Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o / i ^ S CAI THIEN TOC DO THI CONG CAC DU''''dNG LO nhufng van de can khae phue va hoan thien For increasing the drift driving speed and labor productivity, in this paper,[.]
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o / i ^ S CAI THIEN TOC DO THI CONG CAC DU'dNG LO nhufng v a n de c a n k h a e phue va hoan thien For increasing the drift driving speed and labor productivity, in this paper, the authors introduce some proper solutions including labor organization and the utilization of the mechanized equipment in the links of blasting operation, transportation and roadway support as well Datvan de Nang cao san iLpgng khai thac than gan liln vdi cdng tae md via va thi cdng dao ehing Id xay dyng md Trong nhilu nam qua, d l dap Crng nhu c l u phat triin n i n kinh t l q u i c dan va xult khiu, san iLPgng khai thae than khdng ngCpng dLpgc nang cao TCP lap Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam d i n nay, CCP sau nam, san lu'gng khai thae than lai tang len g i p ddi Mac du da cd nhilu thay d l i v l thilt bj d l khai thac than Id thien d mCpc sau han, nhu'ng trQ- lu-gng than cd kha nang khai thae bang cdng nghe 16 thien cang can kiet Mpt s l md 16 thien se ngCpng khai thae mpt vai nam tdi Nhilu md h i m Id va du'dng Id mdi da du'gc triin khai va mg rpng Cae mu'c khai thae cang sau, du'dng Id cang dai va khd khan cang cap hon Viec xay dyng md mdi t i n nhieu thdi gian, nhlt la d l i vdi edng tac md via bing cong nghe gilng dCpng va gilng nghieng Cap gilng dCrng tai md than Ha L l m da du'gc triin khai tu' nam 2009 va thdi gian d i u t i e dd thi cdng gilng dugc eoi la ky lyc M i l thang nha t h i u thi TS PHAM MINH DU'C TS LE VAN CONG Vlen Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Md - Vinacomin cong dao sau du'gc g i n 100m, vdi gilng chinh sau nhlt cQng chf la 425m nhLPng eho d i n v i n dang giai dean l i p rap d i n Mpt s l md tu san ga d i n cae guong Id dao da xa d i n 6km Van tai d i t da, than, vat lieu ching Id v.v qua gilng la van tai dCrt doan len, xulng, dCrng d l dLPa vat li^u vao thung cui hoac thung skip Cac md dang thi cdng chu y l u la dao cac cap gilng nghieng vdi chilu dai gilng cang Idn Nhieu gilng chieu dai theo thilt k l len tdi g i n 2000 m vdi gde d i e tCr 16° ^ 25°, chu'a dugc trang bj tdi h i trg ngudi qua trinh len xulng gilng, nhilu md cdng nhan v i n phai leo bp qua gilng nghieng chu'a du-gc trang bj xe van ehuyin ngu-di v.v Mac du da du-gc d i u tu- nhung may mdc thi edng v i n chLi-a ding bp, dae biet thilu phu tung thay t h i , nhilu may mde thilt bj cd tinh nang ky thuat khdng thua kem eae hang ed uy tin nhu-ng t u l i thp ngan, hay hdng hoc v.v gilng dCrng) Nhu" vay, ddi hdi viee t l chCpc san xult cho dat t i l n dp k l hoach D l dam bao k l hoach (d day ehi d l cap d i n ke hoach xay dyng md) thi bien phap t l chCre dao Id nhanh, mpt each khoa hpc la nhiem vy d i u tien Phuong phap dao Id nhanh gan t l chCpc lao ddng khoa hpe vdi viec trang bj thilt bj may mdc thi cong du va d i n g bp Song n l u khong co dpi ngu cdng nhan dugc trang bj kiln thCre ky thuat d l van hanh t i t trang thilt bj may mdc thi cdng thi t i c dp kh'jng t h i tang, n l u kh6ng ndi la giam Sau cung la v i n d l hau e i n d l cung c l p kjp thdi vat tu, vat lieu, eae ehi tilt thay t h i cho may mde va thilt bj Mpt trpng nhu-ng giai phap dLPa md hoae ting khai thae vao hoat dpng sdm la phai xay dyng co sd ting, he thing dLPong Id, duong van ehuyen (gilng nghieng hoae Trong t l chCre lao dpng khoa hpe v l dap Id nhanh, cae tae gia [1] [2] dua mpt s l eae thdng s l de danh gia trinh dp t l ehCpc, mu-c dp bao dam thi cdng cua may mdc thilt bj KHCNM s o 6/2011* CNKT HAM LO Dk t l chCpc thi edng dao Id nhanh ddi hdi phai ed hien trudng dam bao thuan Igi Dudng Id eho thi edng phai du chilu dai nhlt dinh va t i t nhlt phai dat tu- 400m - 500m va thoa man cac thong s l ky thuat nhu dien tich tilt dien, dieu kien dja ky thuat md Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo va ting hgp eae y l u t l eon ngudi- thilt bj - trinh dp t l chu-e - trinh dp thi cdng thdng qua eae chi s l nhu: Chi s l v l dam bao thdi gian lao dong cua cdng nhan (ttg = ^^^—); chl s l dam bao ky thuat thilt bj (t,b=^ -); chf s6 ve huy dpng thye hien edng viec ding thdi d l rut ngin thdi gian tren dudng gang (so d l Gant)[3] cua bilu PERT va culi cung la chf s l t i n g hgp bao g i m toan bp cac chi tilt cdng viec eua ngudi, thilt bj va trinh dp t l chu-c cua dpi thg Ngudi thg 16 g i n b6 vdi md khong chf c6ng an, viee lam, thu nhap ma e6n rang bupe bdi m6i trudng heat dpng eua md, do, phai k l d i n dilu kien lam viee, di lai, an d, giai tri sau gid lam viee Phuang phap dao Id nhanh khdng ehf don thuin la cdng tae guong Dk dat dugc t i c dp dap trpng gugng 16, ngudi thg ein e6 duge ting hgp nhu-ng tae ddng tieh eye cac y l u t l khdng dinh dang d i n cong viee lao dpng hang Quan sat dpi thg dao gilng dCrng tai md than Ha Llm thiy rang, dpi thg eua nha t h i u c6 t h i e6n dat 6ugc t i e dp thi edng gilng dCrng cao hon n l u hp m u l n , hp dugc to chCpc bai ban khoa hpc khdng chf g day guong gilng ma ca tren mat bing Dpi thg an nghf khdng qua xa khai trudng Nhu-ng hao phi SCPC lye eho di chuyin h l u nhu bang khdng, hp khong phai di bp, Iep len, leo nhCT-ng dudng Id xulng nghieng dai hang ngan met, hay di tdi noi lam viec bang phuong tien thd so each xa hang vai chyc km Dpi thg sau di ea, nhlt la ea 3, dugc ngu ngon duge trang bj may lanh vao mua he va sudi I m vao mua ddng (tit nhien chi phi da tinh don gia) BQ-a an eua dpi thg cd nhilu mdn d l chpn va phai tra tiln nen khdng gay lang phi va dap u-ng dugc yeu c l u cua ngudi an Thilt bj may mdc dugc bao dudng thudng xuyen va luon tinh trang san sang lam viee, nen nhat ky cua tu v i n giam sat khong thiy e6 gid ngu-ng nghf kh6ng lam viec thilt bi Ngoai gid lao dpng ngudi thg dugc giai tri tai cac cau lae bp nhd gpn, di ddng g i n noi nghf ngoi, cd d l y du phuong tien giai tri va truyin thdng T l chCpc lao dpng khoa hpc la viec lam d i u tu t h i p nhung hieu qua cac Song t l chu-c lao dpng da I n djnh, SCPC lao dpng cua ngudi da duge huy ddng d i n mpt mCpc dp nhlt djnh, d l nang cao nang suit va t i e dp dao Id, c i n phai nang cao nang lyc va mCpc dp hien dai cua thilt bj, may mdc, tinh d i n g bp eua thilt bj, trinh dp cua ngygi thg va ngydi quan ly dilu hanh Nhu'ng y l u t l anh hu'O'ng td'i t i c thi cong 16 da NhQ-ng y l u t l anh hudng eg ban d i n viec lya chpn KHCNM s o 2011* CNKT HAM LO phygng phap dao Id da nhanh la: dieu kien t y nhien, dilu kien ky thuat va dilu kien t l chCpc lao ddng D i l u kien ty nhien bao g i m : - Dieu kien dia chit md, dia chit thuy van eua md hoae khu vyc thi edng dudng Id; - Tinh chit va da md bao quanh dudng Id thi cdng b i n g phuang phap nhanh, dudng Id thi cdng theo hudng xuyen vfa hay dpc vfa, dec vfa theo hudng d i e hay ngugc hudng d i e vfa D i l u kien cdng nghe va t l chCpc lao dpng bao g i m : - T i l t dien dudng Id; - Gde d i e cua dudng Id anh hudng d i n kha nang thdng qua thilt bj vat tu, vat lieu va cac san phim; - Loai vi ching su- dung; - Kha nang ap dung cac lcai thilt bj, may mdc d l thi edng; - Kha nang dau tu b l tri nang lugng cQng nhu vat tu, thilt bj ky thuat; - Qui djnh v l an toan, bao hp lao dpng phu hgp vdi qui chuin chung cua Nha nudc; - Cd dpi thg dam bao trinh dp t i l p thu va thye hien phuang phap t l chu-c lao dpng mdi; - Trang bj day du cac thilt bj, dung cu phuc vu thi cdng T l chCpc thyc hi$n ehu ky: Thdi gian thuc hi$n chu ky la t i n g thdi gian hoan cac c6ng doan dugc tinh tukhi bat d i u khoan, n l , thdng gio, xue b l e van ehuyin d i n l i p dyng vi ching, theo cdng thCpc(l): T h o n g t i n k h o a hpc c o n g n g h e m o Tc = T + T2 + T3 + T + Ts (phut) (1) Trong dd : Tl - Thdi gian c i n thilt cho khoan n l , thdng gid, ph; T2 - Thdi gian e i n thilt che ehing tam, ph; T3 - Thdi gian c i n thilt eho xue ble, van tai, ph; Ti = tw + tn + to, ph;(2) Trong dd : tw - Thdi gian khoan t i t ca Id guong, ph; tl - Thdi gian tnjng binh d l diu nii mang vdi may n l min, ph D l thi eong dao 16 nhanh, hay t l ehCpc lao dpng khoa hpc, cdng thu'C tren giup ehung ta lya chpn giai phap thi eong lam t h i nao t l i uu hoa cae thong s l v l thdi gian chu ky, v l s l lugng may khoan, c6ng nhan phai duge hpc va e l p chu-ng chf d l nap d i n g thdi /, = tn - Thdi gian nap t i t ca cae 16 guong, ph; T4 - Thai gian e i n thilt eho ehing c l djnh, ph; T5 - Thdi gian e i n thilt cho cae cdng viee phy trg, ph Khi xac djnh dugc cac chf tieu CO ban theo thdi gian eua tCpng eong dean, nhiem vy cua nha t l chCpc c i n dilu hanh, s l p x l p cdng viec cho nhQ'ng e6ng viec song song cung duge thyc hien d l thdi gian hoan chu ky thye t l Iu6n nhd hon thdi gian cua t i n g cac cdng viec chu ky: Ttt < Tc D l xac djnh dung ban chit cua tCrng cong dean day ehuyin cdng nghe, c i n xac djnh cu t h i cae nguyen cong nhu: a, Thdi gian c i n thilt cho edng tac khoan n l t - Thdi gian c i n thilt d l d i u n i i cae day mang n l guong, ph t,^{N^,+\).t,+t,+t, Trong dd: Not - s l lugng 16 guong, lot - Chilu sau 16 min, m kw - s l lugng may khoan (cin khoan eung lam viee) tl - T i c dp khoan l l tinh trung binh cho t i t ca ea l l min, ph; t2 - Thdi gian nap bua trung binh eho mpt l l n - s l lugng cdng nhan dong thdi cung nap bua, ph; ts -Thdi gian tmng binh eho diu day tCr hai 16 liln k l , ph; , ^ I Ve thdi glan trao doi goong, keo godng cd tii khdi guang va day godng khdng til vao guong: O 6ay ed nhilu viec c i n giai quylt d l rut ngan thdi gian trao d l i godng nhu trao d l i bing c l u chuyin tai, mpt hinh thu-c trao d l i hien dai, nhanh, thuan Igi va thdi gian trao d l i nhd nhlt dang dugc ap dyng p h i biln nganh md cua cac nudc Thai gian chong tam va chong co dinh: SLP dyng neo chit dee elt thep, chit dec ddng r i n nhanh nen thi edng ching tam thuan lgi va nhanh hon nhilu so vdi ehing tam bing dan ching kip - ong truyen no - m o c chu" J Kfp vi sal phi ai^n Day truydn tm hieu ,J»^ ".:i^ jjjijglf ih f,' Moc chic J ^J \.1T" Hinh May khoan - xuc cua hang Deilmann-Haniel dang cd mat tai cac md KHCNM s o 6/2011* CNKT HAM LO ^'"^ Kip no phi difn dang duofc sw dung tai "^9t so md ham Id ^ ^ T h o n g t i n k h o a hpc c o n g nghe m o Lya chpn eae giai phap thi edng nhanh 16 da la r i t c i n thilt Thi du: nao thi c i n su- dyng phuang phap n l tao bien hay n l phan dean Vdi dilu kien nao thi khoan sau, ban nang v.v Vi SLP dyng phuong phap n l tao bien, d l mat bien Id phang, nhin khong l l i Idm, ehf nen ap dyng SLP dung ehing neo cae loai k i t hgp vdi vd ehing be tdng phun Song n l u ching bing vi ching thi viee khoan n l tao bien, mac du ed nhilu uu dilm nhung n l tao bien vdi s l lugng 16 ldn, su- dyng nhilu thulc n l lam tang thdi gian chu ky va keo dai thdi gian dao Id Khdng phai bit ky dilu kien dp b i n eua da va dien tich tilt dien dudng Id nao cung su- dyng bien phap khoan sau, ban nang Vi khoan sau d l i vdi dien tich tilt dien dudng Id nhd, dudng can eua cac chan 16 Idn, he s l su- dyng l l thip, chit lugng n l kh6ng tit, da qua cd eao Dk thdi gian khoan n l ngin, tai cac md than Trung Quic, thay bang cac may khoan dan cdng suit eao, ngudi ta trang bj bao hd lao dpng d l SLP dyng d i n g thdi nhilu may khoan nen e l m tay M i l may khoan chf khoan pham vi 1m^ -^ 2m^ va ludn khoan d nhu-ng vj tri nhlt djnh s l lugng may khoan ding thdi khoan tren guong duge xac djnh theo (3) N I k,„ = i l ^ (3) K-^ Trong dilu kien thyc t l tai cae guong Id Viet Nam, viee SLP dyng ding thdi nhilu may khoan elm tay la khd kha thi SCPC khoe thg Id khong dam bao va thilu trang bi phdng hd phu hgp Vi vay, giai phap ehpn dan khoan thuy lyc, dien hay nen nhu cac loai Tamroe, Boomer, L513 hay BTRL Drill Jumbo cua hang Deiman Haniel la hgp ly Thdi gian nap bua, gia cdng bua chilm thdi lugng cao t i n g thdi gian chu ky Day la edng viec h i t SCPC thu edng nhung anh hudng Idn d i n k i t qua n l Do chit lugng thulc n l ehua dugc cai thien, t i c dp n l khdng cao (2-^ 4km/giay), trudng md Do kha nang kich n l d i n g d i u d i n cac l l min, d i u n i i don gian nen han c h l t l i da 16 khdng dugc kich n l (min cam), guong sau n l khdng bj Idi Dp ldn cua da sau n l phy thupc vao khoang each giCpa cae 16 Khi cae 16 mang n l dugc kich n l hoan toan, tCpc la cac eye da d i u dugc pha vd thep kich thude thilt k l , nen khdng xay hoac xay kh6ng dang k l hien tugng da qua ed Khi khdng c6n nhilu da qua cd thi viec xuc ble da bang may xuc lat hong hay may xuc cao vo d i u thuan Igi Kich thude d i t da phu hgp se dam bao viee van chuyin lien tuc bang bang tai 14mm) nen c6ng tac nap bua la r i t c i n thilt Cae nudc thudng su- dyng thulc n l cd kha nang sinh cdng cac (380cm^) t i e dp n l Idn (5,4 ^ 5,8km/giay) (SCP dyng p h i biln tai eae edng trinh h i m thuy dien, giao thong Tap doan sdng Da thye hien) Su' dung eae loai thulc no c6 manh lyc n l Idn, cae 16 khong phai nap bua han c h l dugc thdi gian nap bua Giai ph6ng guong nhanh g6p phin rut n g i n thdi gian chu ky Trao d l i go6ng guong la mpt cong dean h i t SCPC thu cong, c h i l m n h i l u thdi gian va anh hudng d i n SCPC khoe thg Id Mae du d u g c phun sugng d l dap byi, nhung da dugc dua len mang cao d l x u l n g xe godng thi phia sau may xuc hay may k h i u phia sau d i u r i t bui, mde cap hpac n g i i trpng tau acqui d i u bj bui bao kin D l han c h l thdi gian d i u n i i mang n l , nang eao he s l SU' dyng 16 khoan, c i n hoan thien qui trinh SLP dung kip n l vi sai phi dien m6i Cae may mdc, t h i l t bj xuc b i c cd nang s u i t cao, n l u trao d l i thu cdng se anh hudng d i n thdi gian may lam viec SCPC nen try KHCNM s o 6/2011* CNKT HAM LO chl t h i p (10 H- Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo Dong Cff di chuyen cku chuyen tai j g ,.,^p |^^|^ ^uc bIc, van chuyen va gu-o-ng : j K^^i,i.^»^ Hinh He thong cau chuyen tai gwang May khiu hoac may xuc dd; Ciu tiip nhan vat lieu, mot diu treo tren monorail, mot diu treo sau ming cao cua may khiu hoac dat c6 djnh tren nin Id; Ciu chuyin tai, chit tai len xe goong hoac len biing tai Khi su dung xe goong ciu chuyin tii, chon loai c6 chiiu dai 50m di bS tri du s6 xe cho mot chu ky bSc da; Vi tri dat xe goong hoac bang tai; Ciu treo (monorail) Van tai lien tue (bang tai) sau may lien hgp cd v i n d i u tu eao, nen khdng m i y h i p d i n d l i vdi thye t l nudc ta Vi vay, ein phai lya chpn va dua vao SCP dyng cac he thing van tai guong, la cac he thing c l u chuyin tai chay tren cac ray treo (monorail) [4][5] Do cac thilt bj van ehuyen duge treo tren khong, mat n i n dudng Id khdng vudng nen viec b l tri cac kho tap k i t thilt bj, vat t u nhu chodng khoan, t i m chen, dae biet la vi ching thep, thuan Igi Sau n l min, da 6ugc chit len c l u bang tai cdng suit Idn, chilu dai ngin (10m), sau dd dugc chit len elu bang tai vdi chieu dai 50m, du dk chCra toan bp dpan xe godng eho mpt chu ky (hinh 3) Do thdi gian di chuyen eae ray treo ngin, trpng lugng c l u treo chuyin tai be, l i p rap thuan Igi nen di ehuyin nhanh chdng ble xuc tai mat guong va lui tranh n l da bj mem vd gay sinh lay De n i n Id ludn kh6 rao, kh6ng ngap nudc, day chuyin thilt bj phuc vu thi edng c i n trang bj d l y du cac thilt bj nhu may bom ehim d l thoat nude cue bp, nhlt la nude dpng guong Id hay thilt bj xilt buldng bing nen (hinh 4) Hinh Thiet bj phuc vu thi cdng: May bam ehim a); Dung cu xiet buldng (b) Khi thi cdng cac dudng 16 da, nhlt la cae dudng 16 xuyen vfa, thudng phai dao qua cac vfa hoac khu vyc nudc ngim May khiu hoac may xue da di chuyin vao, qua trinh khiu hay xuc da dudng Id ngap nudc KHCNM s o 6/2011* CNKT HAM LO Ching tam bang neo, nhlt la neo chit deo elt thep vdi t i e dp ddng r i n sieu nhanh (10 - 30 giay), cd tae dyng tich cyc d l dua trang thai da va khii da nhanh chdng trd v l trang thai nguyen khii ban d i u , dang dugc cae nudc SCP dung rpng rai va hieu qua Song, d i l u kien nganh md nudc ta, thilt bj thi edng l l neo edn r i t cham nen chilm kha nhilu thdi gian chu ky dao Id, vi vay anh hudng d i n nang suit va thu nhap eua ngudi thg Do dd, d i n viee SCP dung neo khdng p h i biln lam Trpng ccng tac ching glob i n g vi ehing thep, nhlt la Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo Hinh Thiet bj thi cdng vi chdng tam - c l u chuyin tai treng cong dean van ehuyen vi guong ching tu- kho d i n guong Id va dyng vi ching r i t thu cdng va - Monorail tieu t i n rit nhilu sCre lyc eua - Xe godng t i n du d l t i l p thg Id Mat khae, viee ehing nhan khii da n l tam bing each gac cac xa len - D I U tau acqui phye vu cae d i m cdng son, nhlt la d l i guong va van chuyin vdi tiln dp Idn (03 xa), r i t khd da, vat lieu ching khan, khpng nhQ-ng d l i vdi - He thing quat thdng gid viec gac xa ma giu- d l d i m cue bd dao Id khdng bi cong, vong, dam bao an toan D i n nay, cac md da - San edng tac di dpng quen SCP dung eae ludi thep - Chilu dai doan 16 thi thay cho t i m chen be tdng e l t eong, t l i thilu 100m thep due san gdp phin nang - Loai vi ching: Thep hinh, cao t i c dp thi c6ng chen 16 dang vdm linh hoat, hoac neo, va giam lao dpng thu edng t i m chen ludi thep nang nhpe phai nang len - Cac thilt bj phy trg thi cao nhung t i m chen nang 25 cdng g i m : thoat nude, xilt - 30kg/tlm nhu trude g6ng, bua chen v.v Cdng tac ching tam duge eo gidi hoa cao tai mpt s l nudc - Tilt dien dudng Id dao (hinh 5) 10 + 25m^ Vdi to hgp co gidi hoa ching Id se han c h l t l i da nhQ-ng sy e l da roi qua trinh thi edng Dk xult day chuyin thilt bj dao 16 da Thilt bj thi cdng dao ching 16 bing khoan n l : - Xe khoan hai c i n - May xuc lat h6ng chay tren banh xich - c l u tilp nhan da Tdm lai: De nang eao t i c dp dao 16, c i n phai k i t hgp edng tac t l chu-c lao dpng khoa hpc k i t hgp vdi trang bj d i n g b6 thilt bj e6 cong suit va tinh nang dap Cpng dilu ki?n dia chit mc khu vyc thi eong Mat khae, c i n quan tam d i n dieu kien lao dpng, nghf ngoi, sinh heat va ddi sing cua thg 16 T i c dp dao 16 (m/thang) hay nang suit lao dpng cua ngudi thg (m/c6ng ea) quylt djnh d i n KHCNM s o 6/2011* CNKT HAM LO thu nhap eua thg 16 Can co nhQ-ng phugng phap tinh luong luy tiln, tuong Cpng vdi tieu hap SCPC lao d6ng mpt each hgp ly 6k dam bao eho viee phat triin dao 16 xay dyng md I n djnh./ Tai lieu tham khao Phan Vinh Gidi, D^o VSn Canh, Pham Minh DCi-c, Le Hong Thing v^ nnk - Nghien CLPU nSng cao toe 66 dSo 16 xuyen via C^nh Tay - Mong Du-ong - B6 Mo & Than, 1978 Phan Vinh Gidi, O^o Van Canh, Pham Minh DLPC, Phan DLPC Tien - Nghien CLPU SLP dyng combal 4PU de dSo c^c du-dng 16 dpc via than - B6 Md & Than, 1982 Marian Kozdroj Organizcja i podstavi^ automatyzacji zarzadzania w kopalniach wegia kamiennego -Wydawnictwo"Slask "Katowice-1972 Krzystof Kotwica Scenariusz rozwoju technologicznego drazenia wyrobisk korytarzovvych w vi/amnkach polskich kopain wegIa kamiennego Gospodarka Surocami Minenalnymi- Tom 24 Zeszyt 72 2008 Materialy mechanizacji drazenia wyrobisk korytarzowych combainami - Firma Alpina Mine, Remag 2008 ... nghe m o Lya chpn eae giai phap thi edng nhanh 16 da la r i t c i n thilt Thi du: nao thi c i n su- dyng phuang phap n l tao bien hay n l phan dean Vdi dilu kien nao thi khoan sau, ban nang v.v ... chuyin thilt bj phuc vu thi edng c i n trang bj d l y du cac thilt bj nhu may bom ehim d l thoat nude cue bp, nhlt la nude dpng guong Id hay thilt bj xilt buldng bing nen (hinh 4) Hinh Thiet bj... qua thilt bj vat tu, vat lieu va cac san phim; - Loai vi ching su- dung; - Kha nang ap dung cac lcai thilt bj, may mdc d l thi edng; - Kha nang dau tu b l tri nang lugng cQng nhu vat tu, thilt