_^JJ KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE M O A U A CHON CONG NGHE VAN TAI OAT DA HOP LY • • • • • CHO CflC MO THAN LO THI€N SflU VICT NflM TS DO NGQC TIS&C Vien KHCN M6-Vinacomin L T o n g quan Van tai la mdt Vong nh&ng khau cdng ngh# chinh a qua trinh san xult tren md 10 thien Chi phi van tai rdng ehilm tCc ^ % gi^ khai thac tin in Cdng nghe v§n tai dat da bing d td don thuan Cl hyp vdi eac md ch^t h?p, tuyin cdng tac ngan va M trien nhanh, khoang sSng phO-c tgp Tuy nhien, Itiianhd td tang din theo chilu sdu khai th^c Hi$n /, tai cae md 1| thien sau nud-c ngoai, thuOc l u cao nang tai, khoang cSeh, khoi luyng vgn tai pdng su dgng so cdng ngh$: • td van tai d i t dS tu guong tang td-i dilm chuyin tai+bang tai nghieng hoac bang tai die tren bo md+bang tai thud-ng tren mat md; • O td van tai toi dilm ehuyln tai+taie tai nang dit da tren bd" md+d td hoae bang tai hoae dudng sit tren mgt md bai thai; • td van tai md+dud-ng sat tren mSt md Vigc ap dung cdng n^hg van tai lien hyp cho phep phat huy cac yu didm, khac phuc c^e nhuyc dilm cua cac dang van tai Ti> dd, chi phi v§n tai dat da giam dang k l Theo [1], thd-i gian to'i cac md than lp thien sau Viet Nam cd khoi luyng md, cung dp v$n tai va chilu sau khai thac trung binh rit ldn (xem Bang 1) Sang Khii lu-gng md ydu ciu tpi mdt s6 md Id thien theo QH 60 ' Cfing suit mo, 10Mln/nam DSo Nai 2.500 CpoSSu 3.600 Cao Son 5.000 HSTu 1.400 Na Du-ong 1.200 Khinh Hba 800 T§n mo Kh6i lup'ng dk bic, 10'm7nam 28.500 45.000 50.000 25.000 18.500 10.000 Cing xuong sau, s6 tang cong tac se tang; yng dO boc dat d i vS m?t cac thiet bi va rfi khai tm-erng mo tat ldn Chi phi v?n tai tarig chieu cao nang tai va khoang each vgn tai iu cho thay, cin li/a chpn cdng nghp v?n tai di hop 1^ de tang cudng hi#u qua khai thao mo c c6ng nghe c6 th4 sii dgng phu hpp vdi cac md n lp thien Vi#t Nam g6m: td, bang tai, tnjc tai Tir nhiing nSm 30 cua the ky XX, cdng nghe tai mo da dupc nhilu nha khoa hpc tren the i nghiSn ciiu nhu: N.V IVIelnikov, V.V Rzhevsky, , Yakovlev, M.V Vasilev, IVI.G Novozhilov, IVI.G apov CSc cdng trinh nghiSn ciiu Ig-a chpn ig ngh0 v i n tai mp hop IJ dva tren phuong ip so sanh kinh t l theo ham mgc tiSu: •:• Gia van tai tan (1 m°) dat da -» min; So t^ng c6ng Cungdp v|n tai Chieu cao n§ng tac tren bo mo trung binh, km tai ldn nhJrt, m 29 3,74 450 37 3,62 560 32 5,65 480 22 2,28 330 25 2,43 300 28 4.45 420 •:• Chi phi xOc van tai va thai tin (1 m') dit d i -> min; •:• Chi phi quy chuyin khai thic hojc vin tai tan (1 m^) d i t da -» Phuong phap so sinh cac chl tieu kinh te phu thuOc thj trudng, dilu hanh kinh tS cQa Nha nudc nen chua phan inh hit ban chit cong ngh$ De ning t i n d i t d i ISn chiSu cao m mdi cdng nghp van tai diu phai tieu hao nang lupng nhat djnh Tieu hao nang lupng l i cH tiSu khach quan Chinh vi viy, lira chpn cdng nghe vin tai, ngeii tiSu chi vS kinh t l cin kit hop vdi tiSu chi v l tiSu hao nang lupng vdi cac yeu ciu: giam cung dd van tai trSri bd md; khong bi han chS v l khdi luong theo chilu cao ning tai v i gdc ddc bd m6; mCrc tieu thu nguyen, nhiSn vgt liSu, nang lupng, chi phi xay CfiNG NGHIEP MO, $64-2015 ^[Jl_ KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE M O dung CO ban va san xult nhd nhit; giam thilu nhiSm mdi trudng; it phu thupc vio dieu kien hau; don gian cho dilu hanh, sira chua va an toan san xuit Him muc tieu lira chpn: ting tieu hao nang lupng va chi phi van tai-> Tieu hao nang Iifffng va chi phi van tai 2.1 Tieu hao nang luvmg Theo [2] d l nang don vi dit da len m moi cong ngh^ tiSu tin nang lupng nhit (Jinh va the hien theo bilu thiic: A=(F.S/n), N.m (j) (1) Trong dd: F - Luc cin thilt d l thing lu'c can, N; S Quang dudng van chuyin, m; ri - He s6 huu ich DO ldn cua luc F dupc thl hipn theo bilu thiic sau: F=[g.Go(sinci+f.cosa)l, N (2) Trong dd: Go - Ting khdi Iupng chuyen chd, kg; f He so siic can chuyin dpng; g - Gia tic trpng trudng, m/s^ R6 ring A phu thuOc chu ylu vio thong sd khoi lupng v i chilu cao nang tai 2.2 Gia v0n tai Gii vin tai binh quan trSn m^ (tan) dit da hang nam va toin bo thdi gian ton tai cua tung cdng nghp v|n tai xac dinh theo cdng thiic: CB,={CPVTO/(QO, d/tan (3) Trong do: CPVTt - Chi phi van tai dit d i nim t; Qt Khoi Iupng vgn tai dit da nam t, tin CPVTt dupc xic dinh bing ting cac chi phi: CIHJ, Ckii, Cv, C^ Tuong ling l i cic chi phi hoat dpng, khiu hao, lai vay v i chi phi khac tai nam thii i cua phuong i n nam i, d; Q - Khdi lupng dit d i van tai nam thii i, tin; n - Thdi gian phuc vy cua td hpp thief bi Pham vi s i i dung cdng ngh^ van tai theo tieu hao nang lu'ong Kit qua so sanh tieu hao nang lupng theo chiSu cao nang tai A=f(H) tiry thupc vao khii iupng nang tai cua cac cdng nghp vin tai: bing tai, true tai, td dupc the hien d H.I Qua H.I cho thay: _ •:• Khi khii iupng mo yeu cau (Q) nho hon 2000 tan/gid, true tai nang o td cd t h l sii dung tdi chilu cao ning H=370+400 m; Q=2500 tin/gid, true tai nang td sii dung den H=200 m; 0=3000 tan/gid true tai nang o to sir dung tdi H=80 m; Bfii vdi true tai skip: Q180-5-240 m thi cdng nghe van tai lidn hyp d td-bang tai die cd he thing nen cd ting ehi phi van tai nhd nhdt; • Khi Q"=700-1lbo tin/gid', H120 m thi edng nghe van tai lien hop d td-bang tai die ed hd thing nen ed tong chi phi van tai nhd nhit; • Khi Q'>1100 tin/giy thi edng nghe v§n tai lien hyp d td-bang tai die ed he thing nen ed tdng ehi phi van tai nhd nhit; • Vol mdi ehilu sau md khae nhau, phu thude khii luyng dit bdc tgi cac ting thi ehilu sau chuyin tilp dgng van tai se khae nhau; ehilu sdu chuyin tilp dang van tai tang len nang suit van tai yeu clu nhd va nguyc lgi chilu s§u chuyin tilp thip nang suit vgn tai yeu elu Id'n Cdng nghe van tai dat da hop ly tai eac mo than Id thien sau d Viet Nam duoc trinh b^y d Bang ^M, KliSllli?liE»li«biiih ii«Q'-= ! j / ^ 4^ i § / ' f, , ^ ^ V^ „ •r ^- / t- ^- yf ^30000 i.o» V m^.6 C^^' '"'"•-,