PETROVIETNAM Nghien cu''''u che tao chat tao gel cho hydrocarbon su dung t rong dung djeh nu t vo via thuy \ac goc dau ThS Bill IVIinh Son Tong cdng ty Thdm dd Khai thdc Ddu khi PGS TS Hoang Dung Trudng[.]
PETROVIETNAM Nghien cu'u che tao chat tao gel cho hydrocarbon su-dung t r o n g d u n g djeh nu-t vo via thuy \ac goc dau ThS Bill IVIinh Son Tong cdng ty Thdm dd Khai thdc Ddu PGS.TS Hoang Dung Trudng DH Md - Dia chd't ThS Ta Quang IVIinh, KS Nguyen Thi Cham Tong cdng ty cophdn Dung dich Khoan vd Hda pham ddu Tom tat Cd nhieu phffdng phdp dexffly vung can ddy gieng khoan nhdm ndng eao he so thu hoi ddu khf nhff: phffdng phdp hda hpe (xff ly bdng dung dfeh axit, nhu hod axit, axit bpt ); phffdng phdp nhiet (tdeh sdp, hdc in ); phffdng phdp vdt ly (Idm sach chat thdi rdn vd can nffdc Idng dpng, bdm rffa day gieng vdi mpt hon hpp cdc chd't hoat dpng be mat) Viee dp dung cdc phffdng phdp ndi tren mang lai hieu qud kinh te nhffng ed nhffpe diem Id thdi gian tri vd hieu qud keo ddi sau xff ly khdng cao De khde phue nhffng nhffpe diem cua cdc phffdng phdp ndy, ehung tdi dd Iffa chpn mpt sd gidi phdp cdng nghe dffpc thffc hien dffdi ddy gieng nhdm ndng eao he so thu hdi ddu cua cdc md mang Igi hieu qud kinh te vd ed dp on djnh cao hdn Dd Id phffdng phdp xffly vdi hda chd't vd ddc biet Id xffly cdhpc (nfft vdthuy Iffc via eua /•if' tdng chffa ddu) Bdi viet cung cap cdc kit qud nghien cffu vd che tao ehdt tao gel ddu hydrocarbon dffdc sff dung dung dich nfft vd via thuy Iffc Thi nghiem dffdc thffc hien bdi tdc gid vd nhdm epng tdc vien tai phong thi nghiem cua Tong edng ty co phdn Dung djeh khoan va Hda pham Ddu khodng thdi gian tff thdng 10/2010 den thdng 1/2011 DAU K H i - s o 3/2011 45 THAM DO - KHAI T H A C D A U KHI I.GIGflTHIEU Viec tang san lUpng khai thae cua cac gieng khai thac dau nham gdp phan nang eao he sd thu hdi dau eua md la nhiem vu quan trpng eua cae edng ty dau Khai thac dau d Viet Nam hien la mpt nganh cdng nghiep mui nhpn mang lai hieu qua kinh te eao nhat Tuy nhien, qua trlnh khoan, hoan thien gieng, khai thac va sda chOa thudng gay cac tdn hai tao d mUc dp khae nhau, lam suy giam san lUpng khai thac cua gieng Chinh vl vay, can ed giai phap edng nghe tdi Uu tac ddng len vung can day'gieng de tang he sd thu hdi dau cua md Cd nhieu phUPng phap xd ly vung can day gieng la: Phuong phap hda hpc (xd ly bang dung djeh axit, nhu axit, bpt axit ); phUPng phap nhiet (tach parafin, nhUa hac in ; phUPng phap vat ly hpc (lam sach cac chat ran ban, lang dpng va nUdc tdn tai d vung can day gieng; bom rda day bang dung djeh cd pha chat hoat tinh be mat) Mac du cac phuong phap neu tren dupe ap dung, xCr ly cae gieng khai thae, bom ep nUde mang lai hieu qua kinh te, nhUng thdi gian tri, keo dai hieu qua sau xCrly khdng Idn.De khae phue nhUng nhupe diem cua eae phuong phap tren, hien ngUdi ta da lUa chpn mdt sd giai phap edng nghe tiep tue tac dung len vung can day gieng nham tang he sd thu hdi dau cua md dat hieu qua kinh te eao Dd la phUPng phap xd ly hda hpe, dac biet xd ly bang eP hpc (vd via thuy lue) Trong npi dung bai bao nay, tae gia dUa ket qua nghien eUu che tao gel dau sd dung dung djeh nUt vd via thuy lUe gdc dau, day la mpt phUPng phap hien dang dupe sd dung tren the gidi de tang he sd thu hdi dau mang lai hieu qua kinh te eao eho cac gieng khoan dau d them lue dia Viet Nam -I- Cd kha nang bao toan tinh chat colecto eua via san pham + Cd dp thai nude nhd qua be mat eda khe nUt dupe tao -I- De dang tach khdi cac khe nUt sau hinh H- GiU cac hat cat d trang thai lo Idng chat long -I- Chat long nut vd va chat mang cat chen dam bao cac yeu cau cdng nghe.nut vd via thuy lUe Trong dac biet quan trpng la dp nhdt va dp thai nude eua chat Idng nut vd He dung dich gel dau - gel hydrocarbon He dung djeh gel dau la dung djeh cd dp nhdt cao dau tien sd dung hoat ddng nut vd via thuy lUc Mot Uu diem ldn eua loai chat long la kha nang tUOng hpp vdi hau het cac loai tao dac biet nhOng tao eua gieng khoan cd dp tha'm cao Chung bao gom nhUng phan ehinh sau: dau gdc, chat tao gel dau va chat lien ket Chat tao gel dau hay goi gel hydrocarbon Thanh phan eua gel hydrocarbon bao gdm dau nenhydrocarbon Idng, mdt mudi nhdm the khdng hoan toan cua alkyl axit octophotphat va mdt luong nhd polyamin nham trung hda Alkyl axit octophophat la cac san pham eua phan Li'ng cua cac rUPu beo vdi photpho pentoxit {P2O5) Ket qua P2O5+1,5 ROH + 1,5 R'OH II CO sd KHOA HOC CUA CONG TAG NGHIEN CU'U Chat long nuTt vd via thuy lUc Chat Idng nut vd via thuy lUe ddng vai trd truyen ap suat tCr be mat xudng via va ed vai trd van ehuyen eae vat chen tU tren be mat nham giQ cho khe nut dupe tri d trang thai md thdi gian dUa gieng trd lai khai thae Chat Idng nut vd via thuy lUe can dap dng cac yeu cau sau: 0 I i • 0,5 R O - P - O H + R ' O - P - O H + 1,0 R'O - P - O H I I I OH OH OR eua phan Ung trdn rUpu beo vdi P2O5 theo cdng thUe sau: R la gdc alkyl td C4, ROH la butanol C4H5OH, R' la goc alkyl hoac alkylen tU C6-C22 hay hon hpp eua ehung, neu eho du rUpu beo theo ty khdi eua P2O5 ed the dUpc sCr dung nham day nhanh tdc dp phan Ung va de phan dng thUe hien hoan toan Chung tdi sd dung loai rUpu beo eho thi nghiem la octanol - CH3(CH2)70H va dodeeanol - Dp dn djnh Idn d dieu kien ap suat chenh lech va khuay trdn Idn -I- Khdng cd tae dung hda hpe vdi dat da eua via de tao chat hda tan vao chat Idng 46 DAU KHi - SO 3/2011 C12H26OH Bat cuf mdt loai rUpu nao dupe sd dung cung cho thay rang hdn hpp alkyl axit octophosphat deu chUa nhdm ehde axit phan dng vdi nguyen td photpho, ed edng PETROVIETNAM thUe dae trUng Hjfelkyl octophotphat]2 Cau tao cd tinh axit vay can duong lupng kiem tuong duong de trung hda hoan toan lupng axit edn dU Phan Ung tao mudi nhdm dupe thuc hien bang each trdn hpp chat kiem nhdm va alkyl axit octophosphat dun ndng nhe nhang hdn hpp de phan Ung xay hoan toan d khoang nhiet dp 38- 121°C Qua trinh cdthe thUe hien khdng can ed dung mdi pha loang Cac dung mdi nhu kerosen, diesel, hydrocarbon vdng thom hoac naphta cung cd the sd dung nham dieu hda tdc dp phan dng III KET QUA NGHIEN CU'U So thiet bj dieu che Mudi nhdm dUpe dieu che thiet bj thi nghiem nhu Hinh Mudi nhdm the mdt phan tao cdn du axit the khdng hoan toan theo sd ty luong cd the bieu thi bang edng thUe sau: H(3_3x)Alx [Alkyl octophosphatjj Vdi X nam d khoang 0,2- 0,7 dupe xae djnh sd lUpng hop chat kiem nhdm sir dung qua trinh che tao Ve ty le cua P va Al mudi dao dpng tU 10/1 den 2,86/1, hpp chat phUe chUa the tao gel hay lam dac hda tan hoac phan tan vao dau hydrocarbon Oe tao gel ta can phai trung hda lUpng axit dU Hinh Sa thiet bi che tao chat tao gel ddu mudi nhdm cua dieste photphoric I - Bd dieu tdc - Gid dd - Binh phdn dng - Bg gia nhiet 2-Nhiet ke 4-Mdy khuay 6-Be on nhiet - Pheu cap rugu Polyamin dupc sddung de trung hda lupngaxitduva gel hydrocarbon cd the dupc tao tCf bat eU chat amin hUu CO nao chUa hoac nhieu nhdm amin Cae polyamin maeh thang ed hieu qua cho mue dich tao gel bao gdm etylen diamin va dietylen triamin, trietylen tetramin, tetraetylen pentamin Propylen diamin va cac chat tuong tu nhu polyamin vdng thom la phenylen diamin, metylen dianilin cung dupe sCf dung 2.1 Quy trinh che tao mudi nhdm mpt phdn dupe tien hanh theo phuong phap: Viec trung hda tao gel trUde het dugc thUe hien bang each hda tan va phan tan mudi the nhdm khdng hoan toan vao dau hydrocarbon sau dd them vao mdt lUpng amin nha't djnh khuay d tdc dp Idn Qua trinh lam dac eua hon hpp se xay qua trinh trung hda, nhien sU tao gel chi xay dgan diem trung hda hoan toan cua polyamin Cac polyamin thang kiem manh nhu dietylen triamin dUpc sCr dung ma khdng dupe eho dU amin bdi neu vUpt qua lupng kiem manh se lam pha huy cau true gel Cac polyamin thom kiem yeu cd the dupc bd sung bdi vi chung khdng cd kha nang pha huy gel tao Cd the sCr dung phdi hpp polyamin beo va polyamin thom nham tao gel vdi amin kiem manh va bd sung polyamin kiem yeu de tao lupng du phiJ hpp Quy trinh thi nghiem che tao chat tao gel va sdr dung 2.1.1 Phuang phdp 1: Alkyl octophotphoric dupc che tao nhu sau: - Cho 112g P2O5 eho vao binh phan Ung; - Cho 74,7g rUpu n-Butanol vao de phan Ung hoan toan; - Cho 299,3g (1,7mol) rUpu n-Dodeeanol khuay Hdn hpp phan Ung dupe gia nhiettdtdden xua't hien ddng hdi lUu va dupe khuay eho den lUpng P2O5 phan Ung het Dem hdn hpp alkyl axit octophophoric vda che tao phan dng vdi 25,8g hydroxit nhdm (chiem 42% theo sd ty lupng) bang each trdn cac phan vdi va gia nhiet den 110°C khoang thdi gian gid Chat tao sau phan Ung la chat Idng nhdt eua mudi nhdm thay the mpt phan - (the khdng hoan toan) Ky hieu mau la AIDo DAU KHI-SO 3/2011 47 THAM DO - KHAI THAC DAU KHI Ghi chu: 2.1.2 Phuang phdp 2: - Can 53,8g P2O5 eho vao binh phan dng; - TEPA = Tetraethylene pentamine - Lay 29,3g n- Butanol chuyen vao binh phan Ung -TETA = triethylene tetramine khuay deu den phan Ung het - MDA = Methylene diamine - Cho 102g rupu n-Octanol vao binh phan Ung va - PDA = m- phenylene diamine khuay deu gid den P2O5 phan Ung het Ndng dp cua cae polyamine tren day dupe xae djnh - Lay lOOg eua chat tao sau phan ufng sau cho phan Ung vdi 9,76g AI(0H)3, khuay deu va tang nhiet dp len 1100c gid cho bay het hoi nude thi nghiem thude vao tinh kiem cua ehung 2.3 Thi nghiem khd ndng tao gel cua muoi nhdm vdi cdc hdp ehdt amin khde - Chat tao gel tan dau la mudi nhdm dupc the mdt phan eua cae rUpu n-Butanol, n-Octanol vdi axit octophotphoric dupc ky hieu AlOc - Mudi nhdm eua mau AIDo hda tan dau hydrocarbon vdi ham lUpng 2g 250ml dau nhien lieu diesel kha'y vdi tdc dp eao tren may khuay Hanilton Beach Sau dd cho 0,2 g, 0,4,0,6,0,8TEA-Trietylamin dung djeh khdng cho thay cd bieu hien bj dae (ed dp nhdt) Dieu chUng td rang monoamin khdng cd tac dung lam dac (tao nhdt) nhU eae polyamin dUpe dem thi nghiem tren day Mudi nhdm the mdt phan thu dUPe (chat tao gel nhdm) deu la chat Idng nhdt dupe lam ngudi rdi cho phan tan vao dau diesel (hay cae san pham dau va dau tdng hpp ) vdi ndng dp 2% 2.2 Quy trinh che tao gel ddu hydrocarbon - Thi nghiem tao gel cua hon hPp 2g chat tao gel AlOc the nhdm khdng hoan toan 250ml diesel nhien lieu dUpe eho vao 3,1 g hon hpp metylen dianilin va m-phenyl diamin khuay manh Thi nghiem cho du amin thom eho thay tinh chat tao gel khdng bj pha huy Gel dau hydrocarbon &ugc dieu che tren thiet bj thi nghiem d Hinh theo cac phuong phap va dupe sd dung de tao gel cho cae loai dau hydrocarbon dupe dua theo quy trinh nhU sau: -I- Dong 250ml dau hda vao cdc khuay cua may khuay Hamilton Beach -Thi nghiem hon hpp eua 200ml dau diesel ed 2ml chat tao gel mudi nhdm the khdng hoan toan AlOc cho tao gel vdi dung djeh NaOH 30% Cho them vao hon hpp 3,5g hdn hpp metylen dianilin va m-phenyl diamin Dac tinh gel eua dung dich dupe trung hda vdi dung djeh NaOH khdng bj mat cho dU amin thom -1- Can 5g mudi nhdm thu dugc d tren cho vao rdi dat tren may khuay va khuay d tdc dp cao tren may khuay Hamilton Beach den mudi nhdm tan het + Cho polyamin vao va dieu chinh ndng dp den tao gel tdt nha't Ket qua thu dupe d bang sau: Bang thf nghiem tao gel ddu hydrocarbon Mau No Thanh phan Loai amin 250m! dau+ g AIDo 250ml dau + g AIDo So lUOng (ml) Ket qua tao gel TEPA 0,3 Gel TETA 0,25 Gel 250ml dau+ 2g AIDo MDA PDA 0,75 Gel 250mldau + 2gAIOc TETA 0,4 Gel 250ml dau + g AlOc MDA PDA 0,83 Gel 250mldau + 2gAIOc TEPA 0,6 Gel DAU KHf - SO 3/2011 -Thi nghiem hon hpp eua 200ml dau diesel cd 2ml chat tao gel mudi nhdm the khdng hoan toan AlOc eho tao gel vdi dung djeh NaOH 30% Cho duthem gipt dung djeh NaOH 30% gel bj pha huy hoan toan - Chuan bj 98,8ml dau diesel ho hpp vdi 1,2ml mau chat tao Gel AlOc Khuay d tdc dp cao tren may khuay Hanilton Beach Cho 0,75g hon hpp cua metylen dianilin va m-phenyl diamin Hon hpp dung djeh nhdt duoe eho PETROVIETNAM vao binh tam giae va gia nhiet den gan lOOoC thdi gian 168 gid Sau lam ngudi dung djeh phue hdi hoan toan dac tinh gel ban dau Oe kiem tra chung tdi tao gel dung djeh dau vdi dung djeh NaOH 30% sau dd gia nhiet d gan lOQOC thdi gian 168 gid Sau lam ngudi dung djeh mat hau het dac tinh gel - Thi nghiem hdn hpp eua 200ml dau diesel cd 2ml chat tao gel mudi nhdm the khdng hoan toan AlOc cho tao gel vdi dung djeh NaOH 30% Cho them vao hon hpp 3,5g hon hpp metylen dianilin va mphenyl diamin Dae tinh gel cua dung djeh dupe trung hda vdi dung djeh NaOH khdng bj mat eho dU amin thom Dung djeh dUOc thi nghiem trdn lan vdi 34,1 g nhUa epoxy dupe hda tan 50ml dung mdi etyl axetat Dung djeh tao gel cd nhdt du de tao huyen phu vdi cat chen LUpng dUamin thom du de xd ly nhUa epoxy gia nhiet Dung djeh gel chUa lOg nhUa epoxy ddgc trdn vdi 21 g cat va gia nhiet d 60°C gid se tao mdt nut ran rong eua cat va nhUa epoxy Cac gieng khoan can ed xd ly khae de dUa cac hat cat thd va sdi vao cau true cua dat da dudi Idng dat va ket dinh cac hat 6ugc bpc bdi nhUa vao khdng gian rong ed tac dung chi cho cac lUu the di qua va glQ lai cac hat cat khdng lien ket d lai Mdt phuong phap sd dung mdt dung djeh nut vd chda cat dupe bao bpc nhUa epoxy mdt dau gdc, vdi each ddng ran phiJ hop va dung mdi nhUa Dung djeh cd dp nhdt td trung binh den Idn dam bao cho bom hoat ddng Mat mat ma sat thuy lUe la kha Idn yeu cau ap suat bPm ep rat cao len gieng khoan Thanh phan tao gel eua dung djeh nurt vd la quan trpng de thUe sU tao huyen phu dung nap mdt lupng cat ldn ma van bieu hien kha nang giam mat mat ma sat Viee eho phep cai thien dang ke qua trinh dUa cat va sdi vao tao dUdi gieng khoan lam lien ket tao bd rdi Nhu vay thi nghiem tren day cho thay dung djeh ndt vd via thuy lUc cd the dupc che tao vdi lUpng amin dU va cho phep cd mat cua nhua epoxy ehUa dupe ddng ran ma khdng lam mat tinh chat cua gel tao Hon hpp dung djeh gel cd the dupe ddng ran vdi viec gia nhiet vUa phai de tao nut cat ket khdi cd dp rong can thiet TU day ed thiet lap mdt cdng nghe eua qua trinh nut vd via thuy lUe tren co sd gel hydrocarbon: Chung ta cd the sd dung cac polyamin kiem manh nhuTEPA - tetrastylen pentamin vdi lUPng du de trung hda tao gel eho dung djeh Sau cho them lUpng vUa du amin thom nhu m-phenyl diamin nham ddng ran nhUa epoxy ma khdng cd sU pha vd gel Cung ed the SLTdung dung djeh Natri hydroxit de trung hda tao gel va eho them luong vUa du amin thom nhUtren day de ddng ran nhUa epoxy ma khdng cd sU pha vd gel KET LUAN Ket qua nghien cUu da che tao dupe chat tao gel cho dung djeh gdc dau nut vd thuy lUc nhdm alkyl octophotphat theo phUPng phap thi nghiem nham thu dupe cac mau chat tao gel dau hydrocarbon AIDo va AlOc Mau AIDo la chat tao gel nhdm dodecyl axit photphat va mau AlOc la nhdm octyl axit photphat Cae mudi dupc the nhdm khdng hoan toan (mdt phan) Nghien cdu da due rut dMc phan cua dung djeh nUt vd thuy lUc nhu sau: Thanh phan eua dung djeh nut via thuy lUe gdc hydrocarbon dupe tao gel gdm phan dau hdroearbon, chat tao gel mudi mdt phan nhdm cua alkyl axit photphat Mudi nhdm dupe che tao ed ty le P/Al (ty le photpho/nhdm) nam khoang tU 2,86/1 den khoang 10/1 la hdn hpp cua monoalkyl diaxit photphoric va dialkyl monoaxit photphoric Alkyl nghien edu thi nghiem la Butyl va Octyl, Dodecyl cd sd carbon tUOng Ung C4, C8 va CI Viee tao gel cua dung djeh nut vd tren bdi polyamin dUOc lUa ehpn tU nhdm etylen diamin, dietylen triamin, trietylen tetramin, tetraetylen pentamin, eae amin thom da chUe va hdn hpp eua chung Qua trinh che tao chat tao gel: -Che tao dieste: -I- Phan Ung este eua n-butanol vdi pentoxit photphoric P205-I- Phan Ung cua rupu Dodeeanol va Octanol vdi butyl photphat dupe tao d tren DAU KHi - SO 3/2011 49 THAM DO - KHAI T H A C D A U KHI - Phan ufng tao mudi nhdm thay the mdt phan nhdm vao dieste photphat gia nhiet den 11QOC va cho bay hoi nude Thanh phan cua dung djeh tao gel hydrocarbon tren dupe them vao nhUa epoxy va lUpng diamin thPm de ddng ran nhUa epoxy Qua trinh ddng ran nhUa epoxy ed tae dung bao bpc cac hat cat va tao nut eat cd dp rong vdi vai trd lien ket vdi tao khdng gian cac khe nut vda hinh Chat tao gel hydrocarbon-nhdm dialkyl axit photphat va tao gel dau diesel nhien lieu bdi mau AIDo cd cdng thUe tuong ddi Hi,8Alo,4(CH3(CH2)i,) (C4H8) (PO4) TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tuyen tap cdc cdng trlnh khoa hgc Dql hgc mo Dia ehdt, tap 25, thdng 10 ndm 1997 2.TranVan Long va r\nk, 2005 Ddnh gid kha nang khai thdc mo Dl4, DBSH Tuyen tap bao cao Hdi nghj Khoa hoc cdng nghe Nha xuat ban KHKT Ha Ndi Ta Quang Minh va nnk, 2004 Bdo cdo de tai nganh Ddu khf "Nghien cdu de xuat sddung dung dich khoan goc ddu tong hgp eho tdng mong nut ne Bach Ho va cdc gieng khoan thupc bon trung song Hong" Ha Ndi Kieu Dinh Kiem, 2005 Cdc san pham ddu mo vahoa Thi nghiem che tao chat tao gel nhdm bytyl dodecyl photphatddu Nha xuat ban KHKT, Ha Npi Kenneth J.Lissat, 1974 Emulsion and emulsion technology Part I and Part II New York Jean-Louis Salager, 2002 Surfactants types and uses MeridaVenezuena I.A Orlop, M.S Kendis, VN Glusenko, 1991 Uses Ivert Emulsion in Oil Exploitation Moseo 50 D4uKHi-sO 3/2011 ... thuy lUe Trong dac biet quan trpng la dp nhdt va dp thai nude eua chat Idng nut vd He dung dich gel dau - gel hydrocarbon He dung djeh gel dau la dung djeh cd dp nhdt cao dau tien sd dung hoat... gel mudi nhdm the khdng hoan toan AlOc cho tao gel vdi dung djeh NaOH 30% Cho them vao hon hpp 3,5g hdn hpp metylen dianilin va m-phenyl diamin Dac tinh gel eua dung dich dupe trung hda vdi dung. .. thay tinh chat tao gel khdng bj pha huy Gel dau hydrocarbon &ugc dieu che tren thiet bj thi nghiem d Hinh theo cac phuong phap va dupe sd dung de tao gel cho cae loai dau hydrocarbon dupe dua