33(3) 93 97 Tap chf SINH HOC 9 2011 DANH GIA HAM LUONG Cd VA Pb TICH LUY TRONG MOI TRUCING DAT VA TRONG CAC LOAI GIUN DAT (GIONCJ PHERETIMA) 6 KHU C 6 N G NGHIEP HOA KHANH, THANH PHO DA N A N G PHAM T[.]
33(3): 93-97 Tap chf SINH HOC 9-2011 DANH GIA HAM LUONG Cd VA Pb TICH LUY TRONG MOI TRUCING DAT VA TRONG CAC LOAI GIUN DAT (GIONCJ PHERETIMA) KHU C N G NGHIEP HOA KHANH, THANH PHO DA N A N G PHAM THI H N ( ; HA, NCJUY^N VAN KHANH, Lt THI HlfeU GIANG Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm, Dgi hgc Dd Ndng Khu cdng nghiep (KCN) Hda Khanh la mdt nhung KCN trgng dilm ciia phd Da Ning, ndi diy tip trung cac nha inay thudc eac nganh cdng nghiep: luyen kim, co khf lap rap may mac, dien tii san phim bao bi Do dd nguy CO d nhilm kim loai nang (KLN) mdi tnicing dit la kha ldn Nghien ciiu cua Vd Van Minh (2006) tai mdt so khu vuc xung quanh KCN Hda Khanh cho thiy lugng KLN Cd dai va rau Cai d nhilu dilm nghien ciiu da cao xip xi tieu chuin cho phip (TCCP) [5] Hien su dung cac sinh vat chi thj dl danh gia miic d nhilm KLN, dd cd giun dat dang duge iing dung tren thl gidi nhim bo ua cho cac phuong phap ly hda giam sat6nhilmKLN[4, 6, 7] Trong bai bao nay, chiing tdi trinh biy phuong phap va ket qua nghien ciiu ban diu vl ham lugng kim loai Cd va Pb tfch liiy dat va cac loai giun dat gid'ng Pheretima nhim gdp phan xiy dung co sd khoa hgc cho viec su dung giun dit lam sinh vat chi thj d nhilm kim loai Cd va Pb mdi trudng dat L PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU L Ddi tugng Cac loai giun dat thudc gid'ng Pheretima, hg Megascolecidae, bd Lumbrieimorpha thudc ldp giun ft to Oligochaeta, nganh giun dd't (AnneUda) [I] Phuong phap Cac miu dat va giun dat dugc thu qua dgt thu miu, dgt 1: 11/2009; dgt 2: 03/2010 d di^m dai dien eho khu vuc nghien cdu: td 61, Hoa Khanh Bic; Td 5B, Hda Hiep Nam va Da Phuoc I, la nhirng khu vue chiu anh hudng true tiep tuf nhiing hoat ddng xa thai eiia KCN Hda Khanh Miu giun dit dugc thu cac hd dao cd kich thudc 50 x 50 cm cho din hit giun dat (0 30 cm) Tiin hanh djnh loai miu giun dit dua theo khda phan loai giun dit ciia Thai Trin Bai (1983) va Pham Thj Hdng Ha (1995) Miu giun dii dugc say khd din khd tuyet dd'i, nghiin nhd bing cdi siir sau dd can chfnh xac g miu va vd cd hda miu bing dung djch HNO3 dac -h H2SO4+ H2O2 binh kendal [3] Miu dat dugc thu ddng thdi vdi miu giun dit, li'y miu dit ting mat 30 cm theo timg khu vuc Xac dinh chi tieu pH dat bing may pH INOLAB S6 Miu dit de khd Xxt nhien, nghiin bing cdi sii bdt cin chfnh xac g miu dit khd, vd co hda bing axit HNO3 -H H2O2 blnh Kendal [2, 3] Phin tfch ham lugng Cd va Pb bing phuong phap quang phd hip thu nguyen tii (AAS) tai phdng thf nghiem phin tfch, thudc Dai Khf tugng thuy van khu vuc Tmng Trung bd Sd lieu dugc xii ly theo phuong phap thdng ke, so sanh cac gia trj trung binh bang phuong phap phan tfch ANOVA va kiim tra LSD vdi miic y nghia a = 0,05, cac gia tri phan tfch tUdng quan dugc chuyin dang theo cdng thiic X' = log(x + 10) II KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Do pH mdi trudng cd anh hudng din su linh ddng ciia KLN va su tfch luy cac KLN co the sinh vat d mdi trudng cd pH thifp thi su hda tan va tfnh linh ddng ciia cac KLN ting len, ngugc lai mdi trudng cd pH cao thi tfnh linh ddng cua cac KLN giam xud'ng dd KLN se tdn tai dudi dang hgp chit kit tua va ling dgng, chiing ri't klid phin buy qua thdi gian 93 Kel quii nghien cuu elio lliiiy pi I cua ciil dao ddng lir 5,30 7,98; irung binh pH tai khu virc Id 61, Hda Kbiinb Bac: 6.06 J 0.51; lai khu vuc id 5B, Hoa Iliep Nam: 6.71 i 0,83; lai khu vUc Da Phudc I: 6,97 ± 1.01 (bang I) Nhin chung moi trirdng dai eo linh axil iihc dien n;iy eo Ihe lam lang dd linh dgng eua eae KLN Irong dai v;i lang kb;i nang lich luy KLN ca ibe sinh thi'y, ham luong Cd va Pb cd su khac giua cac khu vuc nghien cu'u KLN Cd va Pb cao nha't d khu vuc Id 61, Hda Khanh Bic va Cd d ti't ca eac khu vuc nghien cdu diu vugt nhilu lin so vdi TCCP (QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT Cd: < mg/kg), Pb d nhilu khu vuc da xip xi TCCP (QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT Pb: < 70 mg/kg) \al So vdi nghieii cii'u cua Vd Van Minh (2006) cho thiy c(') su gia lang mire dd tfch luy Cd tai Ciie khu vUc xung quanh KCN Hda Khanh [5], So vdi cac kit qua danh gia liii cac khu edng nghiep vimg ngoai Ha Ndi cd ham lugng Cd (hit dao dong tir 0.16 - 0,89 mg/kg, ham lugng Pb dao ddng ur 8.36 88,02 ingAg [7]; tai Van Lim, Hung Yen cd ham lugng Pb la 7.10' 15.10^ mg/kg va Cd la 1,8 3.6 mg/kg thi nghien ciiu nay, hiim luctng Cd da cao hon cac viing ndi Ircn Vii ham lucrng Pb lai thip hom Ham lugng KLN Cd va Pb moi Iruimg dai a eae iliem nghien cuu: Vo 61, Hda Khanh Bac eo ham Immg Cd trung binh: 12,47 ± 9,43 mg/kg va Pb: 50.15 i 26.1 (bang 1); khu virc Da Phudc v;i Td 5B, Hda Hiep Nam, lai viing Hda Hiep Nam ham lugng Cd trung binh: 4,49 ± 1.16 mg/kg v;i Pb: 22.02 i 16,1, khu vuc Da Phudc cd hiim lugng Cd Irung binh la 4.2 ± 1,5 mg/kg v;i Pb: 35,99 ± 16.1 Kel qua phin lich ANOVA va kiim tra LSD a mufc (/ = 0,05 cho Bdng I Chi so pH dat qua dgt thu mau Dia diem Td 61 Hda Khanh Bic Td 5B, Hda Hiep Nam Da Phudc I Dgtl T b ± s d ( n = 3) 6,37 ± 0,42 7,16 ±0,47 7,87 ± 0,09 Dgt T b ± s d ( n = 3) 5.73 ± 0.38 6,27 ± 0.95 6,06 ± 0,3 Trung binh Tb ± sd (n = 6) 6,06 ±0,51 6.71 ±0,83 6.97 ± 1,01 Bdng Ham lugng Cd va Pb mlu dat tai cac khu virc nghien curu Dia diem Td 61, Hda Khanh Bic Td 5B, Hda Hiep Nam Da Phudc I Dot thu mlu Dgt (n = 3) Dgt 2(n = 3) Tb ± sd (n = 6) Dgt (n = 3) Dgt (n = 3) Tb ± sd (n = 6) Dgt (n = 3) Dgt ( n ^ 3) Tb ± sd (n = 6) QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT Cd (mg/kg) 20.95 ±2.44 3.99 ± 0.95 12.47 ± 9,43a 4.27 ± 0,92 4,73 ± 1,54 4.49 ± 1,16b 4.62 ±2,18 3.78 ±0,58 4,2 ± 1,50c < mg/kg Pb (mg/kg) 66.32 ± 29,73 33.98 ± 5,43 50.15 ± 26,10a' 8.27 ± 6,44 35,77 ± 6,23 22,02 ± 16,10b' 30,88 ± 22,52 41,09 ±7,98 35,99 ± 16,1 lc' < 70 mg/kg ^ Ghi chu: cic gia trj co ciing ky tu (a, b, c) hoac (a\ b' c") khdng cd su khac cdnghla d miic a = 0,05 Trong nghien cdu qua dgt thu miu vdi 333 ca thl giun dit td 18 hd djnh lugng, da thdng ke duge 13 loai giun dit Trong dd, gid'ng Pheretima ehiem uu the' ea vl sd lugng ca 94 thl va sd loai vdi 10 loai, chie'm 76,92% tdng sd loai, cae gidng eon lai, mdi gid'ng chi ed mdt loai, ehiem 7,69% (bang 3) tsangj Danh sach cac loai giun dat d KCN Hda Khanh STT 10 11 12 13 14 Ten khoa hoc Chi Pheretima Pheretima campanuUata Ph danangana Ph digna Ph donghaana Ph houletl Ph modlgliani Ph papulosa papulosa Ph roderlcensis Ph tschillensis Ph varians songbana Ph non Chi Lampito Lampito maiiritii Chi Pontoscolex Pontoscolex corethrurus Chi Perionyx Perionvx excavatus Tl le (%) 76,92 7,69 7,69 7,69 Kit qua phin tfch ham lugng KLN Cd va Pb tfch luy cac loai giun dit thugc gid'ng f^lieretima cho thiy ham lugng Cd giun dit tai khu vuc To 61, Hda Khanh Bic la 4,05 ± 1,38 mg/kg va Pb: 17,09 ± 4,1 mg/kg; khu vuc Hda Hiep Nam, Cd: 1,23 ± 0,1 mg/kg va Pb: 12,61 ± 2.96 mg/kg; khu vuc Da Phudc I, Cd: 1,22 ± 0,88 mg/kg va Pb: 16,81 ± 5,55 mg/kg Kit quii phin tfch ANOVA va kiim tra LSD cho thiy, cd su khac cd y nghTa vl su tfch luy KLN Cd va Pb co the giun dit d ba khu vuc nghien ciiru (a = 0,05) (bang 4) Theo kit qua nghien ciru ciia Jun va nnk (2004) d cac vimg diii d nhilm KLN cho thi'y, ham lugng Cd tfch luy loai giun Aporrectodea callginosa khoang 6,18 17,02 mg/kg; ham lugng Pb khoang 0,08 0,38 mg/kg; ham lugng Cd loai giun Lumhricus rubellus khoang 3,64 - 6,34 mg/kg, ham lugng Pb khoang 0,03 0,13 17] Nghien ciiu ciia Uba va nnk (2009) vl ham lugng KLN dit va giun dat tai vimg dit bj d nhilm d Zaria, Nigeria cho thi'y, ham lugng KLN Cd trung binh dit: 25,95 75,17 mg/kg va Pb: 34,24 666,67 mg/kg Ham lugng Cd va Pb tfch luy loai giun dit Lumbiicus terrestris lan lugt la: 0,55 - 8,13 mg/kg; 5,01 265,40 mg/kg [8] Diiu dd cho tha'y ham lugng KLN Cd va Pb tfch luy gid'ng Pheretima b nghien ciiu kha cao Bdng Ham Iirgng Cd va Pb co the giun dat tai cac khu vuc nghien curu Dia diem To 61-Hda Khanh Bae T65B-Hda Hiep Nam Da Phudc I Dot thu mlu Dgt (n = 3) Dgt (n = 3) Tb ± sd (n = 6) Dgt l(n = 3) Dgt (n = 3) Tb ± sd (n = 6) Dgt l(n = 3) Dgt (n = 3) Tb ± sd (n = 6) Cd (mg/kg) 5,30 ±0,19 2,80 ± 0,96 4,05 ± 1,38a 0,35 ±0,31 2,12±0,19 1,23 ± 0,10b 0,58 ± 0,08 2,18 ±0,01 1,22 ± 0,88c Pb (mg/kg) 19,68 ±4,74 14,50 ±1,50 17,09 ± 4,10a' 10,77 ±3,25 14,45 ±1,09 12,61 ± 2,96b 18,53 ±7,05 14,23 ±1,29 16,81 ± 5,55c' Ghi cha: cac gia trj cd cimg ky Ur (a, b, c) hoac ( a', b', c') khdng co su khac co y nghia b miic a = 0,05, Ham lugng KLN mdi trudng cd anh huofng de'n su tfch luy KLN cd thl sinh vat Do dd, de xac dinh anh hudng cua ham lucftig KLN Cd va Pb mdi trudng dat va giun da't, chiing tdi tien hanh phan tfch miic dd tuong quan giiia ham lugng Cd va Pb dit va giun dit Cac gia trj sir dung phan tfch tuong quan dugc chuyin dang ve X = loglOfx + 10) He sd tuong quan cang eao thl md'i lien he giiia ham lugng Cd va Pb giun dit va ham lugng Cd, Pb tdng sd dit cang cd y nghia Nhu viy, cd the thdng qua phin tfch ham lugng KLN tfch luy cd the giun dit, cd the danh gia dugc chat 95 lugng mdi trudng da't ndi chung sinh sdng Kit quii phan tfch tUdng quan cho thiy mu'c tfch luy Cd va Pb dit luong quan thuin voi miic dd tfch luy Cd va Pb giun di't a muc "luofng quan chat" vdi Cd: r = 0,76, p^,,|„^ = 0,08 va vdi Pb: r = 0,78, p = 0,07 (hinh 1) Kcl quii nghien ciiu phii hgp vdi nghien cuu cua Jun va nnk (2004), d hai loiii giun dai la Aporrectodea callginosa va Liitnhriciis rubellus-la] mdi so khu vuc (V nude Phap cung cho kel qua tUdng quan ihuctn, Trong dd, ddi vdi loai Aporrectodea callginosa mdc "tuong quan vira" (r = 0,49, p = 0,05) dd'i Cd; (r = 0,57, p = 0,01) ddi vdi Pb d loai Aporrectodea caHglnosa he sd tucmg quan vua (r = 0,35, p - 0,16) dd'i vdi Cd; be sd "tuong quan chat" (r = 0,73, p = 0,0005) ddi vdi Pb [71 Trong nghien cii'u tuong quan giii'a miic (Id lich luy Cd va Pb co the giun di't va ham lugng Cd, Pb tdng so da't d miic tuong quan thuan vdi he sd tuong quan chat Vi vay, ed 111! sir dung giun di't gid'ng Pheretima lam sinh vit chi thj d nhilm Cd va Pb di't 20-1 48 § 16 48 1.14 44 t M 12.c 1,42 110u i 08 1.40 38- I 061 36 C 04 I Khoang Im i.a> '>^'i £ 00 10 1.20 25 30 35 40 45 y=0.2l2x+1.056 1.34- r=ll.7(i2; p=0.(l7S 02 1.50 Ham lucmg Cd dai (mg/kg) r=0.775: p=0.069 n=6 Kh.Mni: tinc4y959t 1,32 30 1,2 14 -r- 1155 16 -1— — I — 18 19 Him luong Pb irong JM (mgAg) Hinh Tuong quan giira ham lugng Cd va Pb dat va co thl giun da't IIL KET LUAN Thai Tran Bai, 2005: Ddng vat hgc khdng xudng sdng Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi Mdi trudng dai d ca khu vuc nghien cuu da bj d nhilm Cd, ham lugng Cd trung binh da't 7,05 ± 4,69 mg/kg (< mg/kg); ham lugng Pb trung binh: 36,05 ± 14,06 mg/kg vin nim gidi han TCCP (< 70 mg/kg) Ham lugng KLN Cd trung binh tfch liiy giun da't gid'ng Pheretima b khu vuc nghien cihi: 1.23 ± 0,007 mg/kg; mire tich luy Pb: 14,7 ± 2.97 mg/kg Le Dure Tran Khac Hiep Nguyin Xuan Cir, Pham Van Khang, Nguyin Ngpc Minh, 2004: Mdt sd phuang phap phan tfch mdi trudng Nxb Dili hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi Ham lugng KLN Cd va Pb da't va giun dat gidng Pheretima cd tUdng quan thuan vdi dd'i vdi Cd d mure "tuong quan chat" (r = 0,76, Pvaiue - 0,08); dd'i vdi Pb d muc "tucmg quan chat" (r = 0,78, p,,„, = 0,07) Qua nghien cuu cho thay cac loai giun dat thude gid'ng Pheretima cd kha nang ehi thi d nhilm KLN Cd va Pb TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 96 Le Van Khoa Nguyin Xuan Quynh, Nguyen Qudc Viet 2000: Phuong phap phiin tich dat nude phan bdn eay trdng Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi Le Van Khoa, Nguyin Xuan Quynh, Nguyin Qudc Viet, 2007: Chi tiii sinh hgc mdi trudng Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi Vd Van Minh, 2006: Ham lugng cadmium mdt sd loai rau eai (Brassicaceae) va da't trdng rau tai phudng Hda Hiep, quan Lien Chiiu, phd Da Ning, Khoa hgc Da't, 26 Amaral A., Manusoto, Cunh R., Marigo'mez I., Rodrigues A., 2006: Bioavailability and cellcular effects of metals on Lumbricus terrestris in habiting volcanic soil Enviromental Pollution 142: ^^^"^^^ Jun D., Thierry B., Henri R J., Georges R., France B-R., Johanne N Patrick L., 2004: Heavy metal accumulation by two earthworm species and its relationship to total and DTPA- extractable metals in soils, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 36: 91-99 Uba S., Uzairu A., Okunola O J., 2009: Content of heavy metal in Lumbricus Terrestris and associated soil in dump sites Int J Environ Res,, 3(3): 353-358 ASSESSMENT OF CADMIUM AND PLUMBUM CONTENT ACCUMULATED IN SOIL AND SOME EARTHWORM SPECIES (GENUS PHERETIMA) IN HOA KHANH INDUSTRIAL AREA, DA NANG CITY PHAM THI HONt; HA, NCJIIYEN VAN KHANH, LE THI HIEU GIANG ,Sl MMARY Earthwonns are useful and convenient indicators of the ecological health of soil They are common and easy to sample and identify Tlie\ ean absorb lieavy metals with the large amout into the body without toxicity for body Therefore lhc\ can be used as bioiiccuniulaters to as.sess heavy metal pollution in soil of a certain area Hoa Khanh indusuial area is one of the important industrial zones of Da Nang city, where located many factories: steel, mechanical, assembling, garments, electronics, product packaging, agriculture, forestry and seafood processing Thus, the existence of heavy metal in industrial waste water is inevitable and cause the increase in content of some heavy metals in soil In this study, we present results of the study on the content of Cd and Pb accumulation in soil and earthworms to help building the scientific basis for using earthworms as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution (Cd and Pb) in soil Heavy metals (Pb and Cd) accumulated by earthworm species examined in samples collected between November 2009 and March, 2010 The means value of heavy metals in soil were 7.05 ± 4.69 mg/kg Cd and 36.05 ± 14.06 mg/kg Pb and these is earthworms were 1.23 ± 0.007 mg/kg Cd and 14.7 ± 2.97 mg/kg Pb (dry weight) Key words: Bioaccumulation, bioindicator, earthworms, heavy metal, pheretima Ngdy nhdn bdi: 14-7-2010 97 ... ibe sinh thi''y, ham luong Cd va Pb cd su khac giua cac khu vuc nghien cu''u KLN Cd va Pb cao nha''t d khu vuc Id 61, Hda Khanh Bic va Cd d ti''t ca eac khu vuc nghien cdu diu vugt nhilu lin so vdi... lien he giiia ham lugng Cd va Pb giun dit va ham lugng Cd, Pb tdng sd dit cang cd y nghia Nhu viy, cd the thdng qua phin tfch ham lugng KLN tfch luy cd the giun dit, cd the danh gia dugc chat... lugng KLN Cd va Pb tfch luy cac loai giun dit thugc gid''ng f^lieretima cho thiy ham lugng Cd giun dit tai khu vuc To 61, Hda Khanh Bic la 4,05 ± 1,38 mg/kg va Pb: 17,09 ± 4,1 mg/kg; khu vuc Hda