MirC DO CHUYEN HOA CAC CHAT Tl/PHE THAI CHAIN NUOI SANG Nu'dc XA CUA CONG TRINH KHI SINH HOC C a o Ky So'n^ Nguyen T h a n h Scyn^ I r a n Thj My Dung^ 1.DATVANDE Xu ly p h i thai ehan nudi b i n g cdng trinh Khi sinh hoe eho san p h i m ehinh la dot, san phim phu la nude xa, ba can, vang Trong qua trinh xu ly dd, cac c h i t p h i thai dugc chuyen hoa sang nude xa, ba can va vang Dk tai nghien cuu v i muc chuyen hda cua cae chat tu p h i thai sang nude xa Phugng phap l i y mau dugc ghi " So tay phan tich d i t - nude - phan bon va cay trdng" cua Vien Tho nhudng Nong hoa Mau dang dac dugc bao quan tui ni long d l gid nguyen am, Tien hanh xac dinh mau tugi khoang 24 gid ke t d sau l i y m i u trudng hgp phan tich pH, Nts, P2O5, K;Ots, P;05, K20dt, NHj* NO3" Iipit gluxit Ham lugng cua cac chat duge bieu thi tren dgn vi m i u tugi Phan tich cac nguyen t6 khac nhu Ca^* Mg^* Na* S, Fe, NOI DUNG, VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, B, C I , Cd, Pb, Hg, As dugc t i i n hanh vdi mau da dugc say kho khong va nghien 2.1 Noi d u n g nho, sau da xac dinh i m Ham lugng cua cac Oanh gia muc chuySn hoa mot s6 c h i t t d chat dugc b i l u thi tren dgn vi m i u kho chit thai sang nude xa qua cac chi tieu pH, N, P2O5, K2O tong so: P2O5, K2O d§ tieu, N H / , NGj', Mau dang nude dugc bao quan chai Ca^*, Mg^*, Na*, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Bo, Cr, Cd, nhua Tien hanh phan tich cac chi tieu true tiSp tren Pb, Hg, As, Iipit, gluxit tong s6 dung dich nude xa, 2.2 Vat lieu nghien e d u 2.3.2 Phucyng phap phan tich mau Thi nghiem dugc ti§n hanh tren hg gia dinh co Phugng phap phan tich cac chi tieu dugc ap cong tnnh Khi smh hoc dat tieu chuan eiia du an, la dung cho ca hai dang mau: m l u chat thai (dang dac) nhung cong trinh eo thi§t k6 phu hgp vdi loai gia sue, va mau nude xa (dang nugc), quy mo ehan nuoi va van hanh theo dung qui trinh cua du an Nap vao be phan giai loai nguyen lieu: phan Chi tieu hca hoc phan tich tai Phong thi nghiem Ign, phan bo, hon hgp phan bo va phan lgn Trung tam nghien cuu Phan bon va Dinh dudng cay Ty le pha tron phan/nudc Dgt 1: ty le pha loang phan/nudc dao dong khoang 1/2,5 den 1/2,7 (trung binh 1/2,6) ddi vdi phan bo, 1/1,7 d§n 1/2,3 (trung binh 1/2,1) ddi vdi phan Ign, va 1/2,4 den 1/2,5 (trung binh 1/2,4) doi vgi hon hgp phan bo va lgn Dgt 2: dieu chinh ty I? pha loang ptian/nudc dao dong khoang 1/1 den 1/1,4 (trung binh 1/1,2) doi vai phan bo 1/1 den 1/1.3 (trung binh 1/1.1) d6i vgi phan Ign va 1/1 den 1/1,3 (trung binh 1/1,2) doi vgi hgn hgp phan bo va lgn 2.3 Phu'O'ng phap nghien e d u thuoc V i | n Tho nhudng Nong hoa: Phong thi nghiem ciia Vien Hoa hoc thuoc Vien Khoa hoc Viet Nam theo cac phuong phap quy dinh "So tay phan tich dat - nudv - phan bdn va cay trong" ciia Vien Tho nhudng Nong hoa Cac chi tieu nhu Iipit, gluxit tong so: theo phuang phap thong thugng ap dung eiia Vien Chan nuoi, phan tieh tai Phong thi nghiem Vien Chan nuoi va Vien Hoa hge, 2.3.3 Xu ly so lieu phan tich Theo phugng phap thong ke toan hoc tren Excel va Chugng trinh phan tich phugng sai eiia Nguyen Oinh Hign 1996 2.3.1 Thu thap mau Lay mau chat thai (dang dae), mau nude xa dgt (dang nude) tai eac gia dinh da dugc lua chgn va sau phan tich cac ehi tieu theo ngi dung yeu c i u Lay mau nude xa dgt vao 16/12/2007 (cung lay mau ctiat thai), dgt vao 31/1/2008, sau lay mau doi mot 45 KET QUA NGHIEN ClAJ 3.1 Mire dp chuyin hoa cua cac c h i t dinh d u d n g 3.1.1 Cac chat da Iwong va pH Vien Tho Nhudng Nong hoa Cue Chan nuoi 115 Bang Ham lugng eac nguyen to da lugng va pH c h i t thai va nude xa TT Nts N(%) Chat thai Nude xa dgt Nude xa dgt TB 0,61 0,05a 0,04a 0,05 2,10 0,27a 0,22a 0.25 127 43,83a 36,04a 39,94 Chat thai Nude xa dgt Nucje xa dgt TB" 0,70 0,06a 0,07 ab 0,07 2,80 0,39a 0,39a 0,39 Chat thai Nude xa dgt Nude xa dgt TB" 0,50 0,07ab 0,1b 0,085 3,60 0,43a 0,39a a41 KaOhh (mg/IOOml)' pHHjO PjOshh (mg/IOOml)' KjOts 0,78 0,007a 0,009a 0,008 69 5,2a 19,4ab 12.30 0,76 0,114a 0,092 a 0,103 5197 956.67b 885.7b 921,19 7,42 7,04a 6,92a 6,98 Phan Ign 151 1,42 0.028b 50.03a 58,85a 0,02ab 0,024 54,44 126 22.4b 20,5ab 21.45 0,54 0,17a 0,069a 0,722 3596 557a 531a 544 6,97 6,71a 6,63a 6,67 30 18,6ab 27,7b 23.15 0,59 0,098a 0,095a 0.097 4001 823b 882b 852,5 7,57 6,94a 6,98a 6,96 N-NO3 N-NH4 P2O5 ts (mg/IOOml)' (mg/IOOml)' (%) Phan bo (%) Phan b6+ phan Ign 85,10 65,73a 102,16b 83,95 0,51 0,02ab 0,009a 0.01 Ghi chu: cae ehu cai a,b eung rnpt opt dpc khac chi su sai khac co y nghTa thdng ke (P =0,05: (mg/100ml)':d6i vdi chit thai mg/100g:TB":gia tri trung binh cua dgt mau nude xa Nhd hoat ddng cua cac vi sinh vat ky be phan giai, cae c h i t thai nhu phan bd, phan Ign, hdn hgp phan bd + phan Ign bi phan giai Cac c h i t dam, lan, kali, cae nguyen to trung lugng, vi lugng va cac c h i t khae tu c h i t thai b i i n doi va phan tan n i m ba can, vang va nude xa Chi mdt p h i n cac c h i t hoa tan nude xa (bang 1) Muc chuyen hoa tu c h i t thai sang nude xa the hien d bang T u c h i t thai phan bd cac nguyen td dam, lan, kali chuyen hoa sang nude xa vdi mue nhu sau: N tong so 6,6-8,2%, N-NO3 10,512,9%, N-NH4 28,4-34,5%, P2O5 tong sd 0,91,2%, P2O5 hdu hieu 7,5-28,1%, K2O tong so 12.1-15,0%, K2O huu hieu 17,0-18,4%, Gia tri pH h i u nhu khdng thay doi, dat tdi 93,3-94,9% gia tri pH c h i t thai T u c h i t thai phan Ign cac nguyen td dam, lan, kali chuyen hda sang nude xa vdi muc nhu sau: N tong s6 8,6-10,0%, N-NO3 13,9%, N-NH4 33,1-39,0%, P2O5 tong sd 1,7-2,0%, P2O5 huu hieu 16,3-17,8%, K2O tong s6 12,832,4%, K2O hifu hieu 14,8-15,5% Gia trj pH h i u nhu khdng thay doi, dat tdi 95,1-96,3% gia trj pH chat thai T u hon hgp chat thai phan bd + phan Ign nguyen to dam, lan, kali chuyen hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp nhu sau: N tong sd 14,0-20,0%, N-NO3 10,8-11,9%, N-NH4 77,2-120,0% (N tong sd da mot phin chuyen sang N-NH4, nen N-NH4 cd ham lugng cao hon so vdi chat thai): P2O5 tong sd 1,8-3,9%, P2O5 huu hieu 62,092,3%, K2O tong sd 16,1-16,6%, KjO huu hieu 20,6-22,0% Gia trj pH hau nhu khdng thay doi, dat tdi 91,7-92,2% gia trj pH chat thai Bang Mde dp chuyen hoa cac nguyen td da lugng va thay doi pH tu chit thai sang nude xa (%) TT 116 Nts N-NO3 Nude xa dgt Nude xa dgt TB 8,2 6,6 7,4 12,9 10,5 11.7 Nude xa dgt Nude xa dgt TB 8.6 10,0 93 13,9 13,9 13.9 Nude xa dgt Nude xa dat TB 14,0 20,0 17,0 11,9 10,8 11.4 N-NH4 P2O5 ts Phan bo 34,5 0,9 28,4 1,2 31,5 7,7 Phan lgn 33,1 2,0 39.0 1.4 36.7 1,7 Phan bo + phan lgn 77,2 3,9 120,0 1,8 98,6 2.9 PsOshh KjOts K20hh pHHjO 7,5 28,1 17,8 15,0 12,1 73,6 18,4 17,0 17,7 94,9 93,3 94,7 17,8 16,3 77,7 32,4 12,8 22,6 15,5 14,8 75,2 96,3 95,1 95,7 62,0 92,3 77.2 16,6 16,1 16,4 20,6 22,0 27,3 91,7 92,2 92,0 Rd rang muc dp ehuyin hda cua cae nguyen td da luong c h i t thai sang nude xa kha eao, dac biet N-NH4 va lan huu hieu (ddi vdi chat thai la hdn hgp phan bd + phan lgn) Gia tn pH h i u nhu khdng thay doi qua tnnh phan giai c h i t thai, cd xu hudng axit hda Trung binh muc dp chuyen hda cua cac nguyen td tu chit thai sang nude xa nhu sau: N tong so 7,4-17,0%, N-NO3 11,4-13,9%, N-NH4 31,5-98,6%, P2O5 tong s6 1,1-2,9%, P2O5 huu hieu 17,1-77,2%), K2O tong sd 13,6-22,6%, K2O huu hieu 15,221,3% T u sd lieu bang tinh dugc muc dp chuyen hda cua cac c h i t tu chit thai sang nude xa, Tu chit thai phan bd cac nguyen td trung luong va vi lugng ehuyin hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp nhu sau: Ca 1,8-20,6%, Ug 1,5-5,1%, Na 11,0-14,5%, S 2,8-3,4%, Fe 0,1-0,3%, Cu 1,7-2,0%, Zn 0,6-0,8%, Mn 1,1-1,3%, Mo 5,7-6,4%, 2.0-2,1% Tang ty le pha loang phan/nudc nhu dgt liy mau thu nhit lam tang kha nang ehuyin hda cua mdt so nguyen to nhu Mg (tang 3,6%), Na (tang 3,5%), Mo (tang 0,7%), Giam ty I J pha loang phan/nudc nhu dgt liy mau thu hai lam tang kha nang chuyen hda cua Ca (tang 18,8%) 3.1.2 Cac nguyen to trung, vi lifcyng Sang Ham lugng cac nguyen td trung lugng, vi lugng trgng chat tha va nude xa (mg/l)* TT Cu Zn Mn Mg Ca Na Fe Mo B Phan bo Chat thai 59,45 302,99 214,50 2900 500 1300 5400 1400 7,18 34,55 { NX dgt 1.18 2,44 2,82 147.60 8.97 188.6 14,85 39,63 0,46 0.70 NX dgt 0,99 1,81 2.42 43.17 103,1 143.3 5.37 47.47 0,41 0.73 re" 1.09 2,73 2,62 95,39 56.04 765.95 70 7 43,55 0.44 72 j Phan Ign 597,99 584,47 417,85 5500 900 2000 4400 1300 13,99 38.36 NX dgt 0,19 0,59 0,58 68,29 4,82 183,3 3,89 33,75 0,36 0.87 NX dgt 0,17 0,52 0,49 18,99 119,4 153,9 0,77 41,06 0,30 0.78 TB" 0,18 0,56 0,54 43,64 62,7 768,60 2.33 374 0.33 0.83 2000 1600 8,48 29.98 0.3 0.6 Chat thai Phan bo va pha n Ign CUk thai 80,61 197,17 354,39 1000 900 2900 NX dgt 0,28 0,48 0,45 68,88 5,0 213,2 2,3 46.9 NX dgt 0,41 0,90 0.47 23,97 95.8 181,4 1,93 65.2 0,31 0,77 ^fi 0,35 0.69 0.46 46.43 50.40 79730 72 56,05 0.37 0.69 Ghi chu: (mg/l)' : doi vdi ehat thai mg/kg; T B " : gia tn trung binh ciia dgt mau nude xa Tu c h i t thai phan Ign cac nguyen td neu tren chuyen hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp nhu sau Ca 0,5-13,3%, Mg 0,3-1,2%, Na 7,7-9,2%, S 2,6-3,2%, Fe 0,02-0,1%, Cu 0,3%, Zn 0,1%, Mn 0,1%, Mo 2,1-2,6%, B 2,0-2,3% Tang ty le pha loang phan/nudc nhu dgt liy mau thif nhit lam tang kha nang chuyen hda cua mpt sd nguyen td nhu Mg (tang 0,9%), Na (tang 1,5%), Fe (tang 0,08%), Mo (tang 0,5%), B (tang 0,3%) Giam ty le pha loang phan/nudc nhu dgt liy m i u thd hai lam tang kha nang ehuyin hda eua nguyen to nhu Ca (tang 12,8%), S (tang 0,6%) Tu hdn hgp chit thai phan bd + phan lgn cac nguyen to trung lugng va vi lugng chuyen hda sang nude xa vdi mue dp nhu sau Ca 0,610,6%, Mg 0.8-2,4% Na 18,1-21,3%, S 2,94,1%, Fe 0,1%, Cu 0,3-0,5%, Zn 0,2-0,5%, Mn 0,1%, Mo 3,5-3,7%, B 2,0-2,6%, Tang ty le pha loang phan/nudc nhu dgt lay mdu thu nhit lam tang kha nang ehuyin hda eua mdt sd nguyen td nhu Mg (tang 1,6%), Na (tang 3,2%),_Giam ty le pha loang phan/nudc nhu dgt liy m i u thu hai lam tang kha nang chuyen hda cua nguyen to nhu Ca (tang 10,0%), S (tang 1,2%) Trung binh muc dd chuyen hda eiia cac nguyen td tu chit thai sang nude xa nhu sau: Cu 0,03-1,9% Zn 0,1-0.7%, Mn 0,1-1,2% Mg 0,8-3.3%, Ca 5,6-11,2%, Na 8,5-19,7%, Fe 0,060,2%, S 2,9-3,5%, Mo 2,4-6,1%, B 2.1-2 3% 117 Sang Muc dp chuyen hda cac nguyen to trung lugng, vi lugng td chit thai sang nude xa (%) Cu - zn Mg Mn j Ca Na Fe S Mo B Phan bo Nude xa dgt 2,0 0,8 1,3 5,1 1,8 14,5 0,3 2,8 6,4 2,0 Nude xa dgt 1,7 0,6 1,1 1,5 20.6 11,0 0,1 3,4 5,7 2,1 TB" 1.9 0,7 1,2 3,3 77,2 72,8 0,2 3,7 6,7 2.7 Phan Ign Nude xa dgt 0,03 0,1 0,1 1,2 0,5 9,2 0,1 2,6 2,6 2,3 Nudcxa dpi 0,03 0,1 0,1 0,3 13,3 7,7 0,02 3,2 2,1 2,0 TB" 0,03 0,7 0,7 0,8 6.9 8,5 0,06 2,9 2.4 2,2 Phan bo va phan Ign Nude xa dgt 0,3 0,2 0,1 2,4 0,6 21,3 0,1 2,9 3,5 2,0 Nude xa dgt 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,8 10,6 18,1 0,1 4,1 3,7 2,6 TB" 0,4 0,4 0,1 1.6 5,6 79,7 0,7 3,5 3.6 2,3 3.1.3 Lipit va gluxit Sang Lipit, gluxit ciia c h i t thai va nude xa Lipit TT Ham lugng, % Gluxit Mue ehuyen, % Ham lugng, % Muc chuyen, % Phan bo Chat thai 0,309 - 1,70 - Nude xa dgt 0,004 1,29 0,003 0,18 Nude xa dgt 0,007 2,27 0,003 0,18 rs' 0,006 1,78 0,003 0,18 Phan lgn C h i t thai 0,663 - 3,10 - N u d e xa dgt 0,00004 0,01 0,001 0,03 Nude xa dgt 0,00004 0,01 0,001 0,03 TB' 0,00004 0,01 0,001 0,03 Phan bo + phan kyn C h i t thai 0,353 - 1,48 - Nude xa dgt 0,001 0,28 0,001 0,07 Nude xa dgt 0,004 1,13 0,001 0,07 7"S" 0,003 0,71 0,001 0,07 Ghi chii: TB : gia tri trung binh cua dgt mau nude xa Lipit va gluxit phan giai manh qua trinh xu ly p h i thai, chi cdn mpt lugng nho cac ehat chua dugc phan giai chuyen sang nude xa Lugng lipit va gluxit chua dugc phan giai chuyen sang nude xa nhu sau: lipit 1,29-2,27%), gluxit 0,18% (doi vdi chat thai la phan bd) 118 lipit , % , gluxit 0,03% (ddi vdi chat thai la phan lgn), lipit 0,28-1,13%, gluxit 0,07% (doi vdi c h i t thai la hdn hgp phan bd + phan Ign) Ty le pha loang phan/nudc khdng anh hudng d i n kha nang phan giai cua lipit va gluxit 3.2 MiPc chuyen hoa CI va mot sd kim loai nang Sang Ham lugng CI va mpt s6 kim loai nang chit thai va nude xa (mg/l)* TT CI Cd Pb Hg As Phan bo Chat thai Nuac xa dgt Nugc xa dgt TB 3450 466 50 b 539 b 502,8 0.578 0,085 b 0.038 a 0.062 Phanlgn 9,601 0,462 b 0,076 a 0,269 0,078 0,00997 c 0,00057 a 0,00527 3,543 0,17297 b 0,01827 a 0,09562 Chat thai Nude xa dgt Nuoc xa dat TB 2490 250,28 a 442 b 346,14 0,034 0,00343 b 0,00048 a 0,00196 6,36 0,25303 c 0,0705: a 0,16178 Chat thai Nuac xa dgt Nugc xa dgt TB 3450 463,58 b 581 b 522,29 0,247 10,536 0,018 a 0,469 b 0,006 a 0,18a 0,012 0,325 Phan bo + phanlan 0,889 10,246 0,019 a 0,422 b 0,01 a 0,107 a 0,015 0,265 0,063 0,004467 b 0,000543 a 0,00251 2,726 0,0667 a 0,071133 a 0.06892 Ghi chu: pac chu cai a,b,c cung mot cot dpc khac ehi su sai khae eo y nghia th6ng ke (P 0,05); (mg/l)': doi vdi ehit thai la mg/kg; TB*': gia tri trung binh eiia dgt miu nude xa T u chat thai phan bd nguyen td clo va cac kim loai nang ehuyin hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp sau: CI 13,5-15,6%, Cd 6,6-10,7%, Pb 0,8-4,8%, Hg 0,7-12,8%, As 0,5-4,9% Trung binh muc dp ehuyen hda tu ehit thai eac loai phan sang nude xa cua CI 14,0-15,1%, Cd 1,6-10,7%, Pb 2,6-3,1%, Hg 4,0-6,8%, As 5,5-2,7% Tu chat thai phan Ign nguyen td clo va eac kim loai nang ehuyin hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp sau: CI 10,1-17,8%, Cd 2,4-7,3%, Pb 1,7-4,5%, Hg 1,4-10,1%, As 1,1-4,0% Giam ty le pha phan/nudc nhu dgt liy m i u thu hai lam giam muc chuyen hda cua cac kim loai nang tu ehit thai sang nude xa Pha nhiiu nude nhu dgt liy m i u thu nhat lam giam dp man clo nude xa Tu hdn hgp c h i t thai phan bd + phan Ign nguyen to clo va cac kim loai nang chuyen hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp sau: CI 13,4-16,8%), Cd 1,1-2,1%, Pb 1,0-4,1%, Hg 0,9-7,1, As 2,42,6% Cac loai chit thai khae thi muc dp chuyen hda ciia CI, Cd, Hg va As cung khac nhau, nhung mue dp ehuyin hda cua Pb thi tuang tu nhu S ang Muc dp chuyen hoa CI va mpt so kim loai nang tu ehit thai sang nude xa (%) TT CI Cd Pb Hg As 4,8 0,8 2,8 12,8 0,7 6,8 4,9 0.5 2,7 10.1 1.4 5,8 4.0 1,1 2.6 7,1 0,9 4,0 24 Phan bo Nu(>c xa dgt Nucce xa dgt TB 13,5 15,6 14,6 Nuac xa dot Nuac xa dgt TB 10.1 17.8 14,0 ' Nuac xa dgt Nugc xa dgt TB 13,4 16,8 15,1 14,7 6,6 10,7 Phan lgn 4,5 7,3 1,7 2,4 4,9 3,1 Phan bo + phanlgn 2,1 4.1 1,0 1,1 1,6 2,6 KET LUAN Tiiy thupc tung loai p h i thai va ty le pha trpn phan/nudc, muc dd ehuyin hda cua eac c h i t sang nude xa khac nhau, cu t h i nhu sau: Gia tri pH h i u nhu khdng thay doi qua trinh phan giai c h i t thai, cd xu hudng axit hda Muc dd ehuyen hoa td ehit thai sang nude 2,6 2.5 xa cua N tong sd 7,4-17,0%, N-NO3 11,4-13,9%, N-NH4 31,5-98,6%, P2O5 tong sd 1,1-2,9%, P2O5 huu hieu 17,1-77,2%, K2O tong sd 13,6-22,6%, K20huu hieu 15,2-21,3% Mifc dd chuyen hda tu ehit thai sang nude xa cua Ca 5,6-11.2%, Mg 0,8-3,3% Na 8.5-19.7% S 2.93,5%, Fe O.C&0.1% Cu 0,03-1,9%, Zn 0.1-0.7%, Mn 0,1 -1,2 %, Mo 2,4-6,1 %, B 2,1 -2,3% (Xem tl ep trang 140) 119 TAI UEU THAM KHAO Bui Cong Cudng, Nguyen Doan Phudc (2006), He md - mang nd ron va irng dung, NXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat (in lan thif hai) Duo Kaill (2003), Fuzzy evaluation of urban environmental quality Master thesis, ITC, The Netherlands E.Van Ranst, H.Tang, R Groenemans, S Slnthurahat (1996), Application of fuzzy logic to land suitability for ruber production in peninsular Thailand, Elsevier, Geodema 70,1-19 Rodngo S Slcat, Emmanuel John M Carranza Uday Bhaskar Nidumolu (2005), Fuzzy modelling of farmer's knowledge for land suitability classification, Elsevier, Agriculture system 83,49-75 T.R Nisar Ahamed, K.Gopal Rao J.S.R Murphy (2000), GIS-based fuzzy membership model for crop land suitability analysis, Elsevier, Agriculture system 63, 75-95 Summary APPLIED FUZZY LOGIC AND GIS IN LAND RESOURCES EVALUATION Le Canh Dint)' Objective of this paper presents to simulate a fuzzy GIS modeling in land resources evaluation Weight of each land characteristic is determined by using Analysis Hierarchy Processing (AHP) technique and then calculated the membership function of LC for each land use type by using expert method GIS is applied for building a Land Mapping Unit by using fuzzy overlay function to unite some Land Characteristics (LC) with max aile and Lukasiewicz fuzzy operator union Result of this is fuzzy evaluation, defuzzification with principle of maximum membership grade to get land suitability classification Comparison of three methods (maximum limitation factor of FAO, Fuzzy GIS with max rule union and fuzzy GIS with Lukasiewicz union), the result of fuzzy GIS with Lukasiewicz union method is more suitable than other methods, because of this method to consider all of high criterion and weak criterion to the objective Key words: Fuzzy GIS modeling, comparison of three methods in land evaluation, AHP, land evaluation resources ' Sub-National Institute for Agricultural Planning and Projection (Sub-NIAPP in the South) MUtDO CHUYEN HOA CAC CHAT TifPHE THAI CHAN NUOI (Tiip trang 119) Lipit va gluxit phan giai manh qua trinh xif ly til' chat thai liccng lipit va gluxit chipa dii'P'c phan giai chuydn sang nLcdc xa vdi mifc thap: lipit 0,01-1,78%, gluxit 0,03-0,18% MiFC dp ehuyen hda tii' chat thai sang nu'dc xa ciia 01 14,0-15,1%, Cd 1,6-10,7%, Pb 2,6-3,1%, Hg 4,0-6,8%, A s 2,5-2,7% TAI LIEU THAM KHAO GS Le Van Can (1982) Phan chuong NXB Nong nghiep 2, Vien Thd Nhuang Nong Hoa (1998) So tay phan tich Dat, Nuac, Phan bon Cay NXB Ndng nghiep Yao Yongfu (1989) Chengdu Biogas Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, P.RC The biogas technology in China, Agneultural Publishing House, Summary TRANS FORMATION LEVEL OF ELEMENTS FROM WASTE TO LIQUID BIOSLURRY Cao Ky Son\ Nguyen Thanh Son^, Tran Thi My Dzung' Research w/as conducted at nine households having biogas digesters which constructed strictly following the Project model designs in two communes of Thanh Xuan and Bac Phu, Soc Son district, Hanoi Cow dung, pig dung and mixture of cow dung and pig dung were used to feed into digesters Converting levels of nutrients from waste to liquid bioslurry are: total nitrogen 4-17 0%, N-NO3 11413.9%, N-NH4 31.5-98.6%, total phosphate 1-2.9%; effective phosphate 17.1-77.2%, total potassium 13.622.6%, effective potassium 15.2-21.3%, pH value had a tendency of aciditization Converting levels of ttie others: Ca 5.6-11 2%, Mg 0.8-3 3%, Na 8.5-19.7%, S 2.9-3.5%, Fe 06-0 1%, Cu 0.03-1.9%, Zn 0.1-0.7%, Mn 0.1-1.2%, Mo 2.4-6.1%, B 1-2.3%, CI 14.0-15.1%, Cd 1.6-10.7%, Pb 2.6-3 1% Hg 4.0-6.8%, As 2.5-2.7% Institute for Soils and Fertilizers, Livestock Producfion Department Liru v cAc tac gia : GlOra phSn s6' nguydn v4 s6 thip phan, tieng Vlf t d$t dS'u phky {,) cdn t)6ng Anh thi d^t da'u cha'm {.); dS' ngSn cSch s6' hang cua m^t day so, Vi^t Nam diing dSu cham (.) mi Anh thi dung dS'u phJy (,)-Xin dimg iSm lln f : 140 ... nude xa (bang 1) Muc chuyen hoa tu c h i t thai sang nude xa the hien d bang T u c h i t thai phan bd cac nguyen td dam, lan, kali chuyen hoa sang nude xa vdi mue nhu sau: N tong so 6,6-8,2%,... nguyen to dam, lan, kali chuyen hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp nhu sau: N tong sd 14,0-20,0%, N-NO3 10,8-11,9%, N-NH4 77,2-120,0% (N tong sd da mot phin chuyen sang N-NH4, nen N-NH4 cd ham lugng... tinh dugc muc dp chuyen hda cua cac c h i t tu chit thai sang nude xa, Tu chit thai phan bd cac nguyen td trung luong va vi lugng ehuyin hda sang nude xa vdi muc dp nhu sau: Ca 1,8-20,6%, Ug 1,5-5,1%,