Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thuat mo quoc te Zulu Cong nghiep mo tien tiin vi su phat triin bin vung D A N H G I A D 0 A N T O A N C U A D A P C H A N Q U A N G T H A I D U A T R E N P H U T J N G P H A P A[.]
Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc mo tien ki thuat tiin mo quoc vi su phat te - triin Zulu bin vung D A N H G I A D A N T O A N C U A DAP C H A N Q U A N G T H A I DUA TREN PHUTJNGPHAP A H P GS.TS Wang YingBo Dai hoc K y thuat L i e u N i n h , Fuxin, Trung Quoc Tom tat: Bai bao trinh bay phuong phap danh gid hop ly vd khoa hoc mice an toan, nhan biet nguy co vd thiet lap he thdng danh gid an toan cua dap chan quang thdi, dua tren phan tich vd tong hop cdc yeu to nguy co mat an toan cua dap chan Ngoai ra, bdi bao ciing neu so dd cau true tran nhd dap mau danh gid tong hop tap md duqc thiet lap nhd dinh lupng tieng yeu to nhan dupe ma danh gid vd xu ly tap md Bdi bao neu co sd khoa hoc ciia cdng tac quan ly an toan dap chan tien hanh tinh toan vd nhan dupe cdc kit qua sd dung md hinh danh gid mice an toan ciia chan quang thai Tir khoa: Dap chdn quang thdi, danh gid an toan, hi thdng chi sd danh gid, danh gid tap md Hien nay, Trung Qudc dang co 10000 dap chan quang thai Dap chan quang thai la ngudn nguy co cao tiern an nguoi gay Dap b i v d se gay tham hoa khung k h i l p , lam thiet hai cho san xu£t c6ng nghiep va ndng nghiep, t6n that tinh mang va tai san cua dan cu khu vuc Do vay, c£n ap dung cac bien phap thich hop d l danh gia su nguy h i l m cua dap chan, t i m giai phap xay dung dap chan va xir l y d i l u hanh phat hien cac y l u to' nguy co cd t h i xay ra, dua cac chuong trinh cdng nghe an toan hop l y va linh hoat cd sd khoa hoc, de xuat cac giai phap quan ly an toan, nham loai trir cac su cd, dam bao van hanh an toan dap chan quang thai He thdng c h i so d a n h gia an toan cua dap chan quang t h a i m d He thdng chi sd danh gia d6 an toan hop l y la then chd't de danh gia d6 an toan dap chan quang thai Viec lua chon chi sd danh gia cd t h i tac dong true tiep t d i ke't luan danh gia tdng hop HS thdng chi sd danh gia dd an toan dap chan quang thai duoc thiet lap dua tren su phan tich cd he thdng cac y l u t d nguy co v d dap, ap dung cac dinh l y va nguyen l y co ban d l t h i l t lap he thdng chi sd danh gia d6 an toan [1~4] (Bang 1) Sir phan b d t r o n g luong t r e n dap chdn quang thai a tat ca cac mire dua t r e n c h i sd danh gia an toan 2.1 Thiet lap so cau true danh gia dap chdn quang t h a i T h i l t lap so dd he thdng ca'u true theo so dd phan tich m d i quan he gitra cac y l u td khac he thdng [ - ] : M u c cao nha't: M u c chi phan tich mdt phan la'y lam mile chung va dd la muc tiSu du dinh hoac k i t qua mong mudn, nhu vay mtic cung duoc b i l t la muc dich; Muc giua: Mtic bao gdm thuc hidn muc tieu hen quan t d i cac lien he trung gian, cd t h i duoc thuc hien bdi m6t sd ldp, muc cung duoc b i l t la mdc tieu chuan; Mtic thap nhat: Mtic dat tdi muc tieu d l chon tir n h i l u phep do, theo cac chuang trinh q u y l t dinh xir ly M d c cung dugc b i l t la ldp hay la mdc n l n 2.2 T h a n h lap m a t r a n bang phep so sanh tung cap cau t r u e Thuc hien so sanh tirng cap cac phan tir quan khac tr£n cung mtic so dd ca'u true, sir dung tieu chuan cho theo ma tran ca'u true danh gia so sanh tiing cap: 686 Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc mo tien kT thuat tien md quoc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben vung xac dinh cac cap phan tit ddi ngugc theo utm quan cua cap va phan dinh; hai phah tir, n i u cd tam quan ngang nhau, sau k h i so sanh, dugc b i l u thi a,j=l hai phah tir, n i u phah tir trudc kh6ng quan bang phan tir sau, dugc b i l u thi ay=3 hai phah tir, n i u phah t u trudc quan hon phah tir sau, dugc b i l u thi ajj=5 hai phah tir, n i u phah tir trudc quan hon n h i l u phah tir sau, dugc bieu thi a;j=7 hai phah tu, n i u p h l n tir trudc quan hon han phah tir sau, dugc bieu thi ajj=9 Gia t r i trung binh lan can la'y ddi vdi cac trudng hop tren ay=2,4,6,8 N i u ty le tam quan cua p h l n tir i va ph£n tur j la ay, thi ty le t i m quan cua phah tir j va ph£n tir i la a;j= /a^ danh gia so sanh ca'u true ma tran theo cap Bang He thong chi so danh gid an toan cua dap chan quang thdi Do an toan cua dap chan quang thai V i tri dap chan Dia cha'tcOng trinh Dia cha't thuy van Dia hinh M i trudng xung quanh dap Cha't luong thilt k l Cha't luong xay dung A n toan van hanh Su kien tac dOng Quan l y n6i b6 md Lua chon k i l u dap chan Tich tu sudn dap/ ddc phia ngoai C h i l u cao dap chan C h i l u dai T h i cong Nguyen vat lieu xay dap Cha't lugng xay dung cac phuong ti6n xa l u Cha't luong xay dung cac phuong ti6n phong ngira rd r i dap chan Sadd td chiic va trach nhiem tuong ung Thuc hien k i l m tra an toan Tieu chuan ky thuat va cac thu tuc an toan Hua'n luyen va dao tao k y thuat an toan K l hoach ung phd khan ca'p cac tinh hudng an toan D6ng da't Bao td Thdi t i l t xa'u - Mua to gid ldn Tran quang thai xung Kieu t h i l t k l dap chan cua md bd quang khd tdi t h i l u K i l u phuong ti6n phong ngira rd n K i l u phuong tiSn quanh mieng b l chtra Cha't lugng t h i l t k l dap chan md Chat lugng bao tri dap chan cua md xa l u Ddi vdi tieu chuan C, hai phah tir u and u dua tren phan tir nao quan hon va tinh cha't quan Uong t h i nao, phu hop v d i cac cap phan tir, ddi c h i l u tam quan trgng theo ca'p va theo su phan dinh s Nhu vay, d day: j? A=(aij) „ m x ay la Uj, va uj, cd lien he vdi C v l tam quan theo c£p dd va theo su phan dinh 2.3 T i n h toan ma t r a n vecta t r o n g sd de xac d i n h muc dong nhat cua phep t h u (1) Tinh toan vecta lugng 687 Hdi nghi Cdng nghiep khoa hoc ki thuat md qudc ti md tien tiin vi su phat triin - 2010 ben viing Theo n phan tir cua lop u i , u , » u doi vdi tieu chuan xac dinh ma tran A , t i m muc cua n chung ddi vdi tieu chuan theo luong tuong ddi w i , w , , w , sd tuong quan cd t h i dugc viet d dang vecta, nhu la co = ( w i , w , » w ) n T n Day la phuong phap sir dung each giai ma tran tich gia t r i rieng A d l xac dinh tinh cha't ciia cac va'n di gdc A co=X co max d day: la gia t r i rieng A ldn nha't, co la vecta dac d i i m tuong thich Gia t r i co nhan dugc tii vecta sd dan v i cd t h i can luu y (2) xac dinh muc dd ddng nha't ciia phep thir ma tran Tinh toan chi sd ddng nha't C.I C.I.= ( J t ^ - n ) / ( n - ) d) Tinh toan t i l p tuong quan C R C.R.=C.I./R.I (2) R.I la gia U i chi sd ddng nha't n g l u nhien trung binh, neu d Bang Bang Chi so dong nhdt ngdu T RI T nhien 52 1.12 1.26 1.36 1.41 1.46 10 11 1.49 1.52 89 2.4 Xac d i n h t r o n g luong cua m d i chi so a mure chuong t r i n h Cac chi thi mtic chuang Uinh va phuong phap tinh toan vecta sd phep thir ddng nha't tuong tu phan tren M u c bd qua khOng d i l n giai [ - ] M d h i n h toan d a n h gia dap chair quang thai m d dung so dd cau t r u e tap m d He thdng chi sd danh gia dugc t h i l t lap, va cac chi thi trgng sd dugc duea 3.1 Xac d i n h tap hop khao sat Danh gia tap hop tung mtic la ngdn ngu dung d l m6 ta chi sd danh gia, la su danh gia thdng nha't cac chi thi khac tir y k i l n nhan xet ciia n h i l u ngudi dugc thu thap lai M l u dua tren su tac ddng tdi d6 an toan ciia dap chan quang thai theo cac y l u t d khac nhau, cudi cung se dugc phan ca'p Danh gia tap hgp khao sat chuyen biet: V = (nguy ca rat cao, nguy ca cao, nguy ca trung binh, ft nguy ca, nguy ca thap, nguy ca rat thap) = (vi» v , v , v , v , v ) 3.2 Xac d i n h m a t r a n danh gia tdng hop R 3.2.1 D a n h gia tdng hop cac budc (1) Danh gia tdng hop tir mtic thap nha't cua cac y l u t d khac (2) Bat dau tir mot mtic, t i l n hanh danh gia tdng hgp cac y l u t d khac nhau, tir ldp dudi len ldp tren, cho t d i ldp cudi cung; (3) Thu nhan cac k i t qua danh gia 3.2.2 Xac d i n h ma t r a n danh gia 688 Hdi nghi Cong nghiep khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te 2010 md tien tien vi su phat trien ben viing Trudc tien, thiet lap ma tran quan he tap mo* d l dua danh gia y l u to" don le Danh gia tdng hop tap m d cac yeu td khac nen tien hanh tir mire thap nha't, dua tren viec danh gia ddi tucmg theo mtic thap nhat cua cac y l u td Uy Mtic ma tran danh gia y l u td don le nhu sau 'ill l il2 r iq 'i21 'i22 'i2q ; Ri = (3) r iml r im2 imq Vecta danh gia tdng hap tap m d hai mtic D dugc tuih nhu sau: ; Di=Ai • Ri 'in 112 r.ilq i21 '122 r i2q l -(an, , ; a ) im r = (dii, d , —, a iml r im2 r imq ; di ) (4) q Vecta danh gia tdng hop tap m d m6t mtic D dugc tinh nhu sau: "D," A,*R, A *R R = - ( T ik ) m x (5) D = A*R A, *R, = A* A *R A = (dp m *R m d , —, d , —, d ) m k (6) q 689 Hdi nghi Cong khoa nghiep hoc md tien kT thuat tien md quoc vi su phat le - trien zuiu bin viing 3.3 K e t qua d a n h gia an toan cua dap chan quang thai Vecta D bieu t h i trang thai an toan bd t r i dap chan quang thai, va dd danh gia d6 an toan cua dap chan quang thai cd t h i dugc rut tit cac ket qua cua P: P = S]di+ s d2+ S3d3+ s d4+ s d + S6d6 d day: s b i l u t h i d i i m danh gia mtic dd an toan khi khi khi s= s= s= s= s= s= 40, mtic 55, mtic 65, mtic 75, mtic 85, mtic 95, mtic dd d6 dd d6 dd dd an toan dugc an toan dugc an toan dugc an toan dugc an toan dugc an toan dugc (7) danh danh danh danh danh danh gia la thap; gia la kha thap; gia la trung binh; gia la kha cao; gia la thap cao; gia la cao nhat U n g d u n g m d h i n h danh gia tdng hop Phuong phap A H P dugc ting dung d l danh gia dd an toan cua dap chan quang thai d Cong ty khai thac m d An-Shan ( A n San), md cd dap chan quang thai ldn 4.1 T i n h toan t r o n g lugng c h i sd danh gia mtic tieu chuan ai=0.0761, a =0.1012, a =0.1191, 34=0.3666, a =0.0466, 36=0.2905 4.2 T i n h toan t r o n g lugng m d i ldp chi sd a mure chuong t r i n h an= 0.4129 a i = 0.3862 a, =0.1802 a i=0.0560 a =0.0923 =0.0327 a ,=0.0176 a =0.2931 =0.4875 2 23 22 a i=0.2913 32 33 14 = 0.3005 24 a =0.0440 a =0.2133 a6,=0.4397 362=0.1478 363=0.4125 52 53 25 326=0.1124 34 344= 0.2010 43 a i=0.3742 = 0.4061 =0.2018 a =0.2145 342=0.1817 a =0.0207 345=0.1115 a =0.3685 54 Thuc hien v d i cung phuong phsp, cac chi thi lugng d mtic chuang trinh cd t h i nhan dugc bang chuan tac hoa 4.3 Xac d j n h ma t r a n danh gia theo diem sd chuyen gia D i l u kien bd tii dap chan quang thai: Ri = 0.100 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.200 0.100" 0.200 0.100 0.200 0.200 0.100 0.200 0.200 0.300 0.100 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.300 0.100 0.200 0.200 0.100 Tuong tu, cd the la R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 B i l u thtic cd t h i nhan dugc k h i sit dung ma tran D^ Bd t r i dap chan quang thai: Di = Ai*Ri T "0.100 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.200 0.200 0.100 0.200 0.1802 * 0.200 0.200 0.300 0.100 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.0207 0.100 0.300 0.100 0.200 0.200 0.100 0.4129" 0.3862 ( 1566, 2228, 0.1799, 1587, 1434, 1386) 690 r r unoa hoc kT thuat mo qudc te - 2010 mo tien tien vi su phat trien ben vung noi ngni Cong nghiep Tuomg tu, co t h i nhan dugc: D = ( , 0.1703, 0.2828, 1 , 0.1056, 0.0851) D = ( 1293, 2219, 2293, 1689, 1018, 1000) D< = ( 1383, 1585, 1818, 0.1942, 2160, 0948) Do = ( 0.1044, 0.2369, 0.2418, 0.1956, 0.1257, 0.0956) D = ( , 0.2000, 0.2148, 0.2440, 0.1588, 0.0973) Ldp ma tran danh gia tdng hop nhan dugc bang tinh toan xua't phat tir tieu chuah tren: R = D D D D D 0.1566 0.2228 0.1799 0.1587 0.1434 0.1386 0.0538 0.1703 0.2828 0.2611 0.1056 0.0851 0.1293 0.2219 0.2293 0.1689 0.1018 0.1000 0.1383 0.1585 0.1818 0.1942 0.2160 0.0948 0.1044 0.2369 0.2418 0.1956 0.1257 0.0956 0.0852 0.2000 0.2148 0.2440 0.1588 0.0973 Vecta lugng ldp tieu chua'n nhu sau: A = (0.0761, 0.1012 0.1191 0.3666 0.0466 ) Nhu vay, stir dung cdng thirc d l tinh toan ma tran cac y l u t d danh gia hai mtic (ma tran danh gia toan b6): D = A * R 0.0761 0.1566 0.2228 0.1799 0.1587 0.1434 0.1386" 0.1012 0.0538 0.1703 0.2828 0.2611 0.1056 0.0851 0.1293 0.2219 0.2293 0.1689 0.1018 0.1000 0.3666 0.1383 0.1585 0.1818 0.1942 0.2160 0.0948 0.0466 0.1044 0.2369 0.2418 0.1956 0.1257 0.0956 0.2905 0.0852 0.2000 0.2148 0.2440 0.1588 0.0973 0.1191 * = ( 1131, 1879, 2099, 2098, 1649, 0985) Tir b i l u thtic tren nhan dugc: d,=0 1131 d = 1131 d =0 2099 d =0 2098 d =0 1649 d =0 0985 Nhu vay, stir dung cdng thtic d l tinh d i i m danh gia d6 an toan cua dap chan quang thai: P=s d + s d + s d + s d + s d + s d =67.611 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tir cac d i i m sd danh gia an toan cua dap chan quang thai, xac dinh dugc rd dd an toan cua dap chan quang thai K i t qua danh gia mtic d6 an toan cudi ciing cua dap chan quang thai d COng ty khai thac m d A n San thudc mtic trung binh K e t luan K h i t i l n hanh danh gia mtic d6 an toan cua dap chan quang thai m d dua tren ca sd A H R cac du lieu sau can dugc xem xet day du: dia d i i m bd tri, t h i l t k l , xay dung, van hanh va phuong tien lam k i n dap chan, cac y l u td tac d6ng d i n su an toan cua dap chan, d i l u kien xa hdi, yeu cau m d i 691 Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tien md quOc vi su* phat te - trien 2010 bin viing trudng va cac y l u t d khac N h u vay, danh gia nhan dugc nhd sir dung nguyen l y A H P lien quan tdi cac ySu cau thuc te' Phucmg phap danh gia nuic dd an toan cua dap chan quang thai co the dugc ap dung de danh gia tinh trang an toan cua dap chan, phat hien cac m d i lien ket ye'u Uong dap chan, d l xua't giai phap phong ngira va xir l y cd ca sd khoa hoc cac su cd dap chan Phuong phap cung cd t h i dugc ap dung d l tang cudng cdng tac an toan, dua cac quy tac, quy dinh va luat an toan dap chan quang thai, nang cao trach nhiem td chiic d i l u hanh quan l y , canh bao va du bao sdm sir cd, phat hien kip thdi cac nguy ca mat an toan dap chan quang thai, hudng dan quan l y va cd k l hoach cai thien cdng tac an toan dap chan quang thai m d thuc t l Tdi lieu tham khdo [1] JI Hong-juan, Y A N G Chun-he, Z H A N G Chao2 Index system o f environmental impact o f tailings pond and application o f assessment approach[J] Rock and Soil Mechanics ,2008, ( ) :pp.2087~2091.( in Chinese) [2] L I Quanming, W A N G Yunhai, Z H A N G Xingkai Analysis o f disastrous factors concerning tailing dam failing and research on risk index system[J] Journal o f Safety Science and Technology, V o l No 3, pp.50, Jun, 2008.(in Chinese) [3] Wang Tao , Guo Zhenshi2 Discusses on the identification o f dangerous harmful factors and safety management measures in tailings pond[J] G O L D Vol.29, N o pp: 51~55.( in Chinese) [4] Z H A N G X i n g k a i , W A N G Qiming,GUI Xiangsheng Analysis o f current safety situation o f metal and non-metal tailing pond[J] Journal o f safety Science and Technology Vol.2, No.2 pp:60~62 2006 (in Chinese) [5] LU Tinggang , MUO Yangang , YIN L in DISCUSSION ON ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AND APPROACH TO SAFETY ACTUAL ITY OF TAIL IN G POND[J] MINING & METALLURGY Vol,14.No,3 pp-60~62 2005 (in Chinese.) [6] W A N G Zhijun Research progress and prospect in risk assessment o f reservoir dam in China [J] Dam and Safety 2008,3 pp: 15-19,( in Chinese.) [7] W A N G Tao, H O U Kepeng The safety management and environmental protection o f tailings pond[J] China M i n e Engineering Vol.37,No.3, pp-38~42, Jun,2008,( in Chinese) [8] C H E N Qing, X I E Zhen hua, JIN Long zhe Synthetic Assessment on Environmental Quality of Tailing Pond Based on Fuzzy Mathemati[J] Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2006,32 ( ) :pp.39-41 (in Chinese) [9] T.L Satty Decision Making The Analytic Hierarchy And Network Processes (AHP/ANP).Journal o f System Science and Systems Engineering V o l 13,No pp 1-35, March, 2004 [10] G U A N Fu-lai, L I A N G Qun Appling analytical hierarchy process to determine the priority degrees o f exploiting climatic resources on Chaoyang city[J] Meteorological Monthly, 1997, 23(9): pp.35-3 (in Chinese) 692 ... t i m quan cua phah tir j va ph£n tir i la a;j= /a^ danh gia so sanh ca''u true ma tran theo cap Bang He thong chi so danh gid an toan cua dap chan quang thdi Do an toan cua dap chan quang thai... 3.3 K e t qua d a n h gia an toan cua dap chan quang thai Vecta D bieu t h i trang thai an toan bd t r i dap chan quang thai, va dd danh gia d6 an toan cua dap chan quang thai cd t h i dugc rut... Tir cac d i i m sd danh gia an toan cua dap chan quang thai, xac dinh dugc rd dd an toan cua dap chan quang thai K i t qua danh gia mtic d6 an toan cudi ciing cua dap chan quang thai d COng ty