ddng tjnh tiln Idn phia trdn qua trinh tao hinh d'ng be tdng a) Tinh chpn so vdng quay (n) cua ddu dp Gil thief vdt lieu cung vdi dau dp Irupt tUPng ddi vdi vd khudn vdi van tdc V|,p (m/s) Xet khdi vat lipu d trPn dinh ednh vii Dudi lae dung Irpng IUpng G eua khdi vdt lieu trPn cdnh vit tdc dung vdo eanh vit chilu ldn phuong X Id (hinh 3) G.sina a Id goc ndng eanh vit, theo tdi lieu [1] ehpn = 13° Khi vdl lidu trupt xud'ng dudi, life ma sdt trpng lupng vdl lieu tde dung len cdnh vit Id (- G.f.cosa), chieu ngupc lai (hinh 4) f Id hd sd ma sdt giiJia hdn hpp be IPng kho vd ma dp Chpn f = 0.7 40 TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG NGHt XAY DUNG Sd05- 6/2009 Hinh Hinh ehung may BSn xoay tay dd khudn; Di mSy; Ca eau djnh vj bSn xoay dd khudn; 4, Khudn; 5, MSm nap lipu; GSn tSng eimg; Diu dp; Tay xoay; Cdng tie dipn ;.^° G.COSa Hinh INP CHf KHOA HOC CONG NGHt XAY DUNG SO 05-6/2009 41 G \'.t\sina s.R G 1-1/ ãôe Y ^,.,^ g.R f.cosa g.R S.R X S.R , Hinh Hinh Luc li tdm tao vdt lieu quay edng ddu ep tai dilm tiep xdc gida ednh vit vd khudn la G v^ (hinh 5): g R d ddy R = 0,357 m Id ban kinh eua vd khudn; vdy D = 2.R = 0,714 m; D la dudng kinh ngodi eua san phim Trong dd: v,^ - vpn td'c eda ednh vit tai dilm tie'p xde gida cdnh vit vd khuon; g = 9,81 m/s^ - gia tde trpng trudng (^ v Khi dd life ma sat gida vat lieu va vd khudn theo phuong ngang la —• -f g R phuong X (hinh 5): G v^ g R Chilu len f.cosa G V- Ap luc chieu len phuong Y Id; — - ^ / s i n a g R Luc ma sdt len vit Id: G *V r • r G ^'Ip ,n — -^-./.sina./ = -^.f- %\na g R g R Xet su cdn bing life theo phuong (X) ta cd: 'v (f.cosa- f-.s'ina)=f.cosa-s'ir\a R g R.g(f.cosa -sing) V f (cosa - I sina) 42 (D.,e(/.cosa - s i n a ) \ 2, / (cosa - / s i n a ) TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG N G H $ XAY DUNG (1) Sd05- 6/2009 CPng thdc (1) khdng phu thupe vdo cae ddc trung vat lieu van ehuyin (hdn hpp be tdlig) md ehi phu thupc vdo goc ndng cdnh vit (a), he sd ma sdt gida vdt lipu van ehuyen vd ednh vit (0, vd dudng kinh ngodi cda sin pham (D) Thay cdc thdng sd ket c l u may ta dupc: ^, 0,714.9,81(0.7.cosl3°-sin 13°) Vto = , ^ 7, n— , _ , %.eO m/s ; Vko = 1,6m/s; «j„ = —— V 2.0,7(00513°-O.Xsinn") ^ ^ i,6.60 = InR '- ,, - ,^ = 43 vong/ph 2.3,14.0,357 o l vdt lipu ehi di xudng thi so vdng quay cua dau dp n > nkp; Chpn n = 45 vdng/ phut ^ < , = £n = 2ill:ll = 4,7l rad/s 30 30 (2) b Tinh life nang ddu ep CPng suit trPn tryc vit duoe tinh theo cong thdc; No = N.rj = ^ ( H + La^) Trong dd; (3) g * - Trpng IUpng vdt lidu dp gid (KN/h); N„ - Cdng suit trdn true vit (KW); N- Cdng sudt tren true dpng co (KW); 0)0 - Hp sd can van chuyin bing vit tai; L - Quang dudng van chuyin vdt lieu; H- Chilu cao van ehuyin vat lieu Odi vdi true vit ed dau dp vda quay trdn vda ehuyin dpng tjnh tie'n dung d l van chuyin vd dp vdt lipu thi sau mpt vPng quay eda true vit ting qudng dudng van ehuyin vdt lieu vd quang dudng ehuyin dpng tjnh tiln cda true vit bing mpt budc vit Qudng dudng chuyin ddng tinh tiln eda true vit: Z^ = — k (4) Qudng dudng vdn ehuyin vdt lidu: L = 5(1 - - - ) k (5) Trong dd: it - hd s l Idm chdt hdn hpp; S - budc vit Nap tdtrPn xud'ng nen: \-H\ = L N =N.ri = ^^(-H 3670 + L(o^) (6) V- t h i tich van chuyin bP IPng gid (m'/h) L.n.60.2 .;?.(£> Z)|-) Trong dd: (7) n - s l vdng quay cda dau dp (vong/phdt); D - dudng kinh ngodi cua san pham (m); Dl - dudng kinh eda san pham (m); ;'„ - trpng lupng the lich hdn hpp bd long (KN/m^) TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H E XAY DUNG SO 05 - 6/2009 43 MP men tren tmc dau ep Id; H=^^^^,N.m n (8) Life P cdnh vlt tae dung vdo hdn hpp be tdng iP = Trong dd: '^ ,N r.tg(a + cp) (9) r- ban kinh eanh vit, r = 0,8.D/2; D- dudng kinh ngoai eua san phim; tp- gde ma sat; a - ndng ednh vit Trong cdng thdc (3) vd (6), COQ Id he sd can van ehuyin bing vit lai Odi vdi true vit cd dau ep vda quay Iron vda chuyin dpng linh tiln dung van chuyen va ep vdt lieu O l dp vdt lidu thi vat lieu dupc chdn lai mpt dau dd he sd can tOo ldng vd khd xdc cfinh Bdi vdy d l xde djnh life ndng dau ep (life dau dp tdc dung vdo vpt lieu) la dua vao dieu kien dau ep di len Oieu kidn d l ddu ep di len Id; P >iF,.,j„ + G + Gi)-G2 Trong dd: F,.j„ - life ein ma sdt cda bp truyen xich ThUdng ehpn ddng eo can tdng edng sud't len 1,2 lan; G - trpng IUpng hdn hpp be tdng len dau dp; Gl - trpng lupng dau ep vd true dau ep; G: - trpng lupng ddi trpng; G,- G, = AG Can chpn AG cho dau ep de ddng roi xudng khdng tai vd khdng qua Idn d l hon hdn hpp be tdng cd I h l dly ddu dp di len ThPng qua Ihuc nghidm ehpn AG = 300 N Chu y Id dpi vdi mdi loai san phim gia trj AG can dupe xdc djnh vd chinh xdc hod bang thifc nghiPm G Id trpng lupng hdn hpp be tdng tren dau dp qua trinh tao hinh d'ng, phu thupe vdo cdch nap lidu, chpn G = 500 N Vdy life dpc true ep be long tde dpng vdo cdnh vit: P>G+AG = J00 + S00 = 800N Td cong thdc (9) ta cP mPmen trdn true dau dp Id: Mo = P.r.tg{a + ip) =800 0,8.0,357.tg(lf+3f)=253,6N.m lis cdng thdc (8) ta ed edng sua't Iren true dau ep Id; 9550 9550 Cdng sudt tren true ddng eo Id; \jXN^^}XN^^ ;; Trong dd: 44 '7i'72'73 1,2.1.2 ^ ^ ^ 0,95.0,85.0,95 1,2 - hd sd ein ma sdt eua bp Iruyen xich; T) - hieu sudl Iruyen dpng; TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG N G H XAY DUNG Sd05 - 6/2009 Ti,= 0,95 - hipu sudt bp tmyln dai; 02= 0,85 - hieu suit hpp giam toe; r\,= 0,95 - hipu suat bd truyen banh rdng cdn c Chon dpng co va phan phoi ty so truyen Chpn dpng co cd cong sudt khoang 2.0 KW; sd vPng quay n = 1450 vong/phdt CPng sudt trdn true dau dp khoing 1,2 KW Ty sd truyen chung dUPc tinh theo cPng thdc / = — ^ ; ", Trong dd; n^, - sd vdng quay dpng co; Hj^ = 1450 vong/phdt; « „ - sd vPng quay true ep; w,„ = 45 vong/phut => ; = = 32 45 Ty sd truyin eua cae bp truyin cda may / = f/./^./j Trong dd: ehpn /; = Id ty sd fruyin bp truyen dai; /^ = 8.23 Id ty sd truyen hpp giim tie; /j - ty sd truyen bp truyin bdnh rdng cPn; / ^_32 -^ = '',I i-i '2 2.8,23 = 1,944 Bang Thong kd si Hpu tinh toSn Tn/c Thdng si i n (v/ph) Bp tmyin dai (2) Dpng ca (1) 1450 725 8,24 1 88 True diu dp (5) Tn/c bSnh rSng edn (4) Hpp giam tdc (3) 1,96 | 45 | 45 KgT LUAN Bing phuong phip nghien c i ^ phdn tich vd vdi vi du minh hop cy f h l bang sd v l md hinh nguydn ly edu tao may, tinh todn cdc thdng sd chinh cda may lu dp hudng tryc nhu: sd vong quay ddu dp; life ndng dau dp; cdng sud't dpng eo; phan phd'i ty sd truyen dd Id cdc co sd ly thuydt de thid't kd, e h l lao mdy kha thi Tai lieu tham k h i o CnnBaKOBCKnii O.A - Tpancnopmupytomue uawuHbi MocKBa, 1986 O l tdi nghidn cdu khoa hpe cd'p Bp - Nghien cUu cdng nghp vS thie't bj mdi sin xuit cac loal cing bi tdng thoSt nudc eho di thj Vipt Nam Md so: B2006-03-06 Chd nhiem d l tdi PGS.TS Trin Vdn Tudn TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ XAY DUNG SO 05-6/2009 45 ... theo phuong ngang la —• -f g R phuong X (hinh 5): G v^ g R Chilu len f.cosa G V- Ap luc chieu len phuong Y Id; — - ^ / s i n a g R Luc ma sdt len vit Id: G *V r • r G ^''Ip ,n — -^-./.sina./... vit tdc dung vdo eanh vit chilu ldn phuong X Id (hinh 3) G.sina a Id goc ndng eanh vit, theo tdi lieu [1] ehpn = 13° Khi vdl lidu trupt xud''ng dudi, life ma sdt trpng lupng vdl lieu tde dung len... edng sud''t len 1,2 lan; G - trpng IUpng hdn hpp be tdng len dau dp; Gl - trpng lupng dau ep vd true dau ep; G: - trpng lupng ddi trpng; G,- G, = AG Can chpn AG cho dau ep de ddng roi xudng khdng