Giới thiệu công nghệ điện phân nhôm AP50

Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o \l GlOri THIEU CONG NGHE DIEN PHRN NHOM fiPSO Recently, the first aluminium electrolytic plant in Vietnam has been constructed in Nhan Co Dak Nong province, with the design capacity of 300,000 tons of aluminium/year, using the aluminium electrolytic technology AP50, providing the aluminium products and meeting the domestic demands In this paper, the authors introduce some advanced aluminium electrolytic technologies on the world KS L A M V A N D O N G ThS N G U Y £ N V A N M I N H Vien Khoa hoc COng nghO MO-Vinacomin Bien tap: ThS Hoang Minh Hung Theo cac tai lieu nghien cuu hien cd, tai nguyen bauxit d Vigt Nam dy tinh khoang 5,5 •*• 6,9 ty tin, thudc quIc gia cd tai nguyen bauxit Idn tren t h i gidi Trong dd, quang bauxit d Bao Lam, Lam Dong cd tru* lugng 975 trigu tin, chiem 18% toan tru lugng bauxit d khu vue Tay Nguyen, trQ" lugng quang bauxit d tfnh Dak Ndng cd trir lugng 3,4 ty t i n , ehilm 63% toan tru lugng bauxit d khu vge Tay Nguyen Hien nay, tgi Tay Nguyen, Tgp doan Cdng nghigp Than Khoang san Vigt Nam dang dau tu to hgp san xuit alumin Tan Rai va Nhan Co mdi t l hgp cd e6ng suit alumin dgt 650.000 tin/nam San phim alumin cua Cdng ty Nhdm Lam Dong da dugc xuit khau nhieu nudc nhu: Thuy Sy, Singapore, Han Quoc, Trung Quoc Nhu vgy, vdi t l hgp tren chi san xuat dugc san phim alumin, dugc coi la ban phim, ehua san xuit dugc nh6m kim logi Trong dd, hang nam nudc ta vin phai nhgp khiu lugng Idn nhdm kim logi, dd, djnh hudng phat triln cdng nghiep nhdm da dugc Dang va Nha nude dae bigt quan tam, CO;? nghTa to Idn v l kinh t l - xa hpi xa Nhan Co, huyen Dak R'Lip, tinh Dak Ndng, vdi cdng suit thilt k l 300.000 t i n nhdm thdi/nam Cdng ty TNHH Luygn kim Trin Hong Quan lam chii dau tu, su dung cdng nghg dien phan nhom AP50 - cdng nghe Tgp doan Rio Tinto Alcal cua Phap eung eip, day la cdng nghe tien tien nhat hign San pham dau cua du an la nhdm kim loai, dap u'ng nhu c l u nude, thay th§ hang nhap khau Cdng nghe dign phan nhdm tien tiln tren the gidi cd nhieu loai, nhien, v l co ban, v i n theo ky thuat dien phan nhdm Hall-Heroult (dien phan dung djch muoi ndng chay eryolit-alumin) Vira qua, nha may dign phan nhdm dau tien cua Vigt Nam da dugc khdi cdng xay dung tai Nguyen ly eo ban cua qua trinh dien phan nhdm dugc the hign tren hinh 1 Gid*! thieu cac cdng nghe dien phan nhdm tien t i l n tren t h i gid'i KT thuat didn phan nhom Hall-Heroult da dugc phat trien tu* nam 1886, Hall (ngudi My) va Heroult (ngudi Phap) dong thdi phat minh Cdng nghe da trai qua nhieu qua trinh thay d l i quan trgng ve cae khau quy trinh san xuat, den nay, cdng nghg da dgt dugc cae thdng sd kT thuat kha tot va van dang tilp tuc dugc cai tiln, nang eip NasAlF* Oacbou anode BE BIEN P M A K Thi€t bi Ipc bvi Al^Os tu4n hoan Hinh Sa cOng nghe dien phin nhOm Hall - Heroult 3Di€ii iiiQt cliie^ M Due nbdm KHCNM SO 2/2015 * CN TUVEN CHE BIEN THAN- K E I O A N G SAN Thdng tin khoa hoc cong nghe md Dya tren nguyen ly chung eua edng nghe • dign phan Hall-Heroult, cdc edng ty, to chiec nghien ciru, cd nhO'ng sang kiln, cai tgo ve quy trinh vgn hanh va dilu khien rieng, tip dd, hinh nen cac edng nghg san xuit dgc quyen cae edng nghg tien tiln noi tiing hien la: AP eiia Rio Tmto Alcal, RA eua Rusal, DX cua DUBAI, HEEP cua NEUI, SY cua SAMI, Cac cdng nghe da dat dugc cac thdng s l kT thuat kha tot vdi tieu hao dien nang thip, tip 12 -13,5 kWh/kg Al Cac cdng ty san xuit Idn tren t h i gidi deu dang dung mgt cac edng nghe AP, RA, DX, SY Bang la danh sach 10 cdng ty nhdm Idn nhit t h i gidi nam 2012 (theo x I p hgng nang Igc san xuit va theo udc tinh tren co sd thong ke cua CRU - London) Bing TT Dan vj: nghin tin Ten cong ty Sin lupmg United Co Rusal 4,173 Alcoa Inc 3,742 Aluminum Corp of China 3,602 Rio Tmto Group.Vedothi 2,395 Norsk Hydro ASA 2,037 China Power Investment Co 1,994 1,630 Weiqiao Pioneenng Group Co Shandong Xinfa Aluminum and Electricity Group Dubai Aluminium Co 10 BHP Billiton Ltd 1,092 1,715 1,420 1.1 Cong nghe DX+ cua Dubai Aluminium (DUBAL) Cong tyDUBAL( Cac tilu Vuong quoc A Rap Hinh Be dien phan DUBALs DX + Thing nhit) dugc x I p hang top cua eae nha may san xuit cdng nghigp tren t h i gidi Tip dau lap vao nam 1979 vdi 350 be dign phan ed eudng dd ddng dien la 150KA thi din nay, Cdng ty da cai tiln, phat triln edng nghg rieng DX+ cua minh vdi 444 be dang hoat ddng cd eudng dd ddng 420*460KA vdi muc tieu hao dien nang khoang 13 kWh/kg Al 1.2.Be di^n phan cu^ng dg dong cao fg/ Trung Qudc Trung Quoc cd kha nhieu nha mdy dign phan nhdm vdi ting san lugng hon 20 trieu tan nhdm/nam, chilm gan 50% san lugng eua the gidi nam 2012 (theo worid-aluminium.org) Do dd, cd nhieu trudng dai hpe, vien nghien cipu va cac cdng ty tham gia nghien ciru, phat then cac edng ngh§ di^n phan dung ddng dien cudng dg cao Trong dd, cdng nhit la hai cdng nghg be dign phan HEEP va SY Cdng nghg be HEEP (High Energy Efficieney Pot) dugc phat trien bdi Northeastern University Engineering & Research Institute Co Ltd Cac be dien phan HEEP dang hogt ddng vol cudng dg ddng dign tip 415 ^ 460kA tgi mgt s l nha may Trung Quoc vdi mipc tieu hao dign nang khoang 12,5 kWh/kg Al nhu Henan Zhongfu Industry Co (415 kA), Linfeng Aluminium Industry va Power Co (440 kA), Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Co (430 kA) va Jinning Aluminium Co (460 kA) Ngoai ra, Cdng ty cung phat trien edng be 500kA hogt dgng vdi dign ap 3,85V vdi tieu hao dien nang 12,5 kWh/kg Al Cdng ty TNHH Vign Nghien ciPU Thiet k l Nhdm - Magie Tham Duong da phat trien Hinh COng nghi bS di$n phin KHCNM S 2/2015 • C^ TLVEN CHE BIEN THAN- KHOANG SAN HEEP Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo Hinh Cdng nghi bi didn phin SYSOO Hinh Cdng nghd be diin phin RA-500 Bing RA-500 Thdng so ki thuat AP50 DX* HEEP SYSOO Cu-O-ng dp dOng dien (KA) 500 460 460 500 520 12,5-13,2 13,19 12,6-13 12,5-13 13.10 Higu s u i t dOng dien (%) 94,5 94,9 94,2 94 94,4 San luong ( t i n Al/bl/nggy) 4.3 3,36 0,41 0,401 >99,9 99,92 >99,9 3,96 Tlfeu thy cacbon (kg C/kg Al) >99,9 TlSu hao diOn ngng (kVVh/kg Al) Chat lu'Ong san p h i m nhOm (%) cdng eae t h i h0 b l dien phan SY nhu: SY160; SY190; SY200; SY24d; SY2B0; SY300; SY375; SY400; SY500 Hien nay, Cdng ty dang tilp tue nghien eu'u phat triln b l SY600 Cdng nghg b l SY dang dugc ap dung nhieu nha may tai Trung QuIc, Mdng Co, Malaysia, cac be cd muc tieu hao dign nang khoang 12,5 kWh/kg Al 1.3 Cdng ngh$ RA cOa Rusal Cdng ty RUSAL (Nga) la edng ty nhdm Idn nhit t h i gidi, RUSAL chilm gan 9% san lugng nhdm chinh cua t h i gidi Rusal da phat triln rieng cho minh cdng nghg dign phan RA nhu RA-300, RA-400 and RA-500 va dang phat triln t h i hg tilp theo 1.4 Cong ngh$ AP cua Rio Tinto Alcal Rio Tinto Alcal Inc la m0t nhO'ng cdng ty hang diu ITnh vyc khai thac md va san xuit nhdm Rio Tinto Alcal da phat triln va ipng dyng thdnh cdng cae be di0n phan nhdm cdng ngh$ AP, nhu API 3; API 8; AP30; AP40; AP50 Phin Idn cac nha may dign phan dang dung cdng nghg cu da va dang chuyen doi, nang d p tip cdng ngh0 AP30; AP40 sang AP50 Hien nay, Cdng ty da phat triin cdng cac b l AP60, hogt dpng vdt cudng dg ddng 600KA tai Jonquidre (Quebec) - Canada vgi mipc tieu hao d\er\ nang99,9 MOt so thdng s l kT thuat eua eae be dign phan cdng nghe tien tien tren the gidi dugc the hign tren bang Nhu vgy, cdng ngheAP50 la mdt nhung cdng ngh# didn phan nhdm tien tiln nhit hign vdi nang suit Idn, tieu hao (Sgn nang thap, chat lugng san pham nhdm thdi cao > 99,9% Al, dap U'ng t i t nhit v l tieu ehi: chi phi - hieu qua tilt kigm nang lugng va than thign vdi mdi trudng theo tieu chuan cua cac nudc cdng nghigp phat triln tren t h i gidi G7 Gid'i thigu cong nghg dien phan nhdm AP50 Nha may dign phan nhdm d i u tien ciia Viet Nam ap dung edng nghg dien phan nhdm AP50 Quy trinh van hanh cdng nghe eae edng dogn chinh cua nha may tuong tu nhu cac nha may khac dung cdng nghg AP50 tren the gidi So khoi cdng nghg cua nha mdy dign phan nhdm AP50 dugc the hien tren hinh Qua trinh dign phan nhdm dugc thyc hign chinh xudng dign phan, nguyen iieu dugc d p thdng qua he thong van chuyin HOPS tif kho, tip trgm xiy ly khi, tram XLP ly khdi tdi be dien phan Nhdm Idng thao tip b l dign phan, chipa gau mue van chuyen tdi xudng diic d l diic nhdm thdi Cac thai, bui qua trinh KHCNM s o 2/2015 * C \ TL \ EN CHE BIEN THAN- KH0,\NG S.AN Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m d Hinh Bd dien phin AP50 dign phan va che tao eye duong dugc thu hoi, xu ly cae xudng xu ly va khdi Chi tilt eae cac cong dogn chinh nhu sau: Xu^ng di0n phan: La hang myc chinh eua Nha may, bao gIm cae be dien phan dgt song song gin Be dien phan la mpt ket ca'u thep hinh chip nhat rong, Idp dugc phu ggch ehju ICpa va Idp cung lat cac khli carbon dung lam cyc am.Theo cdng nghg nay, nhdm dugc san xuat bang each cho ddng dign mpt chilu true tilp di qua b l , be ed hdn hgp eryolit (NasAIFs) ldm eho nhdm kim logi ndng ehay bj taeh Ngoai ra, ngudi ta cdn cho them mgt so chit phy gia de bao dam mgt do, dg din dign va dg nhdt thieh hgp eho chat Idng ndng chay be Chit phy gia chinh la nhdm florua (AIF3) dugc bd sung theo thdi gian Florua phat thai qua trinh dien phan se dugc thu hoi qua nap b l , qua he thong ong dan dua den xu ly tai he thong XLP ly (CTG) Nhigt dO ben be dien phan dugc giCp on djnh khoang 950°C bang viec cung cap lien tue dong dien mdt ehieu Oxy phan ipng vdi carbon cyc duong (anit) se tgo carbon dioxide {CO va CO2) JSJhdm kim loai tach ra, ngng hon so vdi vat lieu ndng chay be nen chim xuIng day b l phfa cyc am Am cyc (catit) dugc iam bing cae tam than, Idt tren Idp gach ehju lua Trong mdi b l , cac khoi andt dugc kit n l i vdi ludi dien bang eae kim logi tgo cac cym anot Cac anIt dugc treo phia tren cao b l dign vaphan duoc dieu khiln qua he thing may tinh de ludn giu mpt khoang each nhat djnh vdi catot day b§ Mdi be dien phan bao gom 24 eym anIt dugc thay the dinh ky CatIt ket nd'i vdi Idp vd thdp be, truyen ddng dign mpt chieu den anit thdng qua lop nhdm kim loai ndng chay lam trung gian, den cac anot cua b l dien phan tiep theo Alumina, mdt dgng oxit nhdm (AbOs) dugc bo sung d i n vao b l d l tham gia vao qua trinh dign phan va hda tan be ndng chay (AIF3) Nhdm florua duge them vao djnh ky d l tri phan on dyng Id dgng HDPS (He thing van chuyen vat lieu d dgng sieu dgc) Nguyen ly ldm vigc eua hg thong la aluNhdm kim loai (A!) ndng ehay dugc hiit trdn vdi khdng dudi ap suit thip (0,1 djnh ky tip cdc be dien phan de chuyin d i n bar) mdt dudng ong kin thi nd cd cae tinh xudng diic Cae anot se mdn dan suit qua chat chay loang cua mdt chat Idng giong nhu trinh va phai dugc thay t h i dmh ky sau moi 480 nude, dd, alumin cd the dugc van chuyen xa gid Catot va Idp vgt ligu Idt chiu lu'a cua cac be hang tram met ong dudi dp sud't thap Van dign phan cung phai thay the, lan lugt Id sau chu hanh he thong tieu thu rit it nang lugng vd ky 5-^6 nam Khi ehu ky ldm viec cua be dien khdng tao bui phdn kit thuc, be se