• Tip san KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE'''' 25 NGHIEN CL/U MO HINH SAN XUAT KHI SINH HOC Tt/ CHAT THAI C H A N NUOI CO BO SUNG B A MIA • Th s Lam VTnhStfn, KS Nguyen Tran Ngoc Phifcfng Khoa Moi tnfdng vd Cong ngh[.]
25 • Tip san KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE' NGHIEN CL/U MO HINH SAN XUAT KHI SINH HOC Tt/ CHAT THAI C H A N NUOI CO BO SUNG B A MIA • Th.s Lam VTnhStfn, KS Nguyen Tran Ngoc Phifcfng Khoa Moi tnfdng vd Cong nghe Sinh hoc, Dai hoc Ky Thuat Cong Nghe Tp Ho Chi Minh, Viet nam TOM TAT Theo thdng ke nam 2009 ciia Bo Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn, nUdc ta dang cd trieu trau, trieu bd, 28 trieu Idn ChUa ke' hang tram trieu gia cam dang dUdc nudi khap cac dia phu'dng ca nUdc, sdc ep ve mdi trUdng ndi chung va nUdc thai chan nuoi ndi rieng ma hoat dong mang den la mot thach thdc cho thUc tien phat trien dat nUdc ben canh cac hieu qua kinhte'ma nddatdUdc Bang viec xay diTng mo hinh biogas truyen thd'ng, quy md phdng thi nghiem, de tai da nghien cdudUdc kha nang xdly nUdc thai chan nuoi dUa tren md hinh la 71 - % SS, 7476% COD, 74 - 76% BOD, 65 - 68% TNK, 41 - 42% TP Tren cd sd dd, nhan thay dUdc kha nang xd ly nu'dc thai bang md hinh cdn cd the diTdc nang cao bang nhieu giai phap Viec bd sung ba mia vao ngan dau tien ciia md hinh la phu'dng an dUdc lUa chon Kha nang xd ly cac chi tieu mdi tru'dng cua mo hinh bd sung ba mia sau lan lap lai thi nghiem la kha quan Cung sau 60 nghien cdu nhU md hinh khdng bd sung ba mia, hieu qua xu" ly SS, COD, B0D5 ciia md hinh biogas cai tien cd bd sung ba mia deu dat tren 90%, cao hdn til's - 11% so vdi md hinh truyen thdng Loai bd tren 70% Ni-td, tUdng dUdng 50% Phosphore, 99,9% tdng Coliform nUdc thai Ket qua ciia nghien cdu giiip nhin nhan lai mot kha nang dng dung cdng nghe sinh hoc ky xd ly mdi trUdng, gdp phan giai quyet tinh trang nhiem mdi tru'dng hoat ddng chan nudi gay Tiif khoa: nUdc thai chan nudi, ba mia, Biogas ABSTRACT According to the statistics in 2009 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam has about millions of buffaloes, six millions of cows, 28 millions of pigs besides hundreds of millions of poultries are being kept nation wide, environmental pressure (the most special is waste water) caused a great challenge to our country's development besides economical development By building the pilot of biogas (laboratory scale), this paper describes a research to use an traditional combined biological process livestock wastewater (based on this model) is 7176% SS, 74-76% COD, 74 - 76% BODS, 65-68% TNK, 41 - 42% TP And by using bagasse into the pilot of biogas, after 60 days, the research showed a result over 90% SS, COD, BODS (higher than the traditional biogas is - 11%) Beside that, over of 70% Nitrogen, about 50% phosphorus, 99.9% of total coliform in wastewater are treated The result of this study showed an ability to treat wastewater by anaearobic inethods that solve environmental pollution Keywords: Livestock waste water, bagasse, biogas ^ 26 L M U C T I E U NGHIEN ClJu 1.1 Muc tieu cu the: Nghien eUu hieu qua xd ly nude t h i i chan nudi heo bang md hinh Biogas, dUa tren cdng nghe sinh hpc ky khf Nghien cUu nang cao hieu q u i xd ly nUdc thai chan nudi heo cung b i n g md hinh Biogas nhUng ed bd sung ba mia, tao cd chat cho qua trinh phan hiiy Theo ddi dien bien cac thdng sd danh gia muc dp d nhidm nu'dc, dien bien lUdng khf va p h i n Biogas sinh ra, phan anh tfnh kha thi cua de tai 1.2 Muc tieu lau dai: Han che viec d nhiem mdi trUdng nUdc hoat dpng chan nudi gay Tim ngudn nguyen lieu mdi cd kha nang xd ly nUdc d nhiem vdi gia re Xay dung bd suu tap cac loai phe pham - phu pham ndng nghiep cd kha nang xdly nudc t h i i NOI DUNG NGHIEN cufu Nghien cUu giai phap cdng nghe cai tien hieu qua boat ddng cua be Biogas truyen thdng va giam thieu tai lupng d nhiem trUdc thai ngudn tiep nhan bang cae ndi dung nhusau: -I- Thiet ke md hinh phuc vu nghien cUu : md hinh thU nhat la md hinh Biogas van hanh theo nguyen ly truyen thdng (nghiem thUc ddi ehUng Bo); va md hinh Biogas cai tien b i n g each bd sung them ngan Ipc d i u be Biogas vdi vat lieu Idc b i n g ba mfa (nghiem thUc nang cao B,) -I- Phan tfch cac chi tieu mdi trudng nUdc, theo ddi phan va the tfch khf Biogas theo cae mdc thdi gian eu the + TU nhUng nghien cUu dd, ket luan tfnh kha thi cua viec nang cao hieu qua xd ly nude thai chan nudi b i n g Biogas ket hdp vdi viec bd sung ba mfa, thucday tdcdd va hieuquacuaqua trinh phan hijy ky khf PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClJU 3.1 PhUOng phap luan: NUdc thai chan nudi heo cd dac trung d nhiem hOu cd cad, giau Nitd, vi sinh vat kha nang gay d nhidm mdi trudng cao Neu khdng xd ly thfch hdp thi nd se de dpa eac p h i n mdi trudng khac va anh hudng sUc khde cdng ddng Cung dac tfnh nhUvay ma kha nang ap dung cdng nghe phan buy ky khf b i n g be Biogas thfch hdp xdly loai chatthai I't bun, sinh nang lupng, de van hanh, it tdn kem Nhieu cdng trinh Bicgas truyen thdng lam dUdc dieu dd Nhan thay phe pham ndng nghiep cung la • Tip san KHOA HOC S CONG NGHE mdt loai tai nguyen cd the tai sd dung, tac gia sU dung ba mia bd sung vao ngan d i u tien be Biogas nhu la mdt loai vat lieu Ipc va cdn la ngudn cacbcn d i u vad cho vi sinh vat sddung 3.2 Phuong phap cu the: PhUdng phap thu thap tai lieu: tdng hpp, bien hdi nhUng tai lieu, nhUng de tai, nhUng cdng trinh nghien cUu cd lien quan PhUdng phap xay dung va van hanh md hinh thUc nghiem: xay dUng md hinh thi nghiem, chay md hinh va theo ddi cae van de phat sinh thdi gian nghien cUu PhUdng phap phan tfch mau: phan tfch eac ehi tieu danh gia chat lUdng nude trUde, trong, va sau xdly PhUdng phap phan tfch, xd ly, tdng hpp sd lieu: thu thap, phan tfch va xd ly sd lieu cd dupe tU nghien cUu bang p h i n mem Microsoft Excel 2007 QUY TRiNH THI'NGHIEM: 4.1 Thiet kemo hinh: 4.1.1 Mo hinh ddi chdng S„ ; la md hinh lam bang kfnh, day 4,5mm, hinh hop chU nhat, cd ki'ch thudc la D X R X C = 0,8 X 0,4m x 0,4m •?"r; y^ -y Hinh 1: Mo hinh ddi chdng -B^ 4.1.2 Mo hinh nghien cdu nang cao 6, • la Md hinh lam b i n g kinh, day 4,5mm , hinh hop chU nhat Hinh 2: Mo hinh nghien cCiu nang cao (bd sung ba mia) - B, 27 • Tip san KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE + Kfch thudc: D x R x C = 1,2m x 0,4m x 0,4m ; Chia lam 3ngan, vdi cau tao nhusau: • Ngan thU cd kich thUdc: D x R x C = 0.3m x 0,4m X 0,4m Tai ngan la ndi tiep nhan nude t h i i d i u vao va dUdc ehUa ba mfa • Ngan thU ed kfch thudc: D x R x C = 0.6m x 0,4m x0,4m Ngan tiep nhan nUdcthaitU ngan thU nhat thdng qua dng xa tran bd trf each day md hinh la 0,32m • Ngan thU cd kfch thUdc: D x R x C = 0.3m x 0,4m X 0,4m Day la ngan chUa nude sinh sau qua trinh phan huy ky • Tui thu khf: cd dang hinh tru dUng, chieu dai la 1m, Ban kfnh la 0,15m The tfch la 701it, lam bang nhua sudt vao md hinh B„ va B, (bd sung ba mia) • Thu miu sau cac khoang thdi gian van hanh mo hinh: M i u nUdc dUdc thu va phan tfch sau khding thdi gian djnh ky la ngay, tien hanh lien tuc 60 • Thu va phan tich mau Biogas: Khi biogas sinh d mdi md hinh B^ va B, dUdc thu vao tui thu khf chuyen dung cd trang bac mat cung Phan tfch p h i n va the tfch bang may GA94 • Sau ddt nghien cUu, tien hanh phan tfch tdng hdp sd lieu va thuc hien l i n nghien cUu thU KET QUA NGHIEN CL/U: 5.1 Ket qua phan tich mau ban dau: Banql: Ket qua phan tfch mau nUdc d i u vad Chi tieu Gia trj pH ii Hinh 3: Tui thu Biogas 4.2 Bdtriva trinh tUthi nghiem: Nghien cUu tien hanh dUatren2 nghiem thUc(1 nghiem thUc ddi chUng B„ va nghiem thUc nang cao hieu qua B,) vdi sd lan lap lai la lan Thu m i u nUdc thai chan nudi heo tai cd sd chan nudi va phan phdi m i u nUdc vao cac md hinh thfnghiem B„, B,: M i u nUdc l i y tai trang trai chan nudi cua dng Vu Van Tam, PhUdng An Ldi Ddng, Quan2,Tp Hd Chf Minh Nudc thai lay tU hd gom trUdc cho vao be Biogas cua ndng hd chan nudi - m i u dUdc ddng hdanUdcva phan heo vdi Thdi gian l i y m i u : 14h30, thang nam 2010 Hien trang mau: mau xam, mui hdi Dieu kien thdi tiet: Trdi n i n g , dUng gid M i u dupe test cac thdng sd cd ban, lam thdng sd dau vao cua qua trinh xd ly: pH, SS, COD, B0D5, Ni - td Kjeldahl (TNK), Phospho tdng (TP) , Tdng Coliform Do thdi gian nghien cUu cd han, de tai khdng de cap den cac chf tieu quan khac nUdc thai chan nudi (vf du: N- nitrite, N nitrate, N - NH4-i- ) Sau dd cho the tich tUOng Ung 7,3 SS (mg/1) 5173 COD (mg/1) 10560 BOD5 (mg/1) 7181 N - Kjeldahl) 166,67 38,2 T - P (mg/1) T - Coliform (CFU/lOOml) 210x 10' 5.2 Ket qua lan thi ngliiem thU nhat va ban luan: 5.2.1 Dien bien pH: Dtt-ii bit-n pH liono n \^ H, tiuut; lan thi n^hivm (hu nhiit 14.805 5.2.9 Thanh phan cac hon hdp Biogas sinh i 5.2.6 Diin bien TP (mg/l): L HRinrr' /"ã*ããã HP'BUW^MW ^ãã^^^ ^ f iô^ 3H2S ^.^rfri^^ "" T h i i n b p h a n k h i Biogas hai nghiem thuc B« lan thi n g h i f ni thu nhat l-^-rP-BuiuuTl' - ^ T P - B l iiii?!); "-•.-,, ^^ • P'^-^-^,^ - - •-i - Hinh 10: Thanh p h i n hdn hop Biogas NT BJan thi nghiem 5;ii Ng.iv Ne.ay Ngay NgavNg.iv N'gay NgayNg.iyNgav NgavNgay ^gay Ngav I)' ' 10 1?" 20' 25 50' i?' M> 45' 50' 55' 50 Hinh 9: D i i n bien TP (mg/l) theo thdi gian nghiem thUc 5.2.7 Hieu qua khCt Total Coliform (CFU/IOOml): Tdng Coliform sau qua trinh XL/ ly la 60 ehi 120 x 104 CFU/IOOml ,Dat 99,94% Ket qua the hien kha nang loai bd vi sinh vat gay benh nUdc thai cua qua trinh phan huy ky khf, sau cae qua trinh len men acid, len men methane 5.2.8 The tich sinh d hai nghiem thdc sau Th-auh phan Biogas ughiem thuc It, (V lan tin nghirni thu nhat Hinh 11: Thanh phan hdn hdp Biogas nghiem thUcB, l i n thf nghiem ^ 30 • Tip san KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Nhin chung, nhUng p h i n k h f ' c d ldi" phat sinh nghiem thUc B, deu nhieu hdn so vdi nghiem thUc Bo TU ke't qua phan tfch khf b i n g may GA94, ta thay r i n g , lUdng khf sinh tai nghiem thUc B, ed phan nhieu hdn lUdng khf sinh tai nghiem thUc B„ (15,778 1ft so vdi 14,805 1ft) Ve p h i n khf CH,, nghiem thUe B, che mot lUdng khf la 55,5% cao hon % so vdi nghiem thUc B„ ddi ehUng Dae biet la lUdng HjS tai nghiem thUe B, ft hdn nghiem thUc Bo den l i n ( 0,001 % so vdi 0,005%), 5.3 Ket qua thi nghiem lan thd va ban luan 5.3.1 DiSn bien pH: [>ien hien pIJ (rong nghiem thuc B^, \ a B, troni; IJn thi nghiem thur -^pH-Bo ~*-])H-Bl » ••-M i • ' •! ZZAJL "s» r \ i -' , , { • j j j i \ T i NCA \ ) T i Hinh 12: D i i n bien pH thee thdi gian nghiem thUc lan thf nghiem thU Dua vao ke't q u i nghien eUu,tathiy chenh lech pH d hai nghiem thUc khdng dang ke khoang 15 dau, giai doan thuy phan va len men acid lam mdi trudng cd tinh acid Sau dd, ke tU 15 trd di, pH tang d i n de chuyen sang giai doan len men rUdu, len men methane Cudi 60 ngay, tai nghiem thUc ddi ehUng Bo, pH la 8,2 khdng chenh lech nhieu sd vdi pH d nghiem thUc B,la 8,1 Ket qua khdng khac biet nhieu so vdi ke't qua lan nghien eUu dau tien 5.3.2 DiSn bien SS (mg/l) theo thdi gian lan thf nghiem thd 2: Diifn hii-D S.S ( m g / l ) nghiem thiic B„ ^ a B, lan thi nghitni thii - ^ s b -*4-» =-T*-,k^_^ -»-s r I I < i 11 ^ ! X j i _ ^ — 1"*"'^n— -*= t — • — i * , ô " , ã ," Hinh 13: D i i n bien SS (mg/l) theo thdi gian d hai nghiem thL/c lan thi'nghiem thu" Trong khoang dau, SS tang nhanh so vdi lUdng SS ban d i u nghiem thUc ddi ehUng - Bo, SS cue dai la 6280 mg/l tai thdi diem sau nghien cUu Va tai nghiem thUc B,, sau 10 , SS cad nhat la 5406 mg/l Sau 15 SS b i t dau giam dd qua trinh thuy phan da ke't thuc, bat d i u giai ddan tiep sau tien trinh XL/ ly Cudi 50 ngay, SS giam nhe va cd xu hudng bao hda Hieu q u i XL/ ly can cua nghiem thUe Bo sau 60 la 71,06%, v a d nghiem thUcB, la 83,1% Cd the thay dUde vai trd cua viec bd sung ba mfa vao ngan dau tien md hinh Biogas, du thdi gian dau, SS cd dau hieu tang r i t nhanh he thdng XL/ ly Tuy nhien, sau qua trinh thuy phan, acid hda, acetate hda va methane hda, SS nghiem thUcB, g l i m rd ret Ke't qua d lan thi nghiem cd hieu qua xu" ly SS cao hdn lan thf nghiem thU nhat Tuy nhien, ve b i n chat, nghiem thUc B, deu the hien ke't q u i cao hdn nghiem thUc ddi chUng Bo 5.3.3 DiSn bien COD (mg/l) theo thdi gian d lan thfnghiem thd2: D i e n bien liiiaN Vi 55 60 Hinh 14: D i l n bien COD (mg/l) theo thdi gian d hai nghiem thUc lan thf nghiem thU TUdng tu nhu lan thf nghiem thU nhat, didn bien COD d hai nghiem thUe cung tang cao so vdi COD vao khoang 10-15 dau Tai thU 10, nghiem thUe B, ed COD tang vUdt mUe ban dau la 6500 mg/l, cd nghTa la dat 17060 mg/l so vdi 10560 mg/l dau, cao hdn ea sU tang COD cung thdi diem tai nghiem thUc Bo (Bo tang, nhUng chi dat 13674 mg/l - tang 3114 mg/l so vdi d i u tai nghiem thUc nay) Thdi diem chfnh la luc qua trinh thuy phan dien manh me, cdng vdi viec vi sinh vat ky khf chua thfch nghi vdi mdi trudng , chUa ke den su sdng sdt cua mpt bd phan nhd eac loai vi sinh vat hieu khi, thieu cd nUdc thai d i u vao ehua kjp m i t di Tat ca cae nguyen nhan dd, lam COD cua nUdc thai tang • 31 • Tip san KHOA HOGS CONG NGHE dang ke Ke tU sau 15 den 20 ngay, COD cd dau hieu giam, nhien, v i n cdn cao so vdi lUdng COD ban d i u Cudi thf nghiem 20, tai nghiem thUc Bo, COD la 10905 mg/l, giam dan cdn lai 4305 mg/l vad cudi thU 30 TU thU 30 trd di, dd thj d i i n bien COD khdng g l i m dot bien nUa Qua trinh g l i m COD d i i n cham chap, dat 2768 mg/l vao thU 60 Hieu qua khC/ COD d nghiem thUc Bo la 73,79% Qua trinh d i i n tUdng tU, tai nghiem thUc B,, cudi thdi diem 60 sau nghien cUu, COD chi cdn lai 1656 mg/l Hieu s u i t khLf COD tai nghiem thUc B, bd sung ba mia la 84,32 % Nhin chung, bien thien COD theo thdi gian tai nghiem thUc tai l i n nghien cUu thU hai cung tUdng tu Sd vdi l i n thf nghiem thU nhat Cd the t h i y vai trd cua viec bd sung them ba mfa vao he thdng xC/lynUdc t h i i chan nudi Cdn tai nghiem thUc B,, BOD5 tang cao nhat tai thU 10 (11601 mg/l), Sau dd, tU sau thU 10 trd di, BOD5 giam nhanh den cudi 30 (2479 mg/l) TU 30 den thU 45, BOD5 giam rat nhe, khoang ban d i u la 2118 mg/l xudng cdn 1863 mg/l Ngay thU 50, BOD5 giam nhanh so vdi giai doan trUdc nd (cdn 1231 mg/l) Sau 60 nghien cUu, BQD5 nghiem thUc B, cdn lai la 1126 mg/l Hieu qua khL/ BODjCua nghiem thUc B, la 81,32% Ke't thuc 60 nghien cUu, hieu qua khi!/ BOD5 tai nghiem thUc Bo t h i p hdn tai nghiem thUe B, la 7,53% 5.3.5 DiSn bien T-NK (mg/l) theo thdi gian d lan thfnghiem thd2: Di«n bien T - N (mg/l) nghiem tbttc B, \ a Bi lan thi nghiem thii : - ^ T r ; - B ' l i l l i c | i - • - T N - B I iiilgli] 5.3.4 DiSn bien BOD, (mg/l) theo thdi gian d lan thf nghiem thd 2: i i i / ^', \ , 1 ,,ii:Zr-^-'^^ Dien bien B ( ) l ) « ' m g / l ) nghiem thuc Ity M,'t Itj Iron s Z.''"' " ~~»„ ' ^ lan thi nghiem thtr >—^-.j^ 12000 • = 10000 t -^B':iD-^-B'Hni(ih i H I - B - ' n - - B I inifi ll Ngay Ngay Nga,'Ngav Ngay Ngay Ngay NgayNg,ay MgayNgay'Kga>Kgav 10 1,5' 2ii' 25' 30' 35' 40 45' 5!)' 55' SO 1 [_ i A 8000 NOAV Hinh 16: Diin bien T-Nk (mg/l) thee thdi gian d hai nghiem IhUc l i n thf nghiem thU Nhan thay, 10 d i u tai nghiem thUe NgayNg.is'NgavNgav Ngay Ng.ayNm'NgayNgiiy Ngay Ngay VgayNgay o' 10 15 20 2? ,?0 ?•> ' 45 50 55 60 B,, Ni-td gia tang nhanh so vdi gia trj 166,67 mg/l, dat 334,1 mg/l Sau dd, giam nhanh va dat gia tri 168,3 mg/l vao cudi nghien cUu thU 15 Ke tU thU 20 trd di, tU gia tri Ni-td la 117,8 mg/l giam deu dan ve gia trj 47,4 mg/l vao cudi thU 60 Hinh 15: D i i n bien BOD5 (mg/l) theo thdi gian d Hieu qua khL/ Ni-td nghiem thUc B, la hai nghiem thUc lan thf nghiem thU 71,56% Trong nghiem thUc Bo, Ni-td cung tang TUdng tU nhU dien bien BOD5 lan nghien khoang thdi gian d i u - luc xay qua trinh thuy cUu thU nhat, BOD5 lan lUdt bien thien theo chieu phan Tuy nhien, Ni-td tang cao nhat vao cudi 15 hudng: tang khoang 10 d i u anh ngay, dat gia tri 217,5 mg/l - thap hon mudc tang cao nhat cua Ni-td tai nghiem thUc B, (la 334,1 hudng qua trinh thuy phan, giam nhOng tiep theo qua trinh len men acid, len men mg/l - dat tai thU 10) Cudi 60 nghien cUu, hieu qua khC/ Ni-td tai nghiem thUc Bo la methane ed nghTa la lUdng BOD5 da dUdc chuyen 64,9% So sanh vdi hieu qua khL/ Ni-to hda nhUng dang s i n pham khac qua nghiem thUc B,, ta thay ban d i u , ba mia tiet mpt trinhchuyen hda lUdng Ni-td vao he thdng XL/ ly, nhung sau dd, co Tai nghiem thUc ddi chUng Bo, BOD5 giam nhanh den thU 45 (2064mg/l) TU 45 ve che dung hda va h i p thu Ni-td cua vi sinh vat da gdp phan lam giam Ni-tdtrong nghiem thUcB, sau, BOD5 tiep tuc giam nhUng giam r i t nhe so vdi tdc dp giam trUdc dd Hieu q u i khd BOD5 cua 5.3.6 DiSn bien T-P (mg/l) theo thdi gian d lan thi nghiem thUcBo la 73,79% nghiem thd 2: ^ N ^ 4000 • = 2000 •"•-Irirt-}-* =m- u:f: r~i -• 32 • T i p sen KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Dien bien T - ' (nig/lHrong nghiem Ihiic B^ \ ii Bj liin tht nghiem thu r^^ —•^-^— ^ '^•ir ; • : - ] ã: ~-p- : *' ^T=ô= ='*" * \ : , Ng.ty ;^'gav Kga) Nga> Z.'g.iv '•^^i:iy Nga> Ngiiv Nga> Nga> J~.ga\ \'ga\ Ng.n 10 i5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Hinh 17: DiSn bien T-Nk (mg/l) theo thdi gian d hai nghiem thUc l i n thi nghiem thU T h j n h phan Ri()g»*i nghiem I h u t B I lan thi nghiem thu li;]i Hinh 19: Thanh phan hon hop Biogas NTBolanthi nghiem nghiem thUc Bo, 15 d i u cua nghien cUu, T-P tang so vdi gia trj ban dau (gia trj Nhan thay, phan Methane sinh cao nhat la 40,1 mg/l tai thU nghien cUu) Ttrong nghiem thi/c deu cao hdn 50%, ket qua nay, phu hdp vdi nhufng ket luan ly thuyet ve P tai nghiem thUc Bo giam rd ret nhat 35 phan khf h6n hdp Biogas dau (tU 38,2 mg/l vao d i u - cdn 26,8 mg/l vad thU 35) Sau dd, tU 40 trd di, tdc V (lit) va % dp tieu thu Phosphe cua vi sinh vat he thdng Hon hop Khi XL/ ly cham lai, tU 24,7 mg/l vao thU 40 , chi NTB, NTBo giam xudng cdn 22,8 mg/l vao thU 60 Hieu qua XL/ ly T-P d nghiem thUc Bo la 40,31 % L 9.895 10.352 Ddi vdi nghiem thUe B,, 30 d i u , sau qua trinh tang Phospho len gia tri 40,2 tai thdi diem sau nghien cUu, T-P nUde thai tiep tuc giam dat gia trj 22,4 mg/l tai thdi diem sau 25 Tai 30, T-P ed bieu hien tang nhe - dat 23,8 mg/l TU thU 40 trd di, T-P b i t d i u giam d i n va dat gia trj 20,4 mg/l vao thU 55 Hieu s u i t XL/ ly T -P Idn nhat tai thdi diem (46,34%) vi thU 60, T-P lai tang trd lai (20,5 mg/l) 5.3.7 Thanh phan Biogas sinh nghiem thdc: Bang: V khf hdn hdp khf Biogas nghiem thUe 5.3.8 Thanh phan hdn hdp khf Biogas sinh H:S KHAC' 0,003 ^Hftkl Biogas CH4 CO2 H2S Khac % L % L % ppm % L % 100 5.601 56.6 3.800 38.4 4976 0.005 0.490 5.00 100 6.087 58.8 3.571 34.5 2120 0.00212 0.691 6.7 Tai nghiem thUc Bo, methane sinh la 56,6% tai nghiem thUc B, la 58,8% TUdng tU ty trgng cac khf phan hdn hdp Biogas tai lan thf nghiem thU nhat, phan tram khf H^S tai nghiem thUc B, be hdn tai nghiem thUc B„ Hai lan thf nghiem khdng chenh lech nhieu ve mat sd lieu ChUng td,kha nang xC/ ly cua me hinh Biogas cd bd sung ba mfa, da cung c i p nhOng dieu kien thuan ldi eho he vi sinh vat nude thai phan huy cae c h i t hUucd mdt each thuan I d i n h i t I w i i IllHllllllllMlllllliiilUllllit CH4 S6,6 Thiinb p h i n Biogas frong h:u nghiem thuc B» inn thi nghiem t h u hiti Hinh 18: Thanh p h i n hdn hdp khf Biogas NT Bo lan thf nghiem 5.4 So sanh ddi chieu ket qua va ban luan: 5.4.1 VS hieu qua xd ly cda mo hinh Biogas truyen thdng Kha nang XL/ ly cua md hinh Biogas truyen thdng tai hai nghiem thUe B„ sau lan thf nghiem la cd sd de ke't luan ve kha nang xC/ ly cua md hinh Bidgas truyen thdng Hieu qua XL/ ly SS lan thf nghiem thU nhat dat • • 33 Tip sin KHOA HOCK CONG NGHE 74,91% va l i n thU hai dat 71,06% thdi gian, deu la gia trj hieu s u i t tdi Uu sau 60 nghien cUu Hieu q u i khd SS cua md hinh truyen thdng dat tU 70-75% Ddi vdi hieu s u i t XL/ ly COD, sau 60 XL/ ly, hai l i n thi nghiem l i n lUdt cho ket qua la 75,95% va 73,79% Vay, hieu q u i khd COD cua md hinh truyen thdng la tU 73 - 76% TUdng tU, hieu qua khd BOD5 cung n i m khoang tU 70 - 71 % d sau lan nghieneUu Qua trinh khd Ni-td dat hieu qua cao nhit sau 60 l i n lUdt la 67,12% va 64,9% sau l i n nghien cUu NhUvay, md hinh Biogas truyen thdng cd kha nang loai bd tU 64 - 68% Ni-td nude thai chan nudi qua trinh xdly Hieu qua khd P la t h i p nhit so vdi hieu qua khd cac thdng sd d nhiim khac, chi dat 41,62 tai lan thf nghiem thU nhat va 40,31% tai lan thf nghiem thU 2, gia trj tdi Uu dd ghi nhan thdi gian 45 - 50 Dieu chUng td, sU tieu thu P cua he vi sinh vat ky khf ft hdn nhieu so vdi tieu thu ngudn cd chat khac eho hoat ddng sdng cua nd Ve kha nang loai bd vi khuan gay benh, Tdng Coliform sau qua trinh xd ly la 60 chi cdn 120 X 10" CFU/IOOml tai l i n va 220 xlO" CFU/IOOml tai l i n Dat 99,94% va 99,89% Ket qua the hien kha nang loai bd vi sinh vat gay benh nude thai cua qua trinh phan huy ky khf, sau cac qua trinh len men acid, len men methane, tren 99% visinh vat gay benh dUdc loai bd khdi nudcthai Ve kha nang sinh khf, sau l i n nghien cUu, lUdng Methane sinh tU thf nghiem lan lugt la 54,5% va 56,6% so vdi tdng lUdng khf sinh sau 60 nghien eUu Thanh phan khf H^S (san pham ed hai qua trinh len men ky khf) chi chiem 0,005% tdng luong sinh Nhin chung, hieu qua xU ly sau 60 cua md hinh Biogas truyen thdng cdn kha cao so vdi tieu chuan, neu ddng thai dUdc thai mdi trUdng, thi v i n de nhiim mdi trudng v i n xay 5.4.2 Ve hieu qua xu ly cOa mo hinh Biogas bd sung ngan loc bing ba mia nang cao hieu qua xd ly Ve ed che xd ly chat thai nUdc thai chan nudi, md hinh Biogas cai tien b i n g each them vat lieu ba mfa vao ngan d i u cua be phan huy tUdng tu nhu mo hinh Biogas truyen thdng Trong thdi gian XL/ ly, ba mfa tiet mpt p h i n c h i t hUu cd (dUdng saccharose, lignin, ) lam t i i cac thdng sd d nhiim gia tang Tuy nhien, sau qua trinh thich nghi cua vi sinh vat, ty le C/N dUdc can b i n g , thi hieu qua xd ly tang cao so vdi md hinh truyen thdng Qua l i n nghien cUu, tdng hdp ket qua d hai nghiem thU B, cho ket qua nhusau: Hieu q u i xd ly SS l i n thf nghiem thU n h i t dat 84,77% va l i n thU hai dat 83,11% thdi gian, deu la gia tri hieu s u i t tdi Uu sau 60 nghien cUu Hieu q u i khu SS cua md hinh nghien cUu nang cao dat tu 83-85% Ddi vdi hieu s u i t xd ly COD, sau 60 xd ly, hai l i n thfnghiem l i n luotchc ket q u i la 85,23% va 84,32% Hieu qua khd COD tai day la tU 84 - 86% TUdng tU, hieu qua khd BOD5 cung n i m khoing tU 83 - 86% d sau l i n nghien cUu Qua trinh khd Ni-to dat hieu qua cao nhat sau 60 l i n lUdt la 74,14% va 71,56% sau lan nghien cUu Nhu vay, md hinh Biogas cai tien cd kha nang loai bd tU 70 - 75 % Ni-td nUdc thai chan nudi qua trinh xd ly Hieu qua khd P la t h i p nhat so vdi hieu qua khd cae thdng sd d nhiim khac, Sau 50 xd ly, hieu qua dattdi Uu la 48% tai hai nghiem thUcB, Ve kha nang loai bd vi khuan gay benh, Tdng Coliform sau qua trinh xd ly la 60 chi cdn 220 x 10' CFU/IOOml va 340x10' CFU/IOOml Dat 99,89% va 99,83% Ve kha nang sinh khi, sau l i n nghien cUu, luong khf Methane sinh ratU thi nghiem l i n lUdt la 55,5% va 58,8% so vdi tdng lUdng khf sinh sau 60 nghien cUu Thanh p h i n H^S ( s i n pham cd hai qua trinh len men ky khf) chi chiem 0,001% va 0,00212% tdng lUdng sinh TU dd, ta thay hieu qua xd ly cua md hinh Biogas nghien cUu nang cao hieu qua xd ly nude thai chan nudi heo bang each bd sung vat lieu ba mfa ludn cho ket qua ve kha nang loai bd c h i t d nhiim cao hdn md hinh Biogas truyen thdng tU 11% Dieu dd, ta t h i y rang, bd sung ba mia la can thiet ve y nghla mdi trUdng l i n y nghla kinh te LUdng khf methane sinh nhieu hdn (tU -2%), HjS sinh ft hdn so vdi md hinh truyen thdng (tU lin), tan dung dUOc lUdng phe pham ndng nghiep lam vat lieu qua trinh xd ly la nhung cdng ma ket qua nghien cUu cua de tai the hiendUdc Bang: Ddi chieu trung binh hieu qua xd ly hai l i n thfnghiem Chi tieu SS COD BOD TN TP Coliform Hieu qua nang cao(%) 83-85 84-86 84-86 71-75 4849 99,89% 71-76 74-76 74-76 65-68 41-42 99.94% Hieu qua doichihig (%) 34 • • KET LUAN-KIEN NGH! 6.1 Ket luan: Viec bd sung ba mfa vac nghien cUu la c i n thiet vi tao dUdc ti le C/N thich hdp cho qua trinh phan huy ky khf d i i n md hinh biogas LUdng biogas sinh cd p h i n khf methane vUdt trdi hdn sd dung md hinh biogas cd bd sung ba mfa (cao hdn tU - 2%), lUdng khf HjS giam tu - l i n sd vdi md hinh truyen thdng (sau 60 nghien cUu) Sau 60 ngay, hieu qua xd ly SS, COD, BOD^ cda me hinh bidgas cai tien cd bd sung ba mfa deu dat tren 90%, cao hdn tU - 1 % sd vdi md hinh truyen thdng Loai bd tren 70% Ni-td, tUdng dUdng 50% Phosphore, 99,9% Tdng Coliform nudc thai Thdi gian xd ly kha lau, p h i n chat d nhiim cdn kha cao ddng thai sau xd ly la nhUng tdn tai cua nghien cdu Nhu vay, cd the Ung dung viec bd sung ba mfa vao ngan d i u tien cda md hinh biogas vdi lUdng nUdc thai ma ndng hd hien ed de nang cao kha nang sinh khfva thu dUdc lUdng khf nhieu hdn phuc vu chd nhUng nhu c i u khac cda ndng hd Tip san KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE qua xdly Do dieu kien van chuyen, de tai cdn ban che nen khdng the theo doi thudng xuyen phan % cac khf (nhat la khf Methane) thee thdi gian Cae nghien cdu tiep sau nen chia nhd cac thdi diem k h i d sat phan % cae khf bidgas (nhat la khf Methane) de t h i y rd hdn sU thay ddi C i n tang cUdng sd l i n lap lai cho mdi thi nghiem Cd the lap lai ba lan theo thdi gian hay md rdng nghien cdu lap lai ba l i n theo nghiem thUe Trong ap dung thUc tien, c i n tang cUdng khau hudng dan quy trinh, chuyen giao cdng nghe cho ndng hd chan nudi xay l i p , van hanh md hinh Tang eUdng cae giai phap quan ly (tuyen truyen, giao due, cudng che ) quan ly ddng thai Hudng nghien cdu tiep theo: trien khai nghien cdu thuc t i i n tren quy md Idn hdn, cd the nghien eUu phdi trdn them than luc binh thay the ba mfa vao be Biogas lam c h i t ddn qua trinh xd ly, nghien cUu thdi gian thay ddi ba mfa qua trinh xd ly de dam b i d hieu qua cda c i qua trinh, phan Ket luan cudi cung nhin nhan lai tfnh kha thi cua viec bd sung ba mfa vao md hinh biogas va viec ap dung hd thUc vat de xd ly nude thai chan nudi hoan toan bang cdng nghe sinh hdc, khdng tieu thu hda chat hay b i t cd che pham sinh hdc thj trudng nao ca tich them mpt sd chi tieu quan khac ( N - Ket qua cua de tai giup ta nhin nhan lai y nghTa khoa hoc cua mdt cdng nghe xd ly chat thai khdng mdi nhung mang tfnh thUc tidn, tfnh kinh te, tfnh than thien mdi trUdng va tinh nhan van cda de tai TU dd, gdp p h i n k h i c phuc tinh trang nhiem mdi trudng dd chan nudi tai cac ndng hdchan nudi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 6.2 Kien nghi TU nhUng tdn tai cua de tai, tac gia kien nghi nhUng v i n de van hanh md hinh nhUsau: Chu che dp khuay trdn md hinh mpt each thudng xuyen, dam bao c h i t hUu cd va vi sinh vat trdn deu vao nhau, tang cUdng hieu qua xd ly Cd the nghien cdu bd sung them mdt vai che pham sinh hoc phan huy ky nUdc t h i i vao md hinh de tang eUdng hieu qua xd ly Cung ed the sd dung chat mdi, la hdn hdp bun cua cae cdng trinh xd ly ky khf khac, tao dieu kien chd vi sinh vat nhanh thfch nghi va ddng thdi cung nang cac hieu nitrite, N - nitrate, N - Amonia ) de danh gia sau s i c va toan dien hieu qua cda de tai Tran Ddc Ha - Dd Van Hai Cd Sd Hoa Hoc Qua Trinh Xd Ly NUdc Cap Va Nudc Thai NXB Khoa Hdc Ky Thuat Ha Npi, 2002 Doan Thai Hoa Giao Trinh Bao Ve Moi Trudng Trong Cdng Nghiep Bdt Giay va Giay NXB Khoa Hoe Ky Thuat Ha Ndi, 2005 Trjnh Xuan Lai Thiet Ke Cac Cong Trinh Xd Ly Nude Thai - Cong ty tU van cap thoat nude sd NXB Xay DUng Ha Ndi, 2000 LUdng DUe Pham Cong nghe xd ly nudc thai bang bien phap sinh hoc NXB Giao Due, 2003 Lam VTnh Sdn Giao trinh Ky thuat xu ly nudc thai Dai hgc Ky Thuat Cdng Nghe Tp Hd Chi Minh ... phat sinh nghiem thUc B, deu nhieu hdn so vdi nghiem thUc Bo TU ke''t qua phan tfch khf b i n g may GA94, ta thay r i n g , lUdng khf sinh tai nghiem thUc B, ed phan nhieu hdn lUdng khf sinh tai... loai bd vi sinh vat gay benh nude thai cua qua trinh phan huy ky khf, sau cac qua trinh len men acid, len men methane, tren 99% visinh vat gay benh dUdc loai bd khdi nudcthai Ve kha nang sinh khf,... Methane sinh tU thf nghiem lan lugt la 54,5% va 56,6% so vdi tdng lUdng khf sinh sau 60 nghien eUu Thanh phan khf H^S (san pham ed hai qua trinh len men ky khf) chi chiem 0,005% tdng luong sinh