CNM KY NIEM 45 NAM DAO TAO NGANH KHAI THAC MO LO THIEN NGHIEN cdu LUA CHON QUY MO DAU TU CONG NGHE VA THIET Bl CHO CAC MO KHAI THAC LO THIEN NHO OT VIET NAM NCS HOANG TUAN CHUNG Trw&ng Dai hgc Cong nghiep Quang Ninh M uc tieu cua lua chpn cdng nghe va thiit bj d i i vdi cac md nhd la phln d i u ap dung rpng rai ca gidi hda d muc dp phu tigp vdi dilu kien cu t h i cua tung md, giam t i i da lao dpng thu cdng, chu trpng c6ng tae m6i trudng, khai thac va su dung triet d l tai nguyen Viec lua chpn va su dung phij hgp edng nghe, thiit bj khai thac ed vai trd quyit djnh tdi hieu qua eae hoat dpng khai thae 16 thien, dd la: Dam bao dp tin eay v l ky thuat khai thae; Nang cao kha nang thu hii, giam thilu t i n thIt khoang san; Nang cao hieu qua kinh t l hoat dpng khai thac khoang san; Dam bao an toan thuc hien cac khau cdng nghe va bao ve t i t mdi trudng khu vuc khai thae; Gdp phln giup cdng tac quan ly ky thuat, quan ly nha nudc hoat ddng khai thac quy chuIn han; Nang cao trinh dp dpi ngu can bp ky thuat va c6ng nhan lanh nghi ITnh vuc hoat ddng khoang san Vdi eae md nhd d Viet Nam thudng cd dilu kien dja chit md phue tap, ed dilu kien tu nhien da dang, kha nang v l tai ehinh han ehi, nang luc v l t l chuc san xult y l u , thilu kinh nghiem nen viec lua chpn cdng nghe va thiit bj khai thac phiJ hgp cang trd mpt v l n d l quan trpng hang d i u kiii t l chLPC eae hoat dpng khai thac khoang san Vdi moi loai md 16 thien khai thac eac khoang san khae se ed mdt md hinh edng nghe va cac thiit bi khai thac phu hgp nhit djnh Oo vay d l phat huy tieh cue vai trd eua cdng nghe c i n xem xet ting quan eac dilu kien tu nhien-kinh t l - ky thuat d l lua chpn quy md d i u tu cdng nghe va thiit bj phu hgp Yeu clu lya chon quy mo diu tu- cong nghe khai thac cho cac mo nho Trong eac giai phap ky thuat d l nang cao hieu qua cua khai thac 16 thien la lua chpn hgp ly edng nghe khai thac C6ng nghe khai thac su dung lien quan tdi eac thong s l cua he thing khai thac, he thing md via; s l lugng, nang suit cae chung loai thiit bj khai thac va gia c6ng c h i biln Ding thdi viec su dung cdng nghe khai thac khae eung CONG NGHIEP MO SO - mang lai hieu qua kinh t l , muc dp an toan va tae ddng tdi mdi trudng khac Lua chpn cong nghe khai thac hgp ly la giai phap cd tinh ting hgp d l md khai thac khoang san Id thien giai quyit eac bai toan kinh t l ky thuat, an toan va bao ve mdi trudng t i t nhit Oo vay lua chpn quy md diu tu cdng nghe phai dam bao dugc cac yeu c l u sau: • Cong nghe khai thac phai dam bao phu hgp vdi dilu kien tu nhien cua khoang sang, ed dp tin cay cao, cd t h i thay d i i ndi dung cdng nghe theo dac dilm dilu kien tu nhien, dja chit md; • Cong nghe khai thae phai ed dd tin cay cao v l ky thuat, hieu qua kinh t l , an toan va bao ve tit moi trudng; thuc su la c6ng nghe sach than thien vdi mdi trudng • Cdng nghe va thiit bj khai thac lua chpn phai phu hgp vdi quy mo san lugng md, npi dung, phln cung nhu tinh chit eua eac khau e6ng nghe, muc dich su dung va tuang xung vdi gia trj thu hii cua san phlm khoang • Cong nghe va thiit bj su dung phai cd tinh kha thi cao, phu hgp vdi kha nang cung ung thiit bj eung nhu trinh dp va nang luc quan ly van hanh d muc dp trung binh tien tiin dilu kien thuc t l cua Viet Nam Mdi quan he giira quy mo diu tu' cong nghe-thilt bj vo'i quy mo san lu'gng khai thac va tong doanh thu Gia tinh cho mpt dan vj khoi lugng khoang san khai thae dugc cd t h i xac djnh theo eae y l u t l ehi phi nhu sau [4]: n k ^ " Z Z ^ i j ,d/m' (1) i=1 j = Trong dd: QJ - Cac y l u t l chi phi thu j cua khau cdng nghe thu i (cdng doan san xult) cac qua trinh san xult cua edng nghe khai thac Id thien khoang san rIn Tdng ehi phi san xult m6t nam dugc xac djnh theo quy md san lugng khai thae tinh cho san phlm khoang se la: KY NIEM 45 NAM DAO TAO NGANH KHAI THAC MO LO THIEN C=A CNM nl k1 + CNLJJ + CvLlj + CpLij + CTLIJ SI (2) 1=1 j=1 n2k2 +'^sxtbH 1=1 j=1 +CNLJJ + CvLij + CDLIJ +CTLij + C C P K } + C O Trong dd: C - Ty ding/nam; CVLIJ - Chi phi vat lieu; CNUJ - Chi phi nhien lieu; CBUJ - Chi phi ddng luc; CTLIJ Chi phi tiin luang cdng nhan true tilp, phu trg, quan ly phan xudng; CCPKIJ Chi phi chung khac phuc vu san xult tai phan xudng; Gj- Gia trj nguyen thuy cua thiit bj khai thac, ding, ksc - Ty le gia tri sua chua Idn thiit bj, ding; Qij - Nang suit cua thiit bj dvsp/nam; T Thdi gian khIu hao thiit bj; ksxtb - He s l bdc dit da n1 kl L = Ag-AXZ 1=1 j=i n2 k2 •^sxtbH 1=1 j=1 san xuat tnjng binh, m /dvsp; n^ n2 - Sd khau cong nghe khai thac quang va bdc dit da; ki, k2 - S l thiit bj cac khau cdng nghe cua khai thac quang va bdc dit da; A - San lugng quang khai thac nam, m%am Co- Gia trj khIu hao vln d i u tu xay lip ban diu Tu edng thuc (2), Igi nhuan thu dugc tu hoat dpng khai thac khoang san dugc xac djnh: Gij(l+ksc)' + CNLIJ + CvLij + CDLIJ + C j|_ij QijT (3) G|i(l + ksc)l }+Co + CNUJ + +CvLij + CDLIJ + CTLIJ J+ CCPK QijT Tai day: g - Gia ban 1dvsp nguyen khai; L - Lgi nhuan, ty dIng/nam Cd t h i dat: nl k1 fGi-j(l + ksc)" ZI Qi.j-T 1=1j=1 nl kl r n2 k2 +ktbZZ Gij(l + ksc)' Qi.i-T 1=1j=1 , J M (4) n2 k2r ZZ[c,•'NLI + QvLi.j+CDLI.j+Q i.jl^tbEZ[c,NLI 1=1j=i 1=1i=1 Trong dd: • M - Dai lugng dac trung cho ting gia tri cua thiit bj khai thac bao g i m ting gia tri khIu hao v l n nguyen thuy va khIu hao sua chua Idn eua thiit bj cac khau edng nghe khai thae Gia tri M phan anh s l lugng chung loai gia tri eung nhu nang suit cua thiit bi khai thae lua chpn, ding thdi phu thuoc vao sa d l edng nghe khai thac • P - Ting cac ehi phi nhien lieu, vat lieu, dpng luc va tiin luang su dung cac thiit bj l dung Ty le phan anh muc dp iiien dai tien tiin, tu dpng hoa cua thiit bj su dung Vdi cac thiit bj khai thac khac ty 1$ la khac nhau; ty \i + CvLl.j+CDLi.j+GTLi.jJ = (5) cang nhd thi muc dp hien dai tien tiin cua cae thiit bj cang Idn Chi tieu M va P phan anh v l n d i u tu thiit bi, nd anh hudng Idn tdi hieu qua khai thac, ding thdi phu thupe vao n6i dung cdng nghe su dung Tu cdng thuc (3)+(6) cd: L = G-A[M(l+kp)+C,pk]+Co (7) Nhu vay, Igi nhuan thu dugc nhd hoat dpng khai thae khoang san cd quan he tuyin tinh vdi quy md san lugng, gia tri cua san phlm nguyen khai, quy mo v l v l n d i u tu thiit bj, xay lip Hieu qua cua edng nghe khai thac phu thude rIt Idn vao gia tri v l n d i u tu thiit bj va xay l i p vdi mpt loai khoang san xac djnh Tuy nhien gia tri phai d muc dp trung binh tiin tiin d l thoa man hai hoa ding thdi cac muc tieu, dd la hieu qua kinh t l , ky thuat, tan thu khoang san, an toan va bao ve mdi trudng Oo dd, d l lua chpn hgp ly quy md d i u tu cdng nghe va thiit bj c i n xay dung m i l quan he giO-a cac ehi tieu tren M i l quan he dd dugc biiu thj: K = F(G,A)^min (8) Vdi cac rang bupe: CONG NGHIEP MO SO - KY NIEM 45 NAM DAO TAO NGANH KHAI THAC MO LO THIEN Plmln K - ^ K P2min - " T A ""P (9) (10) Tu cac s l lieu thing ke va phuang phap h i i quy cua ly thuylt thing ke [2] xac djnh duge ham s l : y = 0,44397x?'75247^0,16041 (14) (11) Bi«u f pliantinmoiquan h« im wnffauir UtT B G>0,A>0 Trong dd: K - Ting v l n d i u tu xay lip va thiit bi, ty ding; G - Ting doanh thu tinh theo san phlm khoang nguyen khai, ty dIng/nam; A - Quy md san lugng khai thac tinh theo san phlm nguyen khai, dvsp/nam; Ccp - Chi phi cho phep khdng tinh cac khoan thul, chi phi quan ly, Igi nhuan djnh muc ; ding/dvsp; pimin, P2min - Gia tri nhd nhit eua khoang trung binh theo ty le giua v l n d i u tu xay llp-thilt bj vdi ting doanh thu va quy md san lugng D l lap m i i quan he nay, khong t h i xac djnh dugc blng quan he ly thuylt ma phai thong qua xu ly eac s l lieu thing ke tai cac md nhd khai thae khoang san rIn d Viet Nam Thiit lap mdi quan he giCra quy mo diu tU' vdn xay lip, thiit bj vo'i quy mo san lu'O'ng va ting doanh thu cac mo nhd blng xu' ly kit qua thing ke a) Xay dung m6 hinh quan he ham s l t h i hien md hinh tuang quan giua cac chi tieu cua md nhd khai thae khoang san rIn Id thien Tu phan tieh tren, thIy ring m i i quan he giCVa v l n d i u tu xay lip, thiit bj vdi ting doanh thu va quy md san lugng ed t h i cd dang md hinh tuang quan b6i: Kxb=f(G,A) (12) Bk xay dung phuang trinh h i i quy, can cu vao s l lieu thing ke[3], k i t qua phan loai md nhd (47 md) [4] Dua cac s l lieu kinh tl-ky thuat len biiu d l Kxb=f(G)vaKxb7f(A) (hinhl) Qua cac biiu d l tren, thIy ring m i i quan he tuang quan cap cua cae ehi tieu cd dang phi tuyin tuang tu bae nhit Sau dung phuang phap Tulen-Mua [1] d l loai tru eac s l lieu thd cua md, s l lugng s l lieu su dung d l thiit lap m i i quan he la 40 md Gia su m i i quan he tuang quan giua eae chi tieu theo md hinh tuang quan cap va tuang quan boi cd dang phi tuyin ham s l mu: y = aoXi^i.X2^2 (13) Trong dd y=Kxb vln xay llp-thilt bi, ty ding; Xi=G ting doanh thu hang nam, ty ding; X2=A quy md san lugng khoang san nguyen khai khai thac, ngan dvsp/ nam; ao, ai, a2 la cae he s l cua ham s l CONG NGHIEP MO SO 5-2010 voiquymo un b'ong t XO • * t * • D 3) iS f W t( ,"», Qif mo san krvngngan A^pAiam « m 1^ \i Heu phan 1a'n moi quan h? giira wn X L+TB voi bng doanh tiu m Jd ^0 *f4LU a L *V •t t ,10 ' i , 15 I 20 I 25 TônĐ doanh tiiu, l^dAiani H.I Do thi phan tan giCra von dau tw xay lip vai quy mo san Iwang va tdng doanh thu Sau xac djnh he s l tuang quan, he s l tuang quan ea biet eung nhu kilm djnh he s l tuang quan theo yeu c l u ThIy ring: Ham s l tuang quan dugc thiit lap tren ca sd xu ly s l lieu thing ke thdng qua su dung thuat toan phan tich va xay dung phuang trinh hii quy tuang quan bdi dang phi tuyin ed du dp tin cay theo yeu clu d l su dung lua chpn v l n d i u tu xay l i p thiit bj phu hgp vdi ting doanh thu va quy md san lugng Khi su dung ham s l c i n luu y ring quy md san lugng quan he khdng chat che blng ting doanh thu vdi v l n d i u tu xay llp-thilt bj Oo vay c i n chu trpng quan tam tdi ting doanh thu tren ca sd thoa man v l chi tieu san lugng Mat khac c i n xac djnh khoang hgp ly (miin nghiem phu hgp) cho bai toan quan he phi tuyin da dugc thiit lap - KY NIEM 45 NAM DAO TAO NGANH KHAI THAC MO LO THIEN b) Xac djnh khoang ty le hgp ly giu-a v l n d i u tu xay llp-thilt bj vdi ting doanh thu va quy md san lugng eae md nhd Tu eae s l lieu thing ke xac djnh cac ty le: Ki K: (15) Xii - • va Xi Gi '^ Ai Khi s l lugng m i u Idn n >30, gia tri trung binh cua cac ty le [2] duge tinh: X - Z a / - r ^ t l ^ X + Z„/2 ' • ^ (16) VH Trong dd: x - Trung binh cpng cua cac ty le Xi; s Dp lech ehuin hieu chinh dugc xae djnh theo ptiuang sai hieu ehinh; n - S l lugng cae s l lieu; z la biln c l nglu nhien cd phan phii chuIn, vdi dp tin cay 95% (a=0,05) thi Za/2=1,96 Tu cac cong thuc va s l lieu thing ke [3] lap dugc bang eac gia tri cua ty le cac chi tieu va s l p xlp theo trinh tu Idn d i n Dua cac ty le len biiu, d l , hinh H.2 0,069-0,96 M m , p , , 0,069+0,96 °'°34^^ Vae" " • V36 Nhu vay gia tri trung binh cua ty le Pi,p2 la: 0,588 0,588 Xi j 0,44397xf^247^'^^°^-' > 0,063 ftW, C^e mS M Tflep \ ->Ccp,Xi >0,X2 >0 Bouffof If VonHUTB wiquymo unlirong QjGu' Vdi y=Kxb, Xi=G, X2=A, Ccp la gia Idn nhit cho phep |0.70 Oi60 i 0^- m0,30030^ 0,10- jtrf* / / Cka mi nwh H.2 Ty le von dau tw xay lap-thiet bi vai tong doanh thu va quy mo san Iwang cac md nho Sau loai tru s l lieu th6 theo Tulen-Mua [1], tiin hanh chia t l va xac djnh cae thdng s l ludng thing ke Tu edng thuc (16) cd: 0,6411-0,96 °:^ri t h e basic specifications of dump frucksfancl the analysis and evaluation qf the Ihod for dump truck selection prpcKrbf haullrig v^ste on surface coal mine yttlQuling Ninh have included the feasibility of llstment capabilities in the future ... doanh thu tinh theo san phlm khoang nguyen khai, ty dIng /nam; A - Quy md san lugng khai thac tinh theo san phlm nguyen khai, dvsp /nam; Ccp - Chi phi cho phep khdng tinh cac khoan thul, chi phi... ting doanh thu hang nam, ty ding; X2=A quy md san lugng khoang san nguyen khai khai thac, ngan dvsp/ nam; ao, ai, a2 la cae he s l cua ham s l CONG NGHIEP MO SO 5-2010 voiquymo un b''ong t XO... /dvsp; n^ n2 - Sd khau cong nghe khai thac quang va bdc dit da; ki, k2 - S l thiit bj cac khau cdng nghe cua khai thac quang va bdc dit da; A - San lugng quang khai thac nam, m%am Co- Gia trj khIu