Tap chiKHKTMo Bia chdt, sd31, 712010, tr 114 122 LTNG D U N G CONG NGHE GIS TRONG XAY DITNG VA QUAN LY CSDL KHOANG SAN TINH YEN BAI LAI THIEN THANH, VP Hpi ddng ddnh gid trir luong khodng sdn, Bp TNMT[.]
Tap chiKHKTMo - Bia chdt, sd31, 712010, tr 114-12 LTNG D U N G CONG NGHE GIS TRONG XAY D I T N G VA QUAN LY CSDL KHOANG SAN TINH YEN BAI LAI THIEN THANH, VP Hpi ddng ddnh gid trir luong khodng sdn, Bp TNMT NGUYEN THI PHU'ONG THAO, Trung tdm CNTT- Sa TNMT tinh Ba Ria-Viing Tau DOAN THI XUAN HUONG, Trudng Dgi hgc Mo - Dia chdt Tom tat: Hien nay, nuoc ta chua cd mpt chudn thdng nhdt ve xdy dung vd quan ly co sd dir lieu khodng san Viet Nam Viec quan ly vd cap nhdt ca sd dir lieu khodng san a cdc Tmh vdn cdn mang tinh thii cdng nin viec irng dung cdng nghi GIS vdo quan ly tdi nguyen khodng san Id rdt cdn thiit Muc tiiu cua bdi bdo Id di xudt mpt sd chudn CSDL khodng san vd di cap din khd ndng irng dung cua cdng nghi GIS xdy dung vd quan ly CSDL khodng san md dgc biit a ddy Id CSDL khodng san tinh Yin Bdi CSDL khodng sdn bao gdm dir lieu nin dia hinh, dir lieu nen dia chdt vd dir lieu cdc md khodng sdn Sdn phdm tlni dirge Id CSDL khodng sdn tinh Yen Bdi ;; , Md dau GIS dugc thiet ke nhu mot he thdng chung de quan ly dir lieu khdng gian, nd cd rat nhieu iing dung viec phat trien dd thi va mdi trudng tu nhien nhu la: quy hoach dd thi, quan ly nhan luc, quan ly rirng, tai nguyen nude, giam sat viing bien va bien gidi, lu kit, mdi trudng, ddng dat Trong phan Idn ITnh vuc nay, GIS ddng vai trd nhu la mot cdng cu hd trg quyet djnh cho viec lap ke hoach boat ddng [1] Tinh Yen Bai nam d phia Bac cua nude ta, la tinh cd nhieu ngudn tai nguyen khoang san Nhieu khu vuc da dugc cac ca quan cd tham quyen cho phep tham dd va cd bao cao ket qua tai Hdi ddng danh gia tru lugng khoang san Cac bao cao tham dd, nhung thdng tin dja chat, cap tru' lugng va tai nguyen ciia md deu dugc luu tru' theo dang sd sach, dang file word tren may tinh, dugc quan ly va cap nhat mang tinh thii cdng [2] Den sd lugng thdng tin ve md khoang san dja chat la rat Idn, mudn tim thdng tin ve mot md khoang san nao dd khu vuc se mat nhieu thdi gian Cac irng dung ciia cdng nghe GIS quan ly tai nguyen khoang san se giai quyet dugc nhung bat cap va nhirng ban che cdng tac quan \y khoang san cua ca nude va tinh Yen Bai ndi rieng [3] De thuc hien tdt viec can phai ^ay dung dugc mot he thdng ca sd du' lieu khoang san 114 chuan, cd the de dang lien ket, trao ddi va cap nhat thdng tin khoang san vdi cac tinh ca nude Co sd du lieu chuan ve khoang san thudng bao gdm loai chinh: ca sd du' lieu dja hinh, CO' sd dii' lieu dja chat va ca sd du lieu khoang san Trong dd ca sddu' lieu khoang san la yeu td quan trgng nhat, la ca sd thdng tin de ngudi dgc, ngudi tra ciru cd the nam rd dugc tinh hinh khoang san ciia dia phuong dd Ket qua thuc nghiem dugc hien thj bang hinh anh cac vj tri diem md toan tinh Yen Bai, thdng tin chi tiet ve cac md khoang san Dua vao nhung hinh anh rat true quan se giiip cac nha quan ly cd phuong hudng quan ly, qui hoach va cap phep cac md chinh xac, hieu qua va kiem soat dugc ngudn tai nguyen qui gia ciia dat nude He thong thong tin dja ly va kha nang itng dung quan ly tai nguyen khoang san He thdng thdng tin dja ly (Geographical Information System - ggi tit la GIS) la mot phln cua cdng nghe thdng tin dugc hinh vao nhirng nam I960 va phat triln rgng rai nhirng nam gin day He thdng thdng tin dja ly GIS cd kha nang danh gia hien trang ciia qua trinh, cac thuc the ciia tu nhien, kinh tl - xa hgi thdng qua chirc nang thu thap, quan ly, truy van phan tich va tich hgp cac thdng tin diro'c gin vdi nen hinh hgc (ban dd) nhat quan tren ca I sd tga cila cac du- lieu dIu vao GIS ed thi dugc hieu nhu la mgt cdng nghe xir ly cac dir lieu cd tga (ban dd) dl biln chiing cac thdng tin trg giup quylt djnh cho cac nha quan ly Do dd, viec ung dung he thdng thdng tin dja ly la rat can thilt, phii hgp vdi xu thi tin hgc hda xa hdi va yeu elu phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi cuaca nude [4] Kha nang irng dung GIS vao quan ly tai nguyen khoang san la rat Idn Khdng nhu cac CSDL thdng thudng, GIS rlt true quan, thu|n tien va ciing mot liic cung cap cho ngudi sir dung nhieu thdng tin mot each tdng hgp Ngoai iing dung cdng nghe GIS tiet kiem dugc thdi gian viec luu trir sd lieu, cd the cap nhat va luu tru' sd lieu vdi mot khdi lugng Idn Chat lugng du' lieu dugc quan ly, xir ly va hieu chinh tdt, de dang truy cap, phan tich sd lieu til' nhieu ngudn va nhieu loai khac Cd the tdng hgp mot lan dugc nhieu loai sd lieu khac de phan tich va nhanh chdng tao mot ldp sd lieu tdng hgp mdi Tren man hinh may tinh, dua vao cac ca sd du' lieu luu trir chi can nhap "con chudf len dd ta se cd dugc thdng tin chi tiet ve nhieu ITnh vuc can tim [1] Sd lugng cac md khoang san da dugc Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng va Dja phuong cap phep la rat Idn De quan ly tdt tat ca cac md khong phai la de va nhat thiet phai lam, irng dung GIS se kiem soat va quan ly tai nguyen khoang san mot each nhanh chdng va thuan tien; Giup cdng tac quy hoach khoang san cap Trung uong cd su thdng nhat vdi quy hoach khoang san cap dja phuang; Quan ly cap phep hoat ddng khoang san dugc chat che, chdng quan ly chdng cheo va gian doan (giua Bd TN&MT, Bd Cdng thirong, Bd Xay dung, Bd NN&PTNT, chinh quyen dja phuong cac cap ) Kiem soat dugc cac td chirc, ca nhan khai thac, dugc san lugng khai thac, xuat khau Chdng tinh trang cap phep khai thac khdng theo quy hoach hoac vugt quy hoach va chdng cheo vdi quy hoach cac nganh kinh te khac Mot sd dja phuong cap phep nhung khdng giam sat hoac khdng du nang luc de giam sat ky thuat dac biet la quan ly, giam sat ve mdi trudng khiln mdi trudng cang bj hiiy hoai va ga) VD: Ldp bi il do, Idp cao nhilu he luy xa hdi khac Giai qu\et tdt : cdng viec hanh chinh sd lugng cac don \i khai thac va san lugng khoang san nga\ cang tang din din khd khan quan ly \a su phdi hop cua cac ca quan chirc nang Tinh trung binh mdi thang cd khoang 15 du an ve md dugc giai quyet cac thii tuc vdi khoang 1.500 van ban cac loai Ngoai ra, theo quy djnh, hang thang viec bao cao boat ddng khoang san phai dugc thuc hien vdi 30 ndi dung chuyen nganh GIS dugc sir dung de cung cap thdng tin nhanh hon va chinh xac hon cho cac nha dau tu mudn tim kiem khu md can tham dd de cd chinh sach dau tu, hoach djnh phat trien Nhd kha nang xii' ly cac tap hgp du' lieu Idn tii' cac co' sd du' lieu phiic tap, nen GIS thich hgp vdi cac nhiem vu quan ly mdi trudng Thiet ke ca sd dCr lieu khoang san Co' sd du' lieu ve nen dja hinh thudng sir dung cac ban dd cua Tdng cue dja chinh Vdi dang dir lieu vector dugc tao tir MicroStation ve ban chat van chi tdn tai d dang du lieu spaghetti nghTa la chua cd dugc lien ket quan he khdng gian hay cdn ggi la topology Do vay ngudn du' lieu vector chuyen sang Mapinfo can dugc chuan hda lai Chuan ca sd du lieu nen dia hinh chi gdm cac ldp sau: dudng giao thdng, dudng ranh gidi, dudng binh do, thiiy he, dja vat, cao, text Mdi Idp cd mot cau true thudc tinh rieng biet Ve nen dja chat thi sii' dung ngudn tai lieu cua Trung tam luu tru' dja chat thudc Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Thudng ban dd nen dja chat chi gdm chuan ca sd du' lieu nhu: Tudi dia chat, diit gay dja chat, ranh gidi dja chat va nen dja chat Thdng tin ca sd du lieu khoang san dugc lay tir cac sd md khoang san da dugc tim kiem danh gia, dieu tra sa bd va luu trir tai Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng cua Tinh Cac md dugc cap phep tham dd khoang san thi thu thap tai Van phdng Hgi ddng danh gia trQ- lugng khoang san Chuan ca sd dii' lieu khoang san gdm Idp: khoang san, md tham dd, nhan khoang san a) Co' sd du' lieu nen dja hinh dugc lay tir ban dd dja hinh 1:50000 gdm cac ldp thdng tin sau: Bang 3-1 LopTT Featurestyle Ma phan loai Loai binh Enumeration Binh - Binh ca ban - Binh phu Codelist Phan loai binh Loai Binh Binh Do cao Kieu diroiig Ma phan loai Do cao Loai diem Do cao Real Polyline Phan loai diem cao Real Loai diem cao Diem cao - ThuoTig - Dac trung Point Point y Ldp COsd dir lieu ve dd cao Bang 3-2 He! p Objects cn | i ^ | S | im CZI cu m\ cz\ CD cu CD ^1 jial ;;rvl*- fOftt DO €X> EJC EX) E36 E^ E30 EX> Vntrnrije Vatime Vatime Vatiine Vatime Vatime Vaiime Vatime cao cao cao cao cao cao cao cao [Tn|c^ t ^ | E : i | ^ ] K'?\ H*-»5eJtf jui^tlfv fojif^ 887 2 6 2 27 2 Discover 1 1 , ij^vel F Sati.-^atone, i d t x ^ F SaiidatDoc, ullit> F Siltctcuc, l a u d i t i Bang 3-5 Ten ldp Featurestyle Ten khoang san Nhan khoang san Style Charater So hieu tren ban Khoang san Mo tham integer Ki hieu Charater So thijtu Ten mo Ky hieu Loai khoan" san So hieu tren ban Toa X, Y Vj tri Qui mo Dac diem dja chat Muc dieu n-a Trtr lu'ong tai nguyen du bao Trien vong So thir tu Ranh gidi Ten mo Dien tich Giay phep tham Chii dau tu Dac diem dia chat Trij' lugng khoang san Integer Charater Charater Integer float Charater Charater Charater Charater Charater Charater integer Charater Charater Charater Charater Charater Charater Charater VD: Ldp CO' sd dir lieu ve cac md khoang san Bang 3-6 TT L^ File Edit Tools Objects D|iS SL!|y|3{ s n T M nM U 01 BiiaGi6ag U 02 Tfkcojg KcQ U 03 Hoo^ Quaog U Tb M«u U Quy M D ^ n La 11^ K h u i o Loai KS Ki hieu Ten md Query 1J KHKS Td Td Tabte Options Sd hieu tren ban dd Browse Wiridow X(m) Hefc 1 [ni|n|G!i[E]|ffl| _^ L09) K S S H Inn BC X in Discover Y(m) Vi tri Qui md Dac diem dia chat Trich luoc ban M I N I Y HI V) Ir) Qo)_llw Xa Soa Luua^, buyca Van Cbaa B Da >ay quaah gom ia D Coc Team tu:b cbua thzi Thaa aaliaxil 96 2J96J32.9Z! 445^14,352 Thaa acitrax.it 35 2,421 j693.Ml 436,300 919 Xa Pbon^ I3u TtiiiDag, huyca Vao Yco I>ar (Dun I>C To Tn Tbaa oAu 13 2.443,156 093 469,770 191 Xa D6ag Quao, b u ^ o Luc T e a D TtEIIi thcb cbua tbaa co Tbaa ti&u 10 2,443,^03,143 465,907,639 Xa Tb Mau, tiuyvo Luc Yco D Tmm itcb cbila tbao '.o Tn Tbjiaa&u 57 2,410,400 790 475,881,029 x a Quy Mbag, huyco Trtia Yeo D Tliao jUDc tbAob n o tr F« Sii *3 2,418.116 909 *50,9(58,S«1 D Tbao quac^ dxog ibau - CSr' khoang san dirge xay dung theo he qu\ chi>3 >ii sau: Xa A o T b l a b , buyro Vda Yco + He quy chieu toa qude gia VN2000: + He quy chieu cao qude gia: -I- He qu\ chieu toa phang la phep chieu UTM vdi mui chieu 6°, kinh tuyen true 105° Ket qua thyc nghiem Sir dung phan mem Mapinfo de xay dirng, luu tru' quan ly va hien thj ca sd du' lieu khoang san tinh Yen Bai [5] Ca sd du lieu khoang san gdm phSn chinh: Ca sd du' lieu nin dja hinh ty le 1:50000 ca sd dir lieu nen dja chat ty le 1: 50000 CO sd du' lieu md khoang san chinh cua tinh Yen Bai [3] - Ban dd khoang san tinh Yen Bai ioniLi Qiicinc) Hinh 4-2 - Thdng tin chi tiet ve diem md ( VD: Mo sat lang My) ,^«»m«ama»am»«2.-jai,i«»^i»aiiat.i.'M :, Ten JOO U n e My KHKS; Fe -Qi._KS; Jit SH_Treo_BD; i ] l Y p h u , 29 V_Oiiy X 104 813089 Y Zld33333 Vi_lii Qa,_m3 c_diem_Dr cdo.dieuiu Xd T«n Thinh huyen Via Cbie M Oul = flqu«ml m.eu«li.,impb,bol- ,[ag„