134 Phan tich, danh gia can tren 500"C ciia diu thd thuong mai mdJ£TjuP£il A ^ PHAN TICH, DANH GIA CAN TREN 500°C CUA DAU THO THUONG MAI MO SU TLT DEN Le Manh Quylt, Nguyin Qudc Khanh Hoang Anh Tuin,[.]
134 Phan tich, danh gia can tren 500"C ciia diu thd thuong mai mdJ£TjuP£il A ^ PHAN TICH, DANH GIA CAN TREN 500°C CUA DAU THO THUONG MAI MO S U TLT DEN Le Manh Quylt, Nguyin Qudc Khanh Hoang Anh Tuin, Nguyin Khanh Toan TT Nghien ciru vd Phdt triin Chi bien Ddu TOM TAT Md Su Tu Den mai dugc dua vdo khai thde tir thdng 10 ndm 2003 tinh chdt ciia nd cirng khdc vdi nhicng mo khdc nhu Bgch Hd Rdng, Dgi Hiing v.v Vifc nghien cim can tren 500"C ddu md Su Tu Den Id rdt cdn thiit cho cdng nghi Igc hda ddu Cdc tinh chdt vd cdc thdng tin ciia can tren 500"C cua ddu ndy ldm phong phii them sd lieu ca sd ciia ddu md Viet Nam, ddng thdi giiip cho cdc nhd cdng nghi lua chgn dugc nguyen lieu thich hgp Trong bdi bdo ciing da ddnh gid tinh chdt cdng nghi dua tren cdc sd lieu phdn tich bdng cdc phirang phdp hien dgi vd cho kit qud chinh xdc KET QUA PHAN TICH CAN TREN 500"C CUA DAU THO THUONG MAI MO SU TlT DEN Can tren 500°C ed phin rit phirc tap, khdng chi la mdt nhdm hydroeaebon dan gian, ma nd gdm ca nhtrng hydroeaebon naphten hydroeaebon thom, cae hydroeaebon lai hgp naphten - aromate vdng, vdng, da vdng, cd cac nhanh phu alkyl dai ngan khae Cac hydroeaebon dugc phan bd hgp phan la dau nang va nhya asphalten Tinh chit ciia nhya - asphalten can tren 500°C rat quan trgng, cho nen can phai tach rieng hgp phin de nghien cim sau hon Cd nhieu phuong phap de taeh rieng hgp phan Chimg tdi da lya chgn phuang phap tach bang dung mdi de tach va xac djnh ham lugng nhya - asphalten cd mat can (sir dyng acetate etyl), ket qua dugc cho Bang Bang 1: Ket qua tach nhua va asphalten Sd Idn Trong luang cdn >500"C(g) Trgng luang nhua asphalten (g) 83,5921 19,3261 63,9418 23,12 76.49 45,0999 10,3660 34,5610 23,00 76,60 23,06 76,55 TB Trgng lugng Ty le % nhua ddu ma (g) asphalten (KL) Ty le % ddu md (KL) Su dung phuang phap quang phd hdng ngoai (IR) de xac djnh phan ciu triic nhdm can Tit phd hdng ngoai (Hinh 1, 2, 3), ap dung cdng thirc thyc nghiem eiia Brandes ta xac dinh duge phin hydroeaebon parafin, hydroeaebon naphten va h\ drocacbon thom (tinh theo phin tram so nguyen tir carbon cd nhdm) (Bang 2) 135 Tuyin tap bao cao Hgi nghj KHCN "30 ngm Dau Viet Nam: Cff hgi mdi, thach thde mdi" Bang 2: Ket qua phan tich phan parafin, naphten, aromate Stt Ten mau CA ( % K L ) Cp (%KL) CN ( % K L ) Can > 500°C 13,78 36,28 49,94 Nhya asphalten 14,73 35,93 49,34 Dau nang 17,82 36,99 45,19 De xac djnh dugc phan phan tram ciia cae hydroeaebon thom mdt vdng, hai vdng va da vdng, chiing tdi da sir dyng phuong phap quang phd tir ngoai (UV-Vis) Tir phd tir ngoai (Hnh 4, 5, 6), ap dyng cdng thirc eiia antolini ta thu duge ket qua nhu Bang Bang 3: Ket qua phan tich phan mot vong, hai vong va da vong thom (VoKL ) Sn Ten mdu Mpt vdng Hai vdng Da vdng Tdng sd Can tren 500°C 2,09 3,71 7,55 13,35 Nhua, asphalten 0,82 1,14 13,01 14,97 Dau nang 7,12 2,38 8,06 17,56 Cac nguyen td kim loai ed mat can dugc xac djnh bang phuong phap quang phd hap thy nguyen tir (Bang 4) Bang 4: Ket qua phan tich cac nguyen to kim loai can Pb Fe (ppm) Mn V (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) K (ppm) Na (ppm) Mg (ppm) Cu (ppm) Ni (ppm) Can> 500^ 5,679 59,957 6,890 0,991 16,892 0,121 53,528 1,619 11,020 Nhua asphalten 5,629 222,960 8,129 2,262 76,131 1,524 135,005 5,924 7,030 Dau md 3,930 19,364 5,402 0,323 2,557 1,812 32,026 0,074 8,193 Stt Ten mdu Ham lugmg S, N duge xac djnh bang phuong phap dien eye va Kendan va eae ehi tieu khae duge cho Bang va Bang 5: Ket qua phan tich N, S bang phirong phap dien cu-c Su Ten mdu Nita (%KL) Luu huynh (%KL) Can > 500^C 0,289 0,082 Nhua asphalten 0,569 0,119 Dau md 0,267 0,081 136 Phan tieh, danh gi^ can tren 500°C eua dau thd thu-ong mai md Sirjdjig Bang 6: Ket qua phan tich cac chi tieu Ichac Chi tieu Sn phdn tich Trgng lugng phan tir Kit qud Dan vi Phucmg phdp Can > 500"C Nhua asphalten Ddu md - Nghiem lanh 1029,8 9141 762,8 Ham lugng carbon %KL ASTMD529I-02 88,4 89,5 86,6 Ham lugng hydro %KL ASTM D5291-02 11,2 9,6 12,0 Ham lugng oxy %KL Tinh toan 0,0133 0,1655 1,0446 Do nhdt d lOO^'C cSt ASTM D445-01 - - 42,47 2000.0 1900.0 IBOCO 1700.0 1600.0 ISOO.O 1400.0 IJOO.O 1200.0 I100U lOOOfl 9000 Hinh 1: Ph6 hong ngoai can tren 500"C ciia dau tho thu-oTig mai mo Su" Tir Den 800.0 700.0 6000 1/cm Hinh 2: Pho hong ngoai nhira asphalten, md Su-TfrDen 0.6 Oi 1 0.4 i1 OJ o: A 1! • • y V ^v, ^^ J ^^'"XA/^^ 2000.0 I9OO.0 1800.0 1700.0 1600.0 1500.0 1400.0 1300.0 1200.0 IIOO.O lOOO.O 900.0 800.0 700.0 600.0 500.0 190.0 200.0 Ircm Hinh 3: Pho hong ngoai dau nang Sir Tir Den Hinh 4: Pho tir ngoai can tren 500"c cua dau tho thiroTig mai mo Sir Tu- Den Tuyin tap b^o c^o Hgi nghi KHCN "30 n2m Dau Viet Nam: Cff hgi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 190.0 200.0 Hinh 5: Pho tu* ngoai nhya asphalten Su" Tir Den 137 190.0 200.0 Hinh 6: Phd tit ngoai dau nang Su" Tu" Den DANH GIA ANH HLTdNG CUA DAC TINH LY HOA VA THANH P H A N C A U TRUC NHOM CUA CAN CHU>JG C A T TREN 500"C CUA D A U THO THU^ONG MAI MO SU^ Tiy DEN DOI VOfI cAC QUA TRINH CONG NGHE LOC D A U Tir nbijmg ket qua thu dugc ciia qua trinh phan tich can tren 500^0 dau thd thuong mai md Su Tir Den, chung tdi da dua nhijmg phan tich, danh gia, hudng sir dyng hieu qua, hgp ly cua can Anh hu'dng ciia tinh chat ly hda va phan cau true nhdm hydroeaebon cua can tren SOO^'C ddi vdi cdng nghe san xuat dau dot Id Tinh chat quan trgng nhat eua dau ddt Id la nhiet lugmg chay, dai lugmg lai phu thudc vao phan hda hgc cua nhien lieu Trong phan hda hgc, ty le nguyen tir caebon va hydro ddng vai trd quan trgng nhat Cac nguyen td khae nhu luru huynh, oxy, nito eiing tham gia vao qua trinh chay va anh hudng den nhiet lugng chay cua nhien lieu Tir Bang I ta thay can tren 500°C eae hydroeaebon phan bd chu yeu d dau md, ham lugmg nhya asphalten chiem mdt phan khdng ldn Day la phan ed nhiet chay ldn dam bao yeu cau lam nhien lieu ddt Id Ham Iugng cac hgp chat chiia Itm huynh cd mat dau ddt Id ldm se lam giam chat lugng cua san pham va gay anh hudng xau den mdi trudng Vdi can tren SOO^C eua dau md Su Tir Den cd ham lugmg luti huynh rat nhd (khoang 0,1 %o) so vdi tieu chuan quy djnh Chinh vi lgi the ma can tren 500''C ciia dau thd md Su Tir Den cd the pha trdn vdi cac can dau hoae cac phan doan khae, de thu duge FO thuong pham cd chat lugng, dam bao ham lugng luu huynh va cd hieu qua kinh te Ham lugng cac nguyen td kim loai nang cd nhieu dau cung gay anh hudng xau den chat lugmg eiia nhien lieu FO dac biet la nguyen td V, chiing de tao vdi Fe cua Id cac hgp kim cd nhiet ndng chay thap lam thiing Id ddt Cdn vdi eae kim loai khae chay tao oxit kim loai lam ddng can eae thiet bj Vdi can dau tren 500°C dau Su Tir Den ham lugng cac nguyen td kim loai nang thap (ham lugng V = 11,02ppm, Ni = 138 Phan tich, danh gia can tren 500"C ciia d§u tho thuong mai nio Su Td Pen Tu Den ham lugng cac nguyen td kim loai nang thap (ham lugng V = l,02ppm, Ni = 16,892ppm) se la mdt thuan lgi nira cho viec sir dyng can tren 500''C ciia dau thd Su Tir Den lam nhien lieu ddt Id Ham lugng parafin ran cd mat can tren 500''C ciia dau thd Su Tii' Den kha cao lam cho nhiet chay ciia san phim tang len, nhung nhiet ddng dac cua cac parafin cao (tang theo chieu dai cua mach caebon) lam giam tinh linh dgng ciia san pham, gay khd khan cho qua trinh bom, van chuyen, rdt va pha trdn Nhu vay, can tren 500*'C tir diu thd Su Tir Den diing dl san xuat nhien lieu ddt Id la rit tdt, nd cd thi pha trdn vdi cae phan doan khae ciia dau md de thu dugc dau thuang phim cd hieu qua kinh tl vi can tren 500''C cd ham lugng luu huynh nhd Nhugc diem chinh ciia can diu Su Tir Den la ed nhilu parafin nen lam giam tinh linh ddng ciia san pham va lam tang ehi phi viec gia nhiet van chuyen va sir dyng Anh hu'dng ciia tinh chat ly hoa va phan cau tnic nhdm hydroeaebon ciia can tren SOO^C doi vdi cdng nghe san xuat bitum Ve phuang dien hda ly, bitum (nhya dudng) chinh la mdt he keo phiie tap, tinh chat ciia bitum phu thudc ba phan giira nhya, asphalten va phan dau nang Chat lugng ciia bitum phu thude vao eae phan dau nang, nhya, asphalten va parafme ran Asphalten qu>et dinh tinh chat ran ciia bitum, neu ham lugng asphalten cd mat bitum cang nhieu thi bitum cang ran, nhung ham lugng asphalten qua eao thi bitum se gidn va it deo Cac chat nhya quyet djnh tinh deo va kha nang gan ket ciia bitum Dau nang gdp phan lam tang kha nang chju gid, nang, mua cua bitum Cdn cac parafin ran cd bitum lam cho bitum cd ben va tinh gan ket, bam dinh kem Trong can tren 500''C eua dau thd Su Tir Den ham lugng nhya va asphalten trung binh 23,06%o, nhieu dau md se dan den bitum bi mem nhiet tang cao Mat khae can tren 500°C cua dau thd md Su Tir Den ham lugng pafafin ldn, se lam cho bitum de ddng ran nhung kha nang ket dinh cua bitum kem, khdng ben va de bj pha huy Chat lugng cua bitum sir dyng eae cdng trinh giao thdng the hien qua chi tieu quan trgng la xuyen kim, chay mem va keo dai Ba ehi tieu ed sy lien quan va tac ddng qua lai lan va ed gia trj phu thudc vao phin ciia bitum: nlu diem xuyen kim ldn bitum se mem, phan cua bitum ehira nhilu nhya, nhilu dau nang Neu diem chay mem cao bitum ed ehiia nhieu asphalten, it diu nang va it nhya Neu diem keo dai ldn bitum ed nhieu nhya, it dau nang va it parafin Loai bitum cd tinh chju nhiet tdt, cd dn djnh cao, thudng ed phin 25% nhya, H- 18% asphalten, 53 H- 55% diu nang, theo tieu chuin thi gidi: Asphalten Nhua = 0,5 ^ 0,6 Nhua + asphalten Dau nang = 0,8 4- 0,9 Vdi dau thd md Su Tir Den: Tuyin tap b^o c^o Hgi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Vift Nam: Cff hgi mdi, thach thde mdi" Nhua + asphalten Diu nang 139^ ^ ^3,06_ ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^ .^ ^^^^^^ 76,55 Loai can tren 500*'C dat duge cac yeu cau nhu tren ve ty le giiia dau nang/nhya/asphalten ndi chung la rat it Do dd, de thay ddi ty le tren, tiic la tang dan ham lugmg nhya va asphalten, thudng phai tien hanh qua trinh oxy hda bang oxy khdng d nhiet 170 H- 260'^C Trong qua trinh oxy hda thi mdt phan dau nang se dugc chuyen hda nhya va mdt phan nhya se duge chuyen hda asphalten xay cac phan img ngung ty Khi dd ham lugmg dau nang se giam di, asphalten tang len va ham lugng nhya it thay ddi Do dd, neu oxy hda cang sau thi bitum cang ed nhieu asphalten se lam cho bitum gidn va it deo Vi vay, tiiy theo loai can cua ciia timg loai dau mdi san xuat dugc bitum cd chat lugmg tdt va ed tinh kinh te Ddi vdi dau thd md Su Tir Den khdng thich hgp cho viec san xuat bitum Anh hirdng cua tinh chat ly hda va phan cau triic nhdm hydroeaebon ciia can tren 500 C ddi vdi qua trinh che bien thir cap Can tren 500''C ciia dau thd Su Tir Den cd nhdt rat ldn, cd the sir dyng lam nguyen lieu cho qua trinh vibreaking rat tdt Day la qua trinh phan buy, be gay mach hydroeaebon dudi tae dung cua nhiet cao va ap suat cao, de thu dugc cac san pham nhe ban (giam nhdt) sir dyng lam nhien lieu rat tdt Anh hirdng ciia tinh chat ly hda va phan cau true nhdm hydroeaebon ciia can tren 500 C dung lam nguyen lieu cho qua trinh san xuat dau nhdn Tir can tren 500''C (day la phan nang nhat ciia dau thd) ta cd the thu dugc phan doan dau nhdn gdc cd nhdt cao, diing de pha che, dieu chinh eae loai dau nhdm cd nhdt theo yeu eau (phan doan dau nhdn nang cd nhdt cao pha vdi cae phan doan dau nhdn nhe cd nhdt thap hom de thu dugc dau nhdn cd nhdt nam khoang nhdt ciia phan doan) Chat lugmg dau nhdn gdc tir can tren 500°C duge quyet djnh bdi phan va ham lugmg cac hg hydroeaebon cd mat can tren 500''C Cae hydroeaebon parafin ndi chung cd nhdt thap hon so vdi cac loai hydroeaebon khae Cae hydroeaebon naphten hoae hydroeaebon thom mdt hoae hai vdng cd ciing nhiet sdi thi nhdt ciia chimg cung gan nhu Nhung cae naphten va cac hydroeaebon thom vdng trd len thi nhdt eua chiing khae rd ret Cac hydrocacbon-nhieu vdng, hdn hgp nhieu vdng ed nhdt eao nhat Trong dd cac hydroeaebon naphten nhieu vdng (chi cd naphten) se ed nhdt cao nhat Trong phan doan can tren 500^C thi cac hydroeaebon naphten va hydroeaebon thom chiem da sd Trong dd cac hydroeaebon naphten va hydroeaebon thom it vdng cd mach nhanh dai la nhirng cau tir quy cho dau nhdn vi chiing ed chi sd nhdt cao Cdn cac hydroeaebon naphten va hydroeaebon tbomi nhieu vdng hoae lai hgp naphten hydroeaebon thom thudng cd nhdt rat cao, song ehi sd lai rat thap Nhu vay, eae hgp chit khdng phai la cau tir can thiet cho dau gdc de che tao dau bdi tron chat lugng cao, mat khae qua trinh bao quan hay lam viee cac hgp chat cd xu hudng tao 140 Phan tich, danh gia can tren 500°C ciia dSu thd thuong mai mo Su Td_De£ nhya manh, lam suy giam nhanh chdng tinh nang sir dyng ciia diu nhdn Cdn cac paratin d phan doan nhat la cac parafin ran cd trgng lugng phan tir ldn edn ggi la sap ed chi sd nhdt cao, nhung nhiet ddng dac cao nen chung de bi ket tinh va lam giam tinh linh ddng cua dau nhdn lam viec d nhiet thap Cho nen cin thiet phai loai bd bdt cac parafin ran khdi dau nhdn, day la cdng doan phuc tap, tdn kem, vi the thudng chi tien hanh loai bd mdt phan va eho them phu gia ed tae dyng lam giam nhiet ddng dac den nhiet ddng dac yeu cau Phan doan can tren 500''C dimg dl san xuat dau nhdt gdc tdt cd ehi sd nhdt cao la can ciia ciia cac hg dau: parafinic, naphteno-parafinic, hoae parafino-naphtenic, vi phan ciia can cd chiia nhieu hydroeaebon naphten va hydroeaebon thom it vdng cd nhanh phy dai Xet theo yeu ciu va kit qua phan tieh ta thay can tren 500''C ciia dau thd Viet Nam ndi chung va diu thd Su Tir Den ndi rieng, thay rang phan doan can tren 500"C ciia dau thd Su Tir Den cd the san xuat dugc dau nhdn gdc cd chi sd nhdt cao, vi dau thd Viet Nam deu thudc hg parafinic Tuy nhien, mdt viee rat quan trgng dua hudng su dyng can tren 500''C diing de san xuat dau nhdn nang dd la xem xet den hieu suat dau nhdn cd cao hay khdng? Cd hieu qua kinh te hay khdng? Tir ket qua phan tich can tren 500°C eiia dau thd thuang mai md Su Tir Den ta thay hieu xuat thu hdi dau md tir can sau loai bo nhya - asphalten la 76,55%) KL Tuy nhien, phan doan can ham lugng parafin ran cao, dan den hieu suat dau nhdn sau tinh che se thap Mat khae, viec loai bd parafin ran la cdng viee phiic tap, tdn kem, lam tang chi phi san xuat, hieu qua kinh te khdng cao Do dd, de nang cao hieu qua kinh te eiia viec sir dung can tren 500°C dau thd thuong mai md Su Tii' Den lam nguyen lieu cho qua trinh san xuat dau nhdn can sir dyng ket hgp vdi eae dau thd khae cd chi sd nhdt thap, nhung ed hieu suat thu hdi ldm, de nang eao hieu qua kinh te, ma van dam bao chat lugng DE X U A T HU^ONG SU* DUNG CAN TREN SOO^C TlT D A U THO MO Sif Tif DEN Qua cac ket qua nghien eim da trinh bay d tren, ta cd phan ket luan va dl xuit hudng sir dung ddi vdi can tren 500°C tir diu thd md Su Tir Den nhu sau: Cd the sir dung de pha trdn vdi nhirng phan doan san phim khae d^ san xuit nhien lieu ddt Id (FO) dat tieu chuin chat lugmg ed nhiet chay ldn, ham lugng kim loai nhd va dae biet cd ham lugng luu huynh rat thip Khdng thich hgp eho \n'^r san xuit bitum Lam nguyen lieu rat tdt cho qua trinh Vibreaking dl nhan them eae san phim nhe hon (giam nhdt) Cd the sir dung lam nguyen lieu cho qua trinh san xuat dau nhdn gdc cd chit lugng tot, nhung hieu qua kinh te khdng cao Nhu vay, cae hudng sir dyng tren thi sir dyng lam nhien lieu dot Id va nguyen lieu cho qua trinh vibreaking la thyc thi horn ca Tuyin tap b^o c^o Hgi nghj KHCN "30 nSm Dau Vift Nam: Cff hgi mdi, thach thde mdi" TAI LIEU 141 THAM K H A O C.F.R Antolini Methode pour analyse des hydrocarbures , di, et poly aromatique Eric M Dickinson Structural comparision of petroleum fractions using proton and C13 NRM spectrocopy G Brandes Die strukturgruppen von erdoifractionen J Perret, P Wuithier Petrole brut et fractions petrolieres J.S Labreeque, S Galobades, M.E Cohem Atomic absorsion ofNi and vanadium in heavy crues via carbon rod atomizer Le Manh Quyet, 2001 Xdc dinh tinh chdt vd thdnh phdn hda ly can tren 500"C cua ddu md Dgi Hiing vd Rdng: Di xudt hudng xir ly, chi biin vd sic dung can ndy I P Wuithier La ditillation dans I "Industrie du petrole PyQUnicam Ltd Atomic absorption data book S Neuman, J Rahimian D Taghizadeh, 1967 Zur analytschen bestimung der sogennante asphanten, ein beitragzu ihei definition Chemie 48 (1967), p 66 - 69 10 Truong Dinh Hgi Hi thdng sd lieu ca sd tinh chdt ddu thd Viet Nam Tap II Truong Dinh Hgi, 1992 Nghien cim thdnh phdn keo ddu thd vd dnh hudng ciia chimg din tinh chdt ddu thd 12 Vellingre Edmond Industrie du petrole 13 West Jim, 1993 Internetionalpetroleum encyclopendia ... Den khdng thich hgp cho viec san xuat bitum Anh hirdng cua tinh chat ly hda va phan cau triic nhdm hydroeaebon ciia can tren 500 C ddi vdi qua trinh che bien thir cap Can tren 500'' ''C ciia dau thd... gdc tdt cd ehi sd nhdt cao la can ciia ciia cac hg dau: parafinic, naphteno-parafinic, hoae parafino-naphtenic, vi phan ciia can cd chiia nhieu hydroeaebon naphten va hydroeaebon thom it vdng cd... ddng dac cua cac parafin cao (tang theo chieu dai cua mach caebon) lam giam tinh linh dgng ciia san pham, gay khd khan cho qua trinh bom, van chuyen, rdt va pha trdn Nhu vay, can tren 500* ''C tir