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ĐẢO NGỮ (INVERSION) I Đảo ngữ là gì? Hiện tượng đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh Ví dụ She never goes out on Sunday (câu thường[.]
ĐẢO NGỮ (INVERSION) I Đảo ngữ gì? Hiện tượng đảo ngữ tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh Ví dụ: - She never goes out on Sunday (câu thường) => Never does she go out on Sunday (câu đảo ngữ – người viết/nói muốn nhấn mạnh đến việc không cô ấy) (Cơ khơng ngồi vào Chủ nhật.) II Các cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ 1, Đảo ngữ với trạng từ tần suất (thường trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định) Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V (khơng bao giờ/hiếm làm gì.) Ví dụ: Peter rarely studies hard => Rarely does Peter study hard (Hiếm Peter học hành chăm chỉ.) 2, Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện * Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V… (Nếu như… …) Ví dụ: If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping => Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping (Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp cắm trại.) * Câu điều kiện loại 2: Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V (Nếu … …) Ví dụ: If I had money, I would buy that car => Were I to have money, I would buy that car (Nếu tơi có tiền tơi mua tơ đó.) If I were you, I would work harder => Were I you, I would work harder (Nếu bạn, làm việc chăm hơn.) * Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII (Nếu … …) Ví dụ: If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache => Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache (Nếu cô không ăn bánh khơng bị đau bụng.) Chú ý: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện đảo mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên 3 Đảo ngữ miêu tả hành động xảy sát sau lúc No sooner… than Scarely… when Scarely… when … + had + S + PII …+ (ngay sau … ) S + Ved Hardly… when Ví dụ: No sooner had he come than she left => Hardly had he come when she left (Ngay sau anh đến rời đi.) 4, Đảo ngữ với until It was not … until that…: mãi => Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + … Ví dụ: It was not I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me => Not until did I become a mother that I knew how my mother loved me (Mãi làm mẹ mới biết mẹ yêu đến nhường nào.) Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ cách thức (trạng từ) Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V Ví dụ: Beautifully did she sing (Cơ hát hay.) Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ thời gian (With adverbs of time): Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V Ví dụ: Very often have we tried to it but we fail (Chúng cố gắng làm nhiều lần thất bại.) 8, Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place): Phó từ + V + S Ví dụ: Here comes the fall (Mùa thu tới đây.) 9, Hình thức đảo ngữ với now, thus, then, here, there - Chỉ được đảo ngữ chủ ngữ danh từ, khơng hốn chuyển chủ ngữ đại từ Ví dụ: There comes the bus = There it comes (Xe buýt tới rồi.) 10, Đảo ngữ với so … that such… that So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S + that… (đến nỡi mà) Ví dụ: This book is so interesting that I’ve read it many times => So interesting is this book that I’ve read it many times (Cuốn sách thú vị đến nỗi mà tơi đọc nhiều lần.) SUCH + BE(chia) (+ A/AN) + N + THAT + S + V + O Hoặc: SUCH (+ A/AN) + N + BE + S + THAT + S + V + O Vd: - Such is a beautiful girl that all boys love her (1 cô gái quá đẹp đến nỗi bọn trai thích) - Such a beautiful girl is she that all boys love her 11, Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO NOT No+ N + trợ động từ + S + Verb(inf) Not any + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb(inf) Ví dụ: No books shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on (Từ không cho bạn mượn bất cứ quyển sách nữa.) 12, Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY Only one: Only later: sau Only in this way: cách Only in that way: cách Only then + trợ động từ+ S+ V: sau Only after+ N: sau Only by V_ing / N: cách này/ việc Only when + clause: Only with + N: với Only if+ clause: Only in adv of time/ place: lúc/ở Only … + trợ động từ + S + V (câu mệnh đề) Only … + S + V + trợ động từ + S + V (câu mệnh đề) Ví dụ: Only one time did I meet Obama (Tôi được gặp Obama mỗi một lần.) Only when I talked to her did I like her (Chỉ tơi nói chuyện với tơi mới quý ấy.) 12, Hình thức đảo ngữ với cụm từ có No At no time: không lúc On no condition: không với điều kiện On no account : Khơng lí Under/ in no circumstances: không trường hợp For no searson: không lý In no way: không cách No longer: không còn No where: không nơi Ví dụ: Under no case should you leave here Trong bất cứ trường hợp bạn cũng không nên rời khỏi No longer does he live next to me Bây anh khơng còn hàng xóm tơi nữa 13, Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only… but… also… Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but… also… (khơng mà còn) Ví dụ: Not only is he good at History but he also sings very beautifully (Không những anh giỏi lịch sử mà còn hát hay.) 14 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ: Trong tiếng Anh đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) “to be” trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” trước S (chủ ngữ) Ví dụ: The probem is easy => Easy is the problem (Vấn đề đơn giản.) 15 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh động từ Trong tiếng Anh nhấn mạnh động từ đơn quá khứ đơn cách thêm trợ động từ dạng tương ứng với Ví dụ: I stayed at home yesterday => I did stay at home yesterday (Tôi ở nhà cả ngày hôm qua) BÀI TẬP Bài Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ: He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone => So He hardly bought a new bike when he had an accident (1) => Hardly (2) => No sooner The thief ran away => Away I could drive a car only when I reached 30 => Only when If he goes to school, he will have money => Should The man not only beat the child but also took all her money => Not only She will never accept his proposal => At no time Mr Bean rarely showed his intelligence => Rarely I phone him as soon as I went home (1) => No sooner (2) => Scarcely 10 If you had followed the advice, you would have succeeded => Had 11 He dived into the sea => Into 12 If he had money, he would travel => Were 13 She is such a gentle girl that she speaks very softly => Such 14 The girl lay on the bed => On 15 It was not until she was 18 that she went abroad => Not until 16 We can only improve our skills by training hard => Only 17 They are here => Here 18 He no longer drinks coffee => No 19 He stood outside the door => Outside 20 It was not until they were robbed of money that they became more careful => Not until Bài Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ She had never been so happy before => Never before………………………………………… I have never heard such nonsense! => Never………………………………………………… I have never seen such a mess in my life => Never in my life………………………………… Our profits have never been higher than they are this year => Never………………………… The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration =>Never…………………… I've never come across such a horrifying film => Never……………………………………… I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production => Never…………………………… I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you => Never………………………… I'll never forget you => Never ……………………………………………………………… Bài Dùng RARELY, SELDOM LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ One rarely finds good service these days =>Rarely……………………………………………………… She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village => Rarely……………………………… Public borrowing has seldom been so high => Seldom………………………………………… They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony => Seldom………………………… They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success => Little…………………………… The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent => Little………………………………………… He has seldom seen anything stranger => Seldom…………………………………………… Bài Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT He is my friend as well as yours => Not only………………………………………………… He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me => Not only……………………………………… Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder => Not only……………………………………………… He is both intelligent and handsome => Not only…………………………………………………………………… She is impatient and dishonest => Not only……………………………………………………… The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat => Not…………………………………………………………………………… She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations => Not…………………………………………………………………………… She is not only beautiful but also attractive => Not…………………………………………………………………………… He translated not only fast but also correctly => Not…………………………………………………………………………… 10 They are not only good at mathematics but also at science => Not…………………………………………………………………………… 11 She not only sings but also dances => Not………………………………………………………………… Bài Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang => No sooner _ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back => Hardly _ He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang => Not until We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months => Only _ A sleeping dog was lying under the table => Under the table _ His brother had rarely been more excited => Rarely _ The facts were not all made public until later => Only If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job => Had _ Bài Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it 1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired => Only I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home => Only It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat => Only I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage => Only 5 They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating => Only They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left => Only I didn’t realize who he was until later => Only The door could not be opened without using force => Only I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized => Only 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day => Only Bài Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win => Should If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after A.M => Should If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice => Should If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April => Should If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately => Should If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form => Should If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here => Should Bài Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing => Were _ Would you visit me if I were sent to prison? => Were _ I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop => Had _ If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car => Were _ If I were you, I would tell him the truth => Were _ If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them => Were _ If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry => Had _ If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work => Had _ If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something => Had _ 10 If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train => Had _ Bài Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach => So He is so strong that he can lift the box => So He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him => Such He ate so much food that he became ill => So It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it => Such He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them => So She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her => Such This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it => So He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him => Such 10 She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair => So 11 It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road => Such 12 This tea is so good that I’ll have another cup => So Bài 10 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me => Not only _ He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang => No sooner _ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back => Hardly _ He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang => Not until We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months => Only _ I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you => Never A sleeping dog was lying under the table => Under the table _ His brother had rarely been more excited => Rarely _ The facts were not all made public until later => Only 10 If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job => Had _ 11 The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff => Such 12 Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder => Not only 13 The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer => Little _ 14 If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me? => Should 15 The bus driver cannot be blamed for the accident in any way => In _ 16 The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled => So _ 17 If the government raised interest rates They would lose the election => Were 18 As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door => No sooner _ 19 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed => Such 20 It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March => Seldom 21 You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked => Only 22 Just after the play started there was a power failure => Hardly 23 The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this => Rarely _ 24 We had only just arrived home when the police called => Scarcely _ 25 Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage => On no _ 26 The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record => Never before _ 27 The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began => Barely 28 She seldom misses a lecture => Seldom _ 29 As soon as we had come home, it started to rain => No sooner _ 30 As soon as we had turned on the TV, the electricity went out => Hardly _ 31 I have never been embarrassed like that! => Never _ 32 She had never experienced this exhilarating emotion in her life => Never _ 33 He has seldom seen anything stranger => Seldom _ 34 I have seldom seen him looking so miserable => Seldom _ 35 As soon as I had got out of the bed, the phone rang => Scarcely _ 36 As soon as he had finished dinner, she walked in the door => No sooner _ 37 I only understood the problem then => Only _ 38 We will be only able to accomplish this great task by working hard => Only _ 39 You can only pass this exam by studying hard => Only _ 40 You can only understand it when you grow up => Only _ 41 I can only forgive you if you tell me the truth => Only _ 42 I only realized that I'd seen it before after the film started => Only _ 43 The situation was so strange that I couldn’t sleep => So _ 44 The test is so difficult that students need three months to prepare => So _ 45 The exercise is so easy that every students can it easily => So _ 46 He not only studies well, but also he sings well => Not only 47 If you meet her, please call me! => Should _ 48 If you had obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened => Had _ _ Exercise 1 Never me again a will be she love b I went c he doesn't play b she could say b he said d we have c has he said d he has said c I take d I take So old _ that she couldn't dance d wasn't she d was he _ here yesterday, you would have met me a Were you 11 d could she say Only at weekend _ my kids to Water Park a She wasn't b she was 10 c she couldn't say Many a time _ he wants to marry me a I don't take b I take d he does play Often _ a meeting a said he d beautiful is she Hardly _a word whether son came back a we have b we have c have we c is she beautiful c had I gone d I had gone b does he play a couldn't she say b beautiful she is Seldom _ the guitar a he plays d she will love No sooner _ out that it rained a did I go c she won't love Not only _ but she is also very intelligent a she is beautiful b she loves b you were c Had you been d You had been On the battle field _ a the tanks did lie b the tanks lay c did the tanks lie d lay the tanks 12 At no time _ greater opportunities a did women had 13 b does he looked c did he look d looked he _ has the work bee so easy a Never 15 c does women have d have women had Not once into her eyes a he looked 14 b has women had b only by c When d For Now here _ such cooperative staff a you can findb you found c you could find 16 d can you find Never before _ in an carnest attempt to resolve their differences a have the leaders of these two countries met b the leaders of these two countries have met c have the leaders of these two countries meet d met the leaders of these two countries 17 Not only the child, but also the grandparents _ a is joining 18 b joins c were joining Seldom _ a newspaper a buys Anna b does Anna buy 19 20 d has joined c bought Anna d Anna does buy Not only at the post office, _ at the grocery store a does Mary work/but she also works b works Mary/but she also works c does Mary work/but does she also work d had entered she No sooner _ the house than the phone started to ring a had she entered b she had entered c entered she Exercise Only by saving money _ a house a he buys b he can buy c can he buy d buy she Not even once _ the truth a he tells b he tell c tells he d has she told d had entered she Choose the correct inverted form a Into the room came the teachers b Not only lazy she is but she is naughty c No sooner had he drunk a cup of coffee than he asked another d A and C are correct Not only _ beautiful but she is graceful as well a did she b she was a is a human being born b was a human being born c a human being born d a human being had been born Seldom _ treated like that 10 a they suffer b they have suffered c had they suffered d they had suffered Only if I had known the difference _ the more expensive car a would I bought b I would have bought c would I buy d would I have bought Neither Mary nor her friends _ going to the party b are c was d a or b Only once a day _ home b left Mary c Mary leaves d will Mary left Only once a day _ home a we can speak 13 d I had been b are c has d have a does Mary leave 12 c I am Never before _ such a disaster a is 11 b am I Over there _ the shop that sells souvenirs a is d she is No sooner _ than he begins to be washed a I have been c is she b can we speak Many a time _ this mistake c we speak d we cannot speak a he makes 14 15 b he has made a scientists discovered b did scientists discovered c scientists discover d have scientists discovered Nowhere else _ b can they go b she scolds c has she scolded c he has givend he has gave b did c doing d Among them _ several sacks of white flour a were 20 d she has scolded No longer _ women bear a lot of children a does 19 d can't they go Not a penny _ me a did he give b he gave 18 c they can't go Only when at home _ her children a does she scold 17 d will he make Never _ the exact cause of earthquakes a they can go 16 c did he make b is c be d are On a hill in front of them _ a great castle a standing b stand c to stand d stood Exercise "This store has such high prices" "I agree Never again _ here" a I wll shop b will I shop c I shop d shop I "Is this machine often in need of repair?" "No, _ problems to arise" a Seldom don't we expect b We expect seldom c Seldom we expect d Seldom we expect "I can't see the stage very well from here" " _" a Neither can't I b Neither I can c I can't neither d Neither can I Not until the early 1900s _ to vote in the United States a women were allowed b were women allowed c they allowed women d when women were allowd Only recently _ a favourite sport in the United States a has jogging becomeb has become jogging c when jogging became d as jogging has become "This is one of the oldest trees in the world" " _ such a big tree" a Never I have seen b I haven't never seen c Never have I seen d I have seen never "What happened to jean' new car?" "No sooner _ it than someone ran into her" a had she bought b she bought c did she bought d she ad bought "I would like to apply for the sales position you advertised" "I'm sorry No longer _ applications for that position" a are taking we 10 c are we taking d we taking Amoebas reproduce by dividing _ a and other protozoans b as other protozonas c other protozonas too d we taking _ a higher concentration of people than in Tokyo and Mexico City a nowhere there is 11 b we are taking b Nowhere is c Nowhere is there d Nowhere there ins't "Did you like your trip Niagara Falls?" "It was beautiful Hardly ever _ such a spectacular sight" a can see you b can you see c see you 12 d you can see "Can children swim in this pool?" "Yes However, at no time _ alone" a shouldn't they swim b they should swim ... hát hay.) 14 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ: Trong tiếng Anh đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) “to be” trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” trước S (chủ ngữ) Ví dụ: The probem... at home yesterday => I did stay at home yesterday (Tôi ở nhà cả ngày hôm qua) BÀI TẬP Bài Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ: He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone => So He hardly... yêu đến nhường nào.) Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ cách thức (trạng từ) Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V Ví dụ: Beautifully did she sing (Cơ hát hay.) Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ thời gian (With