Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe bien TIG (2010) So 1 Tr 27 35 HAM L U O N G AS, Pb TICH LUY TRONG LOAI HEN {Corbicula sp ) VA HAU SONG {Ostrea rivularis Gould, 1861) TAI CLTA SONG CU DE, THANH PHO DA NA[.]
Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe bien TIG (2010) So Tr 27 - 35 HAM L U O N G AS, Pb TICH LUY TRONG LOAI HEN {Corbicula sp.) VA HAU SONG {Ostrea rivularis Gould, 1861) TAI CLTA SONG CU DE, THANH PHO DA NANG NGUYEN VAN KHANH, VO VAN MINH, PHAM THI HONG HA, DlTONG CONG VINH Trircrag Dai hoc Sir pham, Dai hoc Da Nang Tom tat: Dong vat hai mdnh vo rdt bien vd duac ghi nhan la mot loai chi thi sinh hoc tot bai vi no co phdn bo rang vd biin a nhiiu thiiy vuc, cd dai song tinh, sice chong chiu tot vai d nhiim vd tich luy cao cdc chdt nhiim tit nuac vd trdm tich Dong vat hai mdnh vo da duac nghiin cicu di chi thi cho nhiim KLN mdi truong Han nua, cong nghe ndy de ddng ddnh gid KLN tich lHy sinh vdt, thuang Id cao hem cdc thdnh phdn khdc, phdn dnh duac KLN linh dong vd cd thi di vdo chuoi thicc an nhu Id chdt doc vd gdy doc hai doi vai hi sinh thdi Trong nghiin cicu ndy, chung toi trinh bay kit qud nghiin cicu vi tich lHy KLN As vd Pb lodi Hin (Corbicula sp.) vd lodi Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) tic cica song Cu Di, TP Dd Nang Die lieu nghiin cicu ndy cua chiing toi gdp phdn quan trong viic sic dung lodi Hin (Corbicula sp.) vd lodi Hdu song (Ostrea rivularis G.) lam sinh vdt chi thi nhiim KLN I MO DAU Trong nhung nam gan day, nhiem kim loai nang (KLN) cac boat dong cua ngudi gay c6 xu huang gia tang KLN rat kho phan buy moi truong, no co kha nang gay ngg dgc tiic thai hay anh huang lau dai den siic khoe nguai va cac loai sinh vat [1] De quan trac nhiem KLN tai cac vung bien, viing cira song phuang phap dugc su dung bien la phan tich ly hoa nuac hay bim day (Phillips, 1977) [8] Tuy nhien, phuang phap thuang gap nhieu kho khan nhu tin suit thu mau cao keo theo chi phi cao va chi danh gia dugc chat lugng moi truong vao thai diem thu mau, khong danh gia dugc nhung tac dong tong hgp va lau dai ciia cac chit nhiim d6i vai sinh vat va he sinh thai Trong nhiing thap nien gan day, cac loai hai manh vo dugc nhieu nha khoa hgc nghien ciiu, su dung de quan trac nhiim KLN, chung co dai sing tinh; kha nang tich liiy KLN cao cac bg phan co thi ma khong co biiu hien gay hai cho chiing Day la phuang phap dugc danh gia cao bai no khic phuc dugc nhiing ban chi ciia phuang phap 27 phan tich ly hoa va nhan dang su co mat cua KLN moi truong a ham lugng at nho ma cac phuang phap phan tich thong thuang khong phat hien dugc (Merlimi, 1965; Ferrington, 1983; Doherty, 1993; Oeatel, 1998; Revera, 2003) [9]; co thi cho biit nhiing tac dong true tiep cua nhiem den sinh vat va he sinh thai (Thomas, 1975; Samoiloff, 1989), [8] d Viet Nam, viec sir dung cac loai hai manh vo di chi thi KLN dugc nghien ciiu bai mot s6 tac gia nhu: Le Thi Vinh va cs (2005; 2006) [6], [7]; Dang Thiiy Binh va cs (2006) [3] Tuy nhien, viec ling dung phuang phap vao quan trie chit lugng moi truong nuac Trong nghien ciiu nay, chiing toi trinh bay ket qua su tich liiy As, Pb a hai loai Hen (Corbicula sp.) va Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) tai cira song Cu De, TP Da Nang II PHI/ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Doi tugng nghien ciiu la loai Hen (Corbicula sp.) thuoc bg Corbiculidae, bg Mang tim (Eulamellibranchia), lop Hai manh vo (Bivalvia), nganh dong vat Than mem (Mollusca) va loai Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) thuoc bg Ostreidae, bg Mang sgi (Fillibranchia), lap Hai manh vo (Bivalvia), nganh dong vat Than mem (Mollusca) [2], [5] Hinh 1: a Loai Hen (Corbicula sp.); b Loai Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) Mau dong vat dugc thu vao hai dgt: dgt vao thang 10 nam 2008 va dgt vao thang nam 2009 Miu thu dugc bao quan a 4''C (theo M Z L Goksu, 2003) [12] Dinh loai mau theo khoa dinh loai hinh thai ciia Thai Trin Bai, Dang Nggc Thanh Phai, ^ 'in Mien (1980) Miu bun day dugc thu d6ng thai voi mau dong vat va dugc bao quan thcu ; TSf 6663-12:2000 28 Tiin hanh vo ca hoa phin mo mim ciia mau dong vat theo phuang phap cua Van Loo, Dupreez va Steyn (2001) [11] Mau bim day dugc xir ly va tien hanh vo ca boa bing HNO3 dac va H2O2 Phan tich ham lugng As, Pb bing may quang hap thu nguyen tir (AAS) Cac s6 lieu dugc xir ly thing ke, so sanh cac gia tri trung binh bang phuang phap phan tich ANOVA va kiim tra LSD vai miic y nghia a = 0,05, phan tich tuong quan cac gia tri dugc chuyen dang theo cong thiic x' = logio(x-i-lO) HI KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Kich thuorc va lihoi luong cua hai loai Hen (Corbicula sp.) va Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) Qua hai dgt chiing toi da thu dugc 43 mau ciia loai Hen (Corbicula sp.) va 35 mau ciia loai Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) Trong loai Hen co kich thuac dao dong tu 3,50 din 5,10 cm, trung binh: 4,33 ± 0,42 cm va khoi lugng trung binh: 29,30 ± 1,07 g, doi voi loai Hau song co kich thuoc tir 3,90 din 5,10 cm, trung binh: 4,51 ± 0,44 cm va khoi lugng trung binh: 41,10 ± 0,72 g (bang 1) Ham lirgrng As, Pb biin day, loai Hin (Corbicula sp.) va Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) Ham lugng As trung binh bun day: 7,59 ± 3,24 |ag/g So sanh vai TC ISQG ve giai han cho phep ciia As bun day (< 7,24 |ig/g) cho thay, tai khu vuc cira song Cu De CO diu hieu nhiem As Trong ham lugng Pb trung binh bun day: 15,45 ± 5,30 [ig/g, nam giai ban cho phep so voi tieu chuan ISQG (< 30,2 |ig/g) (bang 2) Hien nay, cac loai Hen va Hau song dugc nghien ciru ve kha nang tich liiy doi vai hau het cac KLN dgc hai nhu As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Tuy nhien, miic tich luy doi vai moi KLN la khac Ket qua a nghien ciiu cho thay, ham lugng As trung binh tich liiy a loai Hen: 1,40 ± 0,64 |ig/g va Hau song: 1,23 ± 1,08 jig/g Ham lugng As tich liiy hai loai deu cao ban tieu chuan cho phep (TCCP) ciia Bg y te (< |ag/g) Ham lugng Pb trung binh tich liiy loai Hen: 3,58 ± 2,69 |ig/g va Hau song: 1,04 ± 0,81 |Lig/g Ham lugng Pb loai Hen cao hon TCCP cua Bg y te (< ^g/g), doi voi loai Hau song thi thip horn TCCP (bang 3) Ket qua phan tich ANOVA (a = 0,05) cho thay, khong co su khac co y nghia ve miic tich liiy As giiia hai loai Hen va Hau song Tuy nhien, mire tich liiy Pb a loai Hen lai cao han va khac c6 y nghia so voi loai Hau song (bang 3, hinh 2) 29 Bang 1: Kich thuac (cm), khoi lugng (g) ciia hai loai Hin va Hau song Loai Hen Loai Hau song Kich thirffc Khoi lirong Kich thirac Khoi IiroTig M ± Sd (cm) M±Sd(g) M ± Sd (cm) M ± Sd (g) Trung binh 4,33 ± 0,42 29,30 ± 1,07 4,51 ±0,44 41,10 ±0,72 Minimum 3,50 28,92 3,90 40,39 Maximun 5,10 32,17 5,10 42,39 Bang 2: Ham lugng As, Pb trung binh bun day Ham Itfong KLN As (^g/g) (n = 8) Pb (^g/g) (n = 8) M ±Sd TC ISQ (Canada) 7,59 ± 3,24 < 7,24 ^g/g 15,45 ±5,30 < 30,2 ng/g 25 m g A s bi'iu d a y As t i o i i g H e u 20 As tiOiigHnti P b tioiig biin day Pb tiOugHeii 15 PbtiOiigHati 10 H Hinh 2: Ham lugng As, Pb tich liiy bun day va hai loai Hen va Hau sor 30 Bang 3: Ham lugng As, Pb hai loai Hen va Hau song Hen Hau song TCCP M±Sd M±Sd (867/1998/QD-BYT) As (^ig/g) (n = 8) l,40±0,64a 1,23± 1,08a Pb (ng/g) (n = 8) 3,58±2,69a' l,04±0,81b' KLN y= 0,235x + 0,764 r=0,771 p^^,^^=0,03 n=8 Khoang tin cay 95% ^' • 1.09,-m 1.08D 1.075 1.06- i 'o^1.041.03- '" ^ ^ • —— (a) ^.^•^ • - y = 0.700x +0,147 r= P,.,„.=0.019 n=8 Ktioang tin cay % (b) 1,40 1,45 1,55 1,60 Hinh 3: a, b Tuong quan giiia As, Pb tich liiy bun day va loai Hin (Corbicula sp.) Ghi chii: Cac gia tri trung binh co ciing chii cai a, b va a', b' khong co su khac co y nghia theo cot 31 Tuong quan gifra ham luong As, Pb bun day va ca thi Hen va Hau son KLN tich liiy mo cac loai hai manh vo c6 nhiiu ngu6n gic khac Theo Huanxin, Lejun (2000), Wang (2002), Apeti (2005), su tich luy la nuac, biin day, thiic an bi nhiem KLN Ket qua phan tich tuang quan giiia ham lugng As va Pb bun day va loai Hen va Hau song cho thay, su tich liiy As, Pb hai loai Hen va Hau song tuong quan thuan vai sir tich liiy As, Pb bun day Trong o loai Hen sir tich liiy As a miic "tuong quan chat" voi r = 0,771 (pvaiue= 0,03) (hinh 3a); sir tich liiy Pb a miic "tucmg quan chat" voi he so tuong quan r = 0,791 (pvaiue=0,019) (hinh 3b) y=0,326x +0,645 1,14-1 — — 1,12- r = , p^^,^^=0,093 n=8 K h o a n g tin c a y % / m y' •U' 1,10- ^_^^ "" 1.081,06 - - —— ^^^^,-' • 1,04 ' ' ^ ^ - • ^ " ' ^ ^ " - - — - ^ — 1,02 - (a) • 1.00 1,20 1,25 1,30 As bdn diiy - y = x + 0,67 r=0,583 0,225 Pvalur n=6 1,161,14- / KnoanQ tir cay J /o v^ _^ y' song 1,12- I / ,'i • 1,08 - % 1,06 • 1,041,02 - ^^^''^w (b) • 1,00 - T 1,35 1,40 1,45 ' ^ 1.50 Pb biin d^y Hinh 4: a, b Tuong quan giiia As, Pb tich liiy bun day va loai Hau soi (Ostrea rivularis G.) 32 CJ loai Hau song sir tich luy As tuang quan a miic "tuong dii chat" voi r = 0,632 (Pvaiue = 0,093) (hinh 4a), su tich luy Pb tuang quan o miic "tuong quan yiu" vai r = 0,218 (Pvaiue= 0,25) (hinh 4b) IV KET LUAN Bun day a khu vuc song Cu De TP Da Ning ham lugng As trung binh vucrt TCCP 1,05 lin (7,59 ± 3,24 ng/g), Pb chua c6 diu hieu nhiem (5,45 ± 5,30 lig/g)2 Ham lugng As o ca hai loai Hen va Hau song deu vugt TCCP ciia Bg y te (Hen: 15,45 ± 5,30 ng/g va Hau song: 1,23 ± 1,08 |ag/g) Diiu dang chu y la mac dii ham lugng Pb biin day cua song Cu De chua co dau hieu nhiem, nhung ham lugng Pb tich liiy loai Hin da vugt TCCP 1,5 lin (3,58 ± 2,69 \ig/g) Ham lugng Pb loai Hau song van nim TCCP (1,04 ± 0,81 ^g/g) Su tuong quan thuan giiia ham lugng As, Pb bun day va loai Hen (Corbicula sp.) va loai Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G.) cho thay co the sir dung hai loai lam sinh vat chi thi cho nhiim As va Pb khu vuc cira song Cu De, TP Da Nlng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Le Huy Ba, 2002 Dgc hgc moi truong NXB Dai hgc QG TP.HCM Thai TrSn Bai, 2005 Dong vat khong xuong sing NXB Giao due Dang Thiiy Binh, Nguyen Thanh, Son, Nguyen Thi Thu Nga, 2006 Nghien ciiu su tich liiy kim loai nang 6c huang va mot so doi tugng hai san (Vem, Hai sam, Rong sun) tai dao Diep Son, vinh Van Phong, Khanh Hoa Tap chi Khoa hgcCong nghe Thuy san, s6 03-04/2006 Le Dire va cs, 2004 Mot so phuang phap phan tich moi truong NXB Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Noi Dang Ngoc Thanh, Thii TrSn Bai, Pham Van Mien, 1980 Dinh loai dong vat khong xuong song nuoc nggt Bac Viet Nam NXB Khoa hgc Ky thuat Le Thi Vinh, 2005 Anh huang ciia hat Nix tir nha may dong tau Hyundai-Vinashin toi ham lugng kim loai Hau Saccostrea cucullata vinh Van Phong Phu truong Tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Biin, 198-204 33 Le Thi Vinh, Pham Van Thorn, Nguyin H6ng Thu, Ducmg Trong Kiim, ^ » Hihi Tam, 2006 Anh huang ciia Zn va Cu tir hat Nix ciia nha may tau Hyundai-Vinashin tai chat lugng moi truong My Giang, vinh Van Phong Tuyen tap nghien ciiu Biin, 2006, XV, 81-91 John ogony Odiyo, Hendriclcs Maboladisoro Bapele, Ronal Mugwedi and Lulce Chimuka, 2005 Metal in environmental media: A study of trace and plantinum group metals in Thoyaandou, South Africa School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Vende, South Africa Percy Perera, 2004 Heavy metal concentrations in the Pacific Oystre Crassostrea gigas, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 10 Sari Airas, Trace metal concentrations in blue mussel Mytilus edulis in Byfiorden and the coastal areas of Bergen, Institute for Fisheries and Marine Biology University of Bergen 11 Avenant, Oldewage and HM Marx, 2006 Bioaccumulation of Cd, Cu, Fe in the organs and tissues of Clarias gariepinus in the Olifants River, Kruger National park Departmnet of Zoology, Rond Afrikaans University, PO box 524, Auckland Park, South Africa 12 Munir Ziya Lugal Gol^su, Muatafa Aliar, Fatma Cevili, Ozlem Findilc, 2003 Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu) in two Bivalvia Species (Pinctada radiate Leach, 1814 and Brachidontes pharaonis Fischer, 1870), Turk Vet Anim Sci 29 (2005) ACCUMULATION OF As, Pb IN CLAM (Corbicula sp.) AND RIVER OYSTER (Ostrea rivularis Gould, 1861) IN CU DE ESTUARINE, DA NANG CITY NGUYEN VAN KHANH, VO VAN MINH, PHAM THI HONG HA, DUONG CONG VINH Summary: Bivalves are widely regarded as good bioindicator species because of their widespread distribution and abundance in many aquatic habitats They have sedentary life, hardiness and ability to bioaccumulate from water and sediments Bivalves have been studied to indicate the pollution of heavy metal in environment Besides the technical facilities to determine metal concentration in organisms, usually higher than that of the other components, represent the amount of metals bioavailability and thus possibly going into for ' / , , , „ ^,YA possible toxic and deleterious impacts to the ecosystem In this study, we presen results about concentration of As, Pb in Clam (Corbicula sp.) and Oyster (Ostrea rivu , y^^ 34 from Cu De estuarine Da Nang city Our data have important implications for biomonitor of heavy metal by Clam (Corbicula sp.) and Oyster (Ostrea rivularis G) Ngdy nhan bdi: 25 - 10 - 2009 Ngirai nhan xet: PGS TS Nguyen Tac An 35 ... liiy As, Pb a hai loai Hen (Corbicula sp. ) va Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G .) tai cira song Cu De, TP Da Nang II PHI/ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Doi tugng nghien ciiu la loai Hen (Corbicula sp. ) thuoc... logio(x-i-lO) HI KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Kich thuorc va lihoi luong cua hai loai Hen (Corbicula sp. ) va Hau song (Ostrea rivularis G .) Qua hai dgt chiing toi da thu dugc 43 mau ciia loai Hen (Corbicula sp. ). .. hoc va Cong nghe bien TIG (201 0) So Tr 27 - 35 HAM L U O N G AS, Pb TICH LUY TRONG LOAI HEN {Corbicula sp. ) VA HAU SONG {Ostrea rivularis Gould, 186 1) TAI CLTA SONG CU DE, THANH PHO DA NANG NGUYEN