Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo NGHIEN CUU S I ; DUNG TI/ONG CACH LY NHAN TAG BANG HOA CHAT NHAM NANG CAO AN TOAN, HIEU QUA TRONG KHAI THAC THAN HAM Ld Chemicals have been so far used widely on the wo[.]
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o NGHIEN CUU S I ; DUNG TI/ONG CACH LY NHAN TAG BANG HOA CHAT NHAM NANG CAO AN TOAN, HIEU QUA TRONG KHAI THAC THAN HAM Ld Chemicals have been so far used widely on the world for increasing strength of rock masses, preventing ground water leakage and creating separation walls in underground mining and construction Utilization of artificial separation wall made of chemicals replacing coal ribs, recovering coal and preventing mire fire is a very essential solution Moreover, this method could be applied to increase labor safety and mining efficiency at Quang Ninh underground coal mines SLP dgng hda chat de gia cadng khdi da, dao Id qua phay, chdng nadc ng4m xuong dadng Id, xay dang tadng each ly (de ngan nu'dc, khi, chay ) cdng nghiep khai thac va xay dang cdng trinh ngam da daoc SLP dgng rpng rai tai nhieu nadc tren the gidi nhLP Ba Lan, Thgy Dien, Na Uy, Australia, Cdng hda Sec, My, Nam Phi Cac hoa chat c6 nhieu loai khac thupc vao tinh chat, dac diem ddi tLPp'ng va muc tieu SLT dgng, nhien, nd cd dac diem chung la d l thi cdng, cd kha nang chdng chay hoac khd bat ICpa, ddng cang nhanh, mpt sd loai cd tfnh chat tru'ong nd, chju lac tdt 6" Vipt Nam cd rat ft cac cong trinh nghien cau su' dgng hda chat khai thac md va xay dang cdng trinh ngam Nam 2004, Vien Khoa nghp Md hpc Cdng Vinacomin da thac hien de tai cap Bp "Nghien cau c6ng nghe va ap dgng thCp nghiem phu'ong phap gia cadng dat da yeu phgc vg cdng tac co gidi hda dao Id va khau than d cac md ham Id" Tuy nhien, de tai mdi chi dang lai d nghien cu-u ly thuyet, chu-a trien khai thLP nghiem dieu kipn thac te cua Viet Nam de cd co TS TRaONG Dac Da ThS TRAN TUAN NGAN Vien Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Md- Vinacomin sd danh gia hieu qua SLP dgng SO' dgng tLPong each ly bang cat de chdng chay da du'p'c nghien cau, de xuat va ap dgng thac te san xuat tai mpt sd md cd than t a chay nhLP Hong Thai, Khe Bd, Phan M l Tuy nhien, k i t qua cdn rat han che, dac biet khd khan cong tac thi cong, chi phi nhan c6ng Idn Tai via 24, khu Trang Khe, Cdng ty than Hdng Thai, giai phap khdng khac phgc triet de du'p'c van d l chdng chay, v i n t i l m an nguy co gay mat an toan Qua tdng hp'p cac kinh nghiem ang dgng tu'ong each ly nhan tao bang hda chat khai thac md ham Id d nadc ngoai cho thay, viec ang dgng cac vat lieu nhan tao bang hda chat rat da dang nhLP lam tu'ong chan gid, tLPdng each ly nu'dc tai chan Id chp" t i l p giap vdi Id dpc via van tai d l bao ve cho tang khai thac phia du'di, bom gia cadng khoi da, bom ep d l ngan ngaa nu'dc ta cac khe nCpt Viec SLP dgng tadng each ly bang hda chat da dap ang du'p'c muc tieu dat la han c h i , each ly cac y l u td (nu'dc, chay ) gay anh hu'dng d i n qua trinh dao Id va khai thac Cac phLPong phap KHCNM SO 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO cd LPU d i l m la SLP dgng don gian, triln khai thi cong nhanh ch6ng, dam bao hieu qua each ly cao, tang cong tac an toan lao dpng, khdi ILi'P'ng cdng viec phai thac hien thap, chi phi van tai thap chi phi vat t a it Ddng thdi, SLP dgng tLPdng chan each ly da lam giam tdn that than va tang hieu qua khai thac (hinh 1) 6" Viet Nam, khai thac cac md than ham Id da ap dgng mpt so loai tadng each ly Cac loai tadng each ly da phat huy tac dgng tdt, han c h i nhang anh hu'dng xau d i n qua trinh khai thac va da mang lai hieu qua kinh t l Tuy nhien, viec ang dgng tadng each ly nhan tao cdng tac khai thac md cua ta mdi chi don gian la cac vat lieu nhu' gach, da, xi mang hoac la nhang vat lieu t a nhien nhu' cat, gd, d l t set Hien nay, khai thac ham Id, trCp iLi'P'ng than nam cac trg bao ve khdng lay dap'c la rat Idn Cac khu vac cd dieu kien dia chat md phac tap cd anh hadng rat Idn d i n cdng tac dao Id khai thac gay nen cac hien tap'ng tgt Id, bgc nu'dc va chay md Tren co sd kinh nghiem cua nu'dc ngoai, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md da thac hien d l tai nghien Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo ^ /' "N, 'is aa;;j: - a, Xay twang ngSn gid bSng phwang ph^p sw dung keo hda chit b, Cdng nghe phu Idp c^ch ly len Id bSng phwang ph^p phun hda chit c, Cdng nghe lip diy khoing trdng Id chg d, Bit kin v^ len ch$t khdi nguyen dA xung quanh cwa ngSn gid bing phwang ph^p sw dung hda chit RO-KIWJ/ pTt'u,-r/*,a tiy toion n o* (j^ck t - ^ iongwallfoce retreat -• ^ - - ^ _.**.* ™ „.i* * ^Ji "1 3M 1000M e, L^m bin vwng nga ba Id cha tiSp gi^p vai cAc f, Sw dung vat li$u nhin tao bfng ho^ chat thay dwdng Id bing bien ph^p sw dung hda chit thi cic tru than b§o ve, cui Ign de tri v^ bio v$ Ccic dwdng Id chuin bj Hinh Mot so Ceng dyng cua tuang each ly nhan tao bang hda chat a Ba Lan va cac nuxyc tren the giai (a, b, c, d, e, f) KHCNM S6 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM L ® Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o cau su- dgng cac vat lipu bang hda chat nham han chi cac anh hu-dng cd hai din qua trinh dao Id va khai thac nhu- sau: SLP dgng tadng each ly nhan tao bang hda chat de thay the cac trg than bao vp cac dadng Id chuan bj va khai thac, nham han chi cac anh hadng cd hai din qua trinh dao Id va khai thac cung nhu- tang kha nang tan thu than, nang cao hieu qua kinh t l va dam bao an toan lao ddng (hinh 2, 3) Ban chat cua phuong an " UfJCkjB-B LSdj U(iJi^~-^-z-^ J xx6u^„.JJ J - - -J Hinh Sa bo trf tu^ng chin cAch ly thay the try than, bio vg Id dgc via v$n tai A\— B[— C\— MATCATA-A (VI Trt LO CHO Vtft KMftj QIM) Cuac n a l n J l K U ptit hoi C ^ g6 v^ Ki cap pha Ah- y^ B(— Cf— KfrcAuc6PPHAC0A1V(>IGCACHLY X^z MATCATB-B (VIIRIGIAC6NOCI5PPH*| One ngin d i m phi hoi Hinh Hg chieu thi cdng tu-ang chin each ly thay the try than, bao vg Id dgc via v$n tii KHCNM S6 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO Cong tac chuan bi va khai thac Id chg: Khu vac Id chp" ap dgng dap-c chuan bj theo so dd cdng nghp khai thac cdt dai theo phaong, cac dadng Id chuin bj cua Id chp" bao gdm: Id dpc via thdng gid, van tai va Id thap-ng khdi dilm Khai thac Id chp- bang phu'ong phap khoan nd min, chdng gia gaong Id chp" bang cpt thuy lac don xa khdp, gia thuy lac di dpng hoac gia khung thuy lac di dpng Sau khau, chdng giu' gaong Id chp- mpt chu ky tiln hanh lam tadng each ly thay t h i trg than va bao vp Id dpc via van tai So dd bd tri tadng each ly thay the trg than, bao vp Id dpc via van tai (hinh 2) Cdng tac lam tuang each ly: Trong qua trinh khai thac Id chp" khau dat ta bien gidi v l trung tam khu vac Id dpc via van tai khdng bj danh sap ma dap'c bao vp va gia lai SLP dgng lam Id thdng gid cho khai thac phan tang dadi Phaong phap bao vp (lam tadng each ly) nha sau: khai thac Id chptheo tien dp khau gaong, di chuyen vi chdng de dilu khien da vach Phan chan Id chp" tiep giap vdi Id dpc via van tai khdng dap'c danh sap ma gia lai lam tadng each ly (trg bao ve) d l bao ve cho Id van tai Kich thadc cua tadng chan each ly theo chilu ddc cua Id Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o —^A E}"— Ooan 10 phu hoi ch^l L = 45m Tuong c h ^ each ly dId dpc via UiOng gibj 45 „ MATCATD-D MATCATA-A Doan 10 phu L6 doc via vSn Tifi>ng chSn c6ch ly d 10 doc vfa v$n tdi chp" k l ta hdng Id dpc via van tai theo tinh chat va ap lac md (thdng thadng la 1,0m), chilu cao bing chilu cao Id chp", chieu dai bang chieu dai doan Id dpc via can du'p'c bao ve Vipc thi cdng tadng each ly dap'c tiln hanh theo hai bade: Budc 1: Lam cdp pha dang tLPdng each ly Theo tiln dp khai thac Id cho, cdp pha de lam tu'ong du'p'c lam d vj tri chan Id chp" vj tri tilp giap vdi 16 dpc via van tai Kich thadc cua cdp pha va khdng gian lam tLPdng chin phg thudc vao kich thu-dc tu'ong each ly (hinh 3) Vat lipu lam cdp pha Hinh Hd chieu khai thac sCe dyng tuxyng each ly bang hda chat ngan ngCra chay md SLP dgng gd kit hp'p t i m bat chdng tham va dap'c lien kit chac chin Buac 2: Lam tu'dng each ly bing vat lipu nhan tao hda chat Su' dgng day chuyin ddng bp bom hoa chat va cac phg kipn kem theo Sau lam xong cdp pha cho tadng each ly, bom dung djch gdm bdt hoa chat va nadc Hdn hp'p dan nd va ddng kit lai trd trg tadng bao ve cho Id dpc via lfu diem: - Thay t h i trg than bao vp, giam tdn that than khai thac KHCNM S6 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO - Giam chi phi dao, cung co va bao dadng dadng Id - Cdng nghe don gian, ta cdng tac chuan bj din cdng tac thi cdng tadng each ly A/Aiiwc d7em; Day la mdt cdng nghp mdi, day chuyin cdng nghp, thilt bj va vat lipu hda chat lam tadng each ly phai nhap ngoai SLP dgng tadng each ly nhan tao bing hda chat ngan ngaa chay md Trong qua trinh khai thac cac via than cd tfnh ta chay, SLP dgng phu'ong phap lam tu'dng chin each ly, ngan each khu vg'c da khai Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo thac nhim han c h i sa hap phg oxy cua than gay nen chay md (hinh 4) Tren co sd cac giai phap da XU' ly va ngan ngaa chay md qua trinh khai thac tai via 24 Cdng ty than Hdng Thai, phu'ong an khai thac Id chp' kit hp'p chen Id ban phan la phaong an han c h i dap'c vipc cap oxy vao khoang khong gian da khai thac va han chi tdi da daoc nguy co gay chay md qua trinh khai thac, dam bao an toan qua trinh khai thac Id chp" D l tai laa chpn phaong an cdng nghp SLP dgng vat lipu hoa chat thay t h i vat lipu bing cat d l lam tadng each ly nhan tao qua trinh khai thac Id chp" thilt bj phun hda chat, phun trac tiep vao dit da d ludng pha hda (phan tiep giap vdi khdng gian lam vipc cua Id chp") sudt ta dau Id chp" xudng chan Id chp" Hda chat se dap'c tham thau vao dat da pha hda va ddng kit lai bac tadng (ta trg din vach via) ngan each khdng gian lam viec cua Id chp" vdi khdng gian da khai thac TLi-dng chin each ly tha hai (va tilp theo) cung dap'c xay dang taong ta va cung sau thdi gian khai thac khoang mpt thang + Xay dung tudng each ly nhan t^o bang hda chat tai Id dgc via van tai va Id thdng gid cua Id chgf Ddng thdi vdi qua trinh phun hda chat tao tadng each ly ludng pha hda, tai vj Ngi dung cua phuxyng an tri dd theo phu'ong d Id dpc nhu sau: via van tai va Id thdng gid xay + Xay dung tudng each ly cac tadng chin bing hda nhan t^o bang hda chat theo chat Hai tadng chin d hai Id chieu doc cua Id chg t^i luong dpc via kit hp'p vdi tadng pha hda chin d ludng pha hda Id chpTheo thdi gian khau gaong se ngan hoan toan gid sach 16 chp", ca sau mpt thang tien cung cap cho Id chp- tilp xuc hanh xay dang tadng each ly vdi phan than cdn lai nhan tao bing h6a chat dpc ludng pha hda khai thac theo chieu ddc 16 chp" tai vi tri Tien hanh phun hda chat len luong pha hda Cdng vipc xung quanh Id dpc via du'oc tiln hanh nha sau: Sau van tai va Id thdng gid cua Id Id chp' bit dau khai thac chp' de each ly Id chp" vdi (ke ca thdi gian tiln hanh khai vung da khai thac trade va thac de thac hipn cdng tac vung khai thac sau nay, Idp pha hda ban dau) dap'c mpt hda chat phun phu Id thang, dang cdng tac khai cd chilu day khoang 15mm, thac Id chp', thac hipn cdng chilu dai phun tren mdi tac lam tadng chin each ly du'dng Id theo phLPong tha nhat SLP dgng ddng bp bing khoang each giaa hai KHCNM s o 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO tadng chin each ludng pha hda ly cua Ngoai ra, SLP dgng vat lieu nhan tao bing hda chat cdn de gia cd, lam cang hoac lam dn dinh cac vung dat da ylu de phgc vg cdng tac dao Id chuan bj, phun phu Id hoac bom dung djch hda chat vao cac khe nCrt d l ngan ngaa rd ri nu'dc va md din cac khu vac khai thac Viec SLP dgng trg tadng each ly nhan tao bing hda chat de thay t h i cac trg than bao ve, lam cac tadng chin each ly cac du'dng Id chuan bj va khai thac de tan thu than va ngan ngaa chay md la rat can thilt Ap dgng phaong an thac t l se nang cao mac dp an toan cho ngadi lao ddng va hipu qua khai thac than tai cac md ham Id./ Tai lieu tham khao - KS Nha Viet Tuan " Nghien cau ang dgng tadng each li nhan tao bing hda chat nhIm nang cao an toan, hipu qua khai thac than tai cac md ham Id vung Quang Ninh Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghpMd Ha Ndi Nam 2010 - "Nghien cau laa chpn cdng nghe khai thac hp'p li cho via 24 mac +30 - LV - Khu Trang Khe theo hu'dng ang xu' nha than cd tinh ta chay va lap thilt k l , ban ve thi cdng cong nghe dap'c chpn Vien Khoa hpc Cong nghp Md Nam 2010 ... va khai thac, nham han chi cac anh hadng cd hai din qua trinh dao Id va khai thac cung nhu- tang kha nang tan thu than, nang cao hieu qua kinh t l va dam bao an toan lao ddng (hinh 2, 3) Ban... Id chuan bj va khai thac de tan thu than va ngan ngaa chay md la rat can thilt Ap dgng phaong an thac t l se nang cao mac dp an toan cho ngadi lao ddng va hipu qua khai thac than tai cac md ham... Id chpTheo thdi gian khau gaong se ngan hoan toan gid sach 16 chp", ca sau mpt thang tien cung cap cho Id chp- tilp xuc hanh xay dang tadng each ly vdi phan than cdn lai nhan tao bing h6a chat