Xác định lượng khí thải phát tán vào môi trường của các loại mô tô, xe gắn máy trong nội thành hà nội

NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D | XAC DINH LU-aNG KHI THAI PHAT TAN VAO MOI TRl/ONG C O A CAC LOAI XE MO TO, XE GAN MAY TRONG NOI THANH HA NOI DETERMINING THE EMISSION RELEASED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT BY MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLES TRAVELLING IN HANOI CITY TS ViroTig Van Sou', ThS Vii Thi Xuan-, Vu-oug Tung LSm^ 'Truang Dai hgc Cong nghe Giao thong Van tai ^Truong Dai hge Giao thong Van tai TOM TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qud nghien cicu, diiu tra khdo sdt thu thdp sd lieu di phdn nhdm vd tinh todn xdc dinh lugng thdi phdt tdn vdo mdi truong eUa cdc loai xe md to, xe gdn mdy ngi thdnh Hd Ngi Tir khoa: Xe md to xe gdn mdy xdc dinh luang thdi ABSTRACT This paper, newspaper presents the results of researches, inspections, surveys and data collection to classify and determining the emission released into the environment by motor vehicles, motorcycles travelling in Hanoi city Keywords: Motor vehicles, motorcycles travelling, determining the emission l.MdDAU Ci Viet Nam, phuang tign xe ca giai noi chung va xe may noi rieng dang phat trien vai toe dg rat cao Theo so lieu ciia Cue Canh sat Giao thong, tinh dgn thang 12 nam 2014, so lugng xe may ca nuoc da Ign dgn 30 trieu chigc, Ichu vuc npi Ha Ngi co gan trieu xe may da dugc cap phep luu hanh So lugng xe may 1cm cung vai viec thieu kigm soat dang la nguygn nhan gay su nhiem khong dang bao dgng tai cac thi lan ^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI Bdng I Sd luang cdc loai xe mdy a ndi thdnh Hd Ngi theo r Nam 2000 2005 Xe tay ga 35418 95244 Xeso Tong cong 290670 959313 326088 1054557 Van de tinh toan tong phat thai cua phuang tien giao thong dang dugc rat nhieu nganh quan tam, nhat la cac ca quan quan ly moi truang va quan ly phuang tien giao thong Day la tien dg cho viec tu van de cac ca quan chuc nang nghign cuu viec hoach dinh diing dan chien lugc phat trign giao thong tuang lai, cung nhu giai quygt mgt each thau dao van dg nhiem moi truang phuang tien giao thong gay 2010 344586 1948016 2292602 2014 450584 2347764 2798348 xac dinh thong qua dieu tra, thong kg, danh gia ngn can mgt khoi lugrng cong viec lan Mat khac, ngu muon co mgt he so phat thai trung binh dai dien cho tung loai phuang ti?n xe may doi hoi phai CO chu trinh lai dac trung va mgt lugng lan cae thii nghiem De phii hgp vai pham vi nghien ciru va dac diem phan nhom cac loai xe m6 to, xe gan may tai Viet Nam, dg tai chgn phuang phap tinh toan phan phat thai xe mo to, xe gan may theo he so phat thai va theo nhom phuang tien CHON PHlTONG PHAP TINH TOAN TONG LirgfNG PHAT THAI CUA XE MO Phuang phap nay, tuang tu each tiep can T , XE GAN MAY trgn nhung neu chung loai phuang tien dugc phan nhom mgt each chi tiet thi viec tinh toan Cach thiic tigp can ca ban nhat doi vai tong lugng phat thai se cho ket qua gin vai thuc tong lugng phat thai mgt loai xe may (vi du, te ban Mgt chiing loai phuang tign co thg phan xe Dream, Wave, Lead ), thai mgt nam cac nhom, phan nhom sau [2]: trgn mgt viing nao la phai nam dugc he so phat thai trung binh cua tat ca cac phuang tien 1) Nhan hieu Cling mot loai do, va tong so kilomet cua 2) Loai dpng ca (xang hay diesel, tang ap hay loai phuang tien van hanh mgt nam [1 ] khong tang ap, ky hay ky) 3) Dung tich cong tac cua dpng ca E = e.L 10-^ Tan (1.1) 4) Nam sii dung cua phuang tien hay tong so kilomet da luu hanh Trong do: Trong mgt so truang hgp co thg phan E - Tong lugng phat thai ciia mgt loai nhom nho ban niia, theo kha nang thu thap phucmg tien mgt nam, (tSn/nam); dii lieu vg phuang tien va kha nang xay dung cac e - He so phat thai trung binh ciia tdt ca bp dfl' lieu he so phat thai tuang ling eua tiing cac phuang tien ciing loai, (g/km); phan nhom L - Tong so kilomet van hanh ciia cac loai phuang tien mgt nam, (km/nam) Khi phuang tien da dugc phan nhom thi he so phat thai Iiic se can dugc xay Viec xac dinh tong so kilomet van banh dung a dang be so phat thai trung binh ciia hing ciia cac loai phuang tien mgt nam dugc nhom phuang tien, ei (g/km) Quang duong van ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VI£T NAM, So nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO DOI hanh ciing se duoc tinh cho hing nhom phuang tien, Li (km/nam) Liic nay, cong thiic (1.1) tra XAC DINH SO LU"ONG XE MO TO, XE thanh: GAN MAY TAI THANH PHO HA NOI, PHAN NHOM THEO CAC TIEU CHI E = Iei.Li (1.2) TINH TOAN Trong do: So lugng xe mo to, xe gSn may tai Thanh Ha Ngi xac dinh tren ca sa so lieu dugc cung cap bai Cue Canh sat Giao thong duong bg duong sat - Bg Cong an Sau nghign ciiu each thiic tinh toan dua vao so lugng xe may dang luu hanh, nhom tac gia da dg xuat va dugc Cue Canh sat Giao thong duong bg, duang sat Bg Cong an, dong y cung cap so lieu xe mo to, DIEU TRA XAC DINH DAC D I E M VAN xe gan may da dang ky sii dung tai HANH CUA CAC LOAI XE MO TO, XE Ha Ngi CAN MAY DIEN HINH TAI THANH PHO Cac loai xe mo to, xe gan may tai Ha HANOI Ngi rat da dang ve so lugng, chiing loai Ngu Muc dich khao sat la nham xac dinh tong hgp theo so lieu thong ke day dii bang thong le van hanh cua cac xe mo to, xe gan may cung cap cua Cue Canh sat Giao thong duong dang luu hanh tai npi Ha Ngi Pham vi bp, duong sat - Bp Cong an thi tong nhan hieu khao sat gom cac quan ngi Ha Ngi: Ba cac loai xe may len toi 376 loai, dg giam bat Dinh, CSu Giiy, D6ng Da, Ha Dong, Hai Ba khoi lugng tinh toan, de tai chi dua vao xet phan Tnmg, Hoan Kigm, Hoang Mai, Long Bign, Tu nhom khoang 50 chiing loai xe chigm ty le tuang Liem, Thanh Xuan, Tay Ho doi cao tong so xe may cua Ha Npi E - Tong lugng phat thai ciia tat ca cac phuang tien mgt nam, (tan/nam); ei - He so phat thai trung binh cua mot nhom phuang tien, (g/km); Li - Tong so kilomet van hanh mpt nhom phuang tien mpt nam, (km/nam) Dia digm khao sat la cac mit giao thong Can cii vao bg so lieu thong ke khao sat dac tnmg c6 mat xe may Ion va thuan tien cac loai xe may hien co, dg tai phan chia eho viec xin y kign ghi phieu dieu tra Nhom cac nhom cu the nhu sau: khao sat da tign hanh phong van digu tra tai cac cay xang nam tai cac mit giao thong quan trgng - Xe tay ga (hop so tu dgng): cQa cae quan nhu: + Duai nam - Cua hang xang dau so 42 quan Thanh + Tir nam den nam Xuan, Ha Ngi + Trgn nam - Cay xang Cau Giay, quan Cau Giay, Ha Ngi - Xe s6 (hop s6 digu khign bang chan), he thong - Tram Xang dau Nggc Khanh, quan Ba phun xang dien tii: Dinh, Ha Ngi - Tram Xang dau so Luong Yen, quan + Duai nam Hai Ba Trung, Ha Ngi + TLT nam den nam - Cay xang Cau mai, quan D6ng Da, + Tren nam HaNoiISSN 0866 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN C L K U - T R A O D O I Kgt qua khao sat eho thay, cac xe thugc bai nhom thuong co dung tich cong tac tap himg khoang 100-125cm\ ngn khong can phan loai theo dung tich - Xe s6 {hop s6 digu khign bSng chan), su dung BCHK: + Dung tich duoi 100 cm^ co tuoi dai tir nam tra xuong + Dung tich duoi 100 cm-* co tuoi doi tu den nam + Dung tich duoi 100 cm^ eo tuoi doi tren nam: + Dung tich tu 100 dgn 125 cm^ co tuoi dai tir den nam + Dung tich tii 100 den 125 cm^ co tuoi doi tren nam Moi nhom se chgn mgt loai xe may dai dien co so lugng lan nhat de dua vao tinh toan Digu se giiip cho viec xac dinh tong so km hanh trinh cua nhom xe may da phan loai dugc don gian ban XAC DINH TONG LU'OfNG PHAT THAI Ap dung cong thiic tinh tong lugng phat thai da neu: E = ^ei Li He so phat thai (ei) ciia cac xe may dai dien cho moi nhom se dugc tham khao tii cae dg tai da thuc hien gom: De tai Xay dung chu trinh thu nghiem thai va tigu hao nhien lieu dac trung cho xe gan may a Ha Ngi (HMDC driving cycle) va bg dir lieu he so phat thai cho xe may Chii nhiem de tai: PGS, TS Lg Anh Tuan, Vien Co Dgng luc, Truong Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Npi; De an Tinh toan xac dinh lugng phat thai eiia xe mo to, xe gan may va de xuat cac bien phap kiem soat tai Ion, Truong Dai hgc Cong nghe Giao thong Van tai thuc hien So km van hanh trung binh cua cac nhom xe se dugc tinh toan dua tren ket qua digu tra khao sat Li = [so km van hanh/ngay] x [so boat dgng tuan] x [52 tuAn] x [tong so xe nhom] Kgt qua tinh toan da cho thay tong lugng phat thai cac chat nhiem mgt nam eua cac loai xe mo to, xe gan may ngi Ha Ngi bien nay, nhu bang Bdng Tdng lugng phdt thai cdc chdl d nhiem cua cdc loai xe md to, xe gdn may Irong ngi thdnh Hd Ngi Chat phat thai HC NO, CO CO, Don vi Tan Tan Tan Tan Tong cong 14877 915 108886 232799 KET LUAN Bg dfl lieu tong lugng phat thai de tai tinh toan la phan anh trung thUc tinh hinh nhiem phat thai cua cac loai xe mo to, xe gan may d Ha Ngi Ket qua giiip cho die CCS quan quan ly nam dugc miic dp nhilm khoi^ phat thai cua xe mo to, xe gan may gay ra, co mgt each nhin nhan trflc quan va dan gian ve t6ng Iflgng phat thai ciing nhfl phflOng phap tinh toan Day la mgt yeu to quan trgng viec xay dflng cac m6 hinh va he phat thai gan vdi thflc te, d6ng thcfi mang lai tinh kha thi cao cho cac nghien cflu phat trien tang giao thong tfltfng laL Ket qua nghien cflu cua de an lam co sd tfl van cho cac CO quan chflc nang qua trinh dfla cac tieu chuan, 16 trinh kiem soat nhiem moi trflcmg phflong tien giao thong gay Gop phan bao ve moi trfldng va phat trien ben vflng • ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN ClJfU-TRAO Ddi Ngay nhan bai: 23/02/2015 Ngay phan bien: 20/3/2015 T ^ li^u tham khao: [1] Lee Sliipper, Le Anh Tuan, Hans Om, 2008; Measuring The Invisible: Quantifying The Emissions Reductions From Transport Solution, Hanoi Case Study; EMBARQ, World Resource Institute, USA, Mar, 2008 [2] Tuan Le Anh, Michael Zallinger, Stefan Hausberger, 2005: Improving an instantaneous emission model for passenger cars; 14th Intemational Symposium, ISBN 3-902465-16-6; Graz, Austria, June - 3,2005 [3] Le Anh Tuan (2009), Xay dung chu trinh thii nghiem thai va tieu hao nhien Heu dac tnmg cho xe may o Ha Ngi (HMDC dnvrng cycle) va bg dii Heu he so phat thai cho xe may, De tai cap NCKH OIC-09/052008-2, Sa Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Ha Ngi ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn ... (1.1) tra XAC DINH SO LU"ONG XE MO TO, XE thanh: GAN MAY TAI THANH PHO HA NOI, PHAN NHOM THEO CAC TIEU CHI E = Iei.Li (1.2) TINH TOAN Trong do: So lugng xe mo to, xe gSn may tai Thanh Ha Ngi xac... phat thai xe mo to, xe gan may theo he so phat thai va theo nhom phuang tien CHON PHlTONG PHAP TINH TOAN TONG LirgfNG PHAT THAI CUA XE MO Phuang phap nay, tuang tu each tiep can T , XE GAN MAY... E M VAN xe gan may da dang ky sii dung tai HANH CUA CAC LOAI XE MO TO, XE Ha Ngi CAN MAY DIEN HINH TAI THANH PHO Cac loai xe mo to, xe gan may tai Ha HANOI Ngi rat da dang ve so lugng, chiing