Q NHI fNG VAN DE CHUNG VE OUAN LY m Udgmfihap xmfdi/nifmng tlmmM DAT TIEU CHI'''' VE MOI TRUdNG LTS De gop phan cung cap thong tin ve cac tieu chi xay dufng nong thon mdi 6 tinh Vinh Long Thong tin khoa[.]
m Q NHI-fNG VAN DE CHUNG VE OUAN LY Udgmfihap.xmfdi/nifmng.tlmmM DAT TIEU CHI' VE MOI TRUdNG LTS: De gop phan cung cap thong tin ve cac tieu chi xay dufng nong thon mdi tinh Vinh Long Thong tin khoa hgc va cong nghe VTnh Long xin trfch gidi thieu cac giai phap xay diing nong thon mdi dat tieu chi've moi trUdng Noi dung dUdc tUdc trfch ti^ Thong tin khoa hoc ky thuat chuyen de "Xay dUng nong thon mdi d VTnh Long" Sd Tai nguyen va Moi trudng bien scan, Lien Hiep cac Hoi khoa hoc va ky thuat VTnh Long xuat ban T hyc hien Nghj quyet sd 26 5/8/2008 cua Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang va chUdng trinh hanh dgng cua Tinh uy ve phat trien ndng nghiep - ndng dan - ndng thdn, tinh VTnh Long da tap trung thyc hien chUdng trinh vdi quyet tam la den nam 2015 toan tinh cd 21 xa dat 19 tieu chf cua xa ndng thdn mdi Theo "ChUdng trinh muc tieu qudc gia (MTQG) xay dyng nong thon mdi glal doan 2010 - 2020 va tam nhin den nam 2030", muc tieu den nam 2015: Nang cao thu nhap cua dan cU ndng thdn gap 1,8 - lan so vdl hien tai; Ty le lao dpng nong thon qua dao tao nghe, bdi dudng kien thdc nghe cac loai dat tren 30%, ty le lao dpng ndng nghiep cdn dudi 50%; Xay dung dUdc cd ban he thong giam sat nhiem moi trUdng nong thon, cd ban xii ly va ngan chan nhiem cac diem gay nhiem moi trUdng nghiem trgng, Xay dyng tren 20% sdxa dat tieu chuan ndng thdn mdl De dat dupe cac muc tieu tren, can thyc hien 19 tieu chi de xay dyng mo hinh ndng thon mdl Mdi trudng la 19 tieu chi dupc xem m xet, danh gia de dupe cdng nhan xa ndng thon mdl The nhung, de dat dupe tieu chi la dieu khdng he dPn gian Nd ddi hdi sy nd lyc khdng chi cua cac cap, cac nganh lien quan ma can phai co sy vao cupc cua toan xa hpi Tong quan thyc trang ve cac tieu chi ve mdl trudng cua tinh VTnh Long gdm: Ve tieu chf ty le ho dUdc sd dung nUdc sach hdp ve sinh dat tU 90%, dd ty ie hp suf dung nUdc sach theo quy chuan quoc gia dat tu 50% trd len De cung cap du nude sach cho ngadi dan sinh boat va san xuat, nhQng nam qua cac cap, nganh, dja phUdng, ddn vj da trien khai nhieu glal phap cung cap nudc sach va han che nhiem ngudn nude; ddng thdi day manh tuyen truyen ve viec bao ve ngudn nude va ve sinh mdl trudng nong thdn, bcio dam "an sach, udng sach", phdng, chong djch benh Theo bao cao so 217/BC-SNN&PTNT cua Sd Ndng nghiep va phat trien nong thdn; ket qua dieu tra, danh gia nadc sach & VSMT tinh Vinh Long nam 2010 cho thay: Ti le hp dan nong thdn sd dung nudc hpp ve sinh la: 54,37%, dd ty le hp dan ndng thon sQ dyng nude sach dap dng Quy chuan Qudc gia ve nudc sach Bp Y te ban hanh theo QCVN 02:2009-BYT dat 28,42% Tuy da cd nhQng ket qua dang ghi nhan tren nhung thyc te cho thay de cung cap nguon nude sach, hpp ve sinh cho ngUdl dan ndng th6n dat tieu chf de ra, tinh v i n cdn phai ddi mat vdl nhieu thach thdc dd cd van de nhJem ngudn nudc mat Ddi vdl nguon nude mat, qua ket quci quan trac cua nganh Tai nguyen Mdi trudng; nguon ffiOSS3®'UJM S S M aioXS w l ONG (Q NGHE VINH LONG SO - 2011 Q NHLfNG VAN DE CHUNG VE OUAN LY nude mat tren cac song, rach tinh so vdi quy chuan ky thuat Viet Nam nhieu ndi da bj nhiem bdi cac chi tieu nhU: chat ran Id IQng, chat hQu cd, dam, vi sinh Tinh trang nhiem cd nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung chu yeu la tQ cac boat dpng sinh boat eua ngudi dan; td boat dgng san xuat ndng nghiep (chan nuoi, giet md, trgt, nudi thuy san ) tQ boat dgng y te; tQ cac cd sd san xuat, kinh doanh, khu cdng nghiep thai Ben canh dd, tinh dang ddi mat vdi van de nhiem man nudc song va nude ngam cang gia tang Cac cd sd sSn xuat kinh doanh dat tieu chuan ve moi trudng dat tU 80% trd len Theo tieu chf nay, cac cd sd san xuat kinh doanh deu phai tuan thu cac quy djnh phap luat ve b^o ve mdi trudng nhu: Phai cd ho sd mdl trudng va dUde cd quan tham quyen phe duyet hoac xae nhan theo qui djnh; TrUdng hdp phat sinh chat thai nguy hai phai lap ho so, dang ky quan ly chat thJii nguy hai theo dung qui djnh cua Bg TN&MT Hien tai, tren dia ban tfnh cac lang nghe truyen thdng, cac cd sd tieu thu cong nghiep, cac cd sd san xuat kinh doanh, ndng nghiep, xay dyng, thUdng mai va djch vu nam rai rac, xen ke khu vyc dan cu Theo ghi nhan cua Sd Cdng thUdng, cd 23 nganh nghe san xuat cdng nghiep cd tfnh nhay cam vdi mdi trudng nha: Che bien san xuat thudc la, san xuat phan bdn, gaeh gdm, hda dau, hda dUde chat thai ciia cac nganh cd kha nang gay nhiem mdi trudng cao neu khdng dUde quan tam quaniy Ben canh dd, thdi gian gan day viec md rgng cac trang trai chan nuoi cung vdi phong trao nuoi thuy san cong nghiep gia tang CQng tQ van de moi tradng phat sinh tai cac cd sd cang nhieu, anh hUdng xau den mdi trudng sinh thai nha: Mui hoi tQ phan gia sue, gia cam, nadc thai thai tryc tiep ngoai khong chi ^nh hadng khdng nho den sinh boat, s i n xuat cua cgng dong ma cdn dan den viec phat sinh nhieu khieu kien, anh hudng tinh lang nghTa xom Nhu vay, de xay dyng cac xa nong thon mdi dat tieu chf 80% ed sd san xuat kinh doanh dat tieu chuan moi trUdng ddi hdi cac doanh nghiep, cac cap, cac nganh nang eao y thQc trach nhiem va tang cUdng dau tU boat dgng bao ve mdi trudng; quan ly chat che chat thai, dong thdi cac nganh, cac cap phai tang eadng cdng tac kiem tra, tra va giam sat Khong cd cac boat dong gay suy giSm moi trUdng va chat thii, nUdc thii dUdc thu gom va xU ly theo quy djnh Theo tieu chf nay, tai cac xa ndng thdn mdi phai: Khae phuc cd ban tinh trang d nhiem ngudn nUde; Cham dQt nan dd rac thai, xa nudc thai chaa qua xQ ly dat tieu chuan mdi trudng vao cac song, rach, ao, ho; Sd dung hda chat, phan bdn, thudc bao ve thyc vat san xuat, bao quan san pham nong nghiep, thQc an va thuoc phdng trU djch benh chan nudi, nudi thuy san phai theo dungquydjnh NhQng nam qua tinh da cd nhieu giai phap thu gom va xQ ly rac thai sinh boat; HQdng dan, quan ly cac cd sd san xuat, kinh doanh chap hanh tot cac quy djnh phap luat ve bao ve mdl trudng; xd ly nghiem cac trudng hdp sal pham; tang cudng cac hoat ddng bao ve mdl trudng xanh, sach, dep, van dgng ngadi dan cung thyc hien Tuy nhien, viec ngan chan cac boat dgng gay suy giam moi tradng van chua triet de; mgt sd ndi gan khu cdng nghiep; cac lang nghe; cac khu vuc san xuat dang bj nhiem cue bg, anh hudng khong nhd den s i n xuat va ddi sdng cua ngudi dan; cac cd sd san xuat tieu thu cdng nghiep phan Idn cd qui mo san xuat nhd va theo truyen thdng thu cdng chua quan tam xQly chat thai Ben canh dd, phat trien nong thon mdi, rac la van de kha nan giii, nhat la tinh trang hien djch vu ve sinh mdi trudng d nong thon ehua phat trien manh, hien trang thu gom va xd ly rac thai tai tinh van cdn nhieu bat cap, da gay nhiem mdi trudng va ,^ iiiiM.4fliiiJ!^!!tWil.!MftfilTO^k^x#^TT/ni;^gi^fi.^^ m Q N H g N G VAN DE CHUNG VE OUAN LY anh hadng sQc khde cgng dong Nguyen nhan cua tinh trang tren mgt phan la y thQc ngadi dan chua eao va cac nganh cac cap chaa quan tam to chQc tdt cong tac quan ly rac NghTa trang nhan dan dUdc xay dung theo quy hoach: Du da c6 quy hoach nghTa trang nhan dan dupc cap c6 tham quyen phe duyet nha ti le cac xa da xay dyng NghTa trang theo quy hoach tile thap Thyc trang viec chon cat ngudi than van cdn phd bien rai rac khap ndi dat thupc hp, gia dinh ca nhan vQa mat my quan, thieu tdn nghiem, khong phu hdp cho BVMT sinh thai, khong phu hdp vdl sin xuat Vdl muc tieu hudng den xay dyng vung ndng thdn mdi cd ket hdp hai hoa glQa phat trien nong thdn va dd thj Ddng thdi, phat trien kinh te tat yeu se tao cac ap lyc ve mdi trudng Vi vay xay dyng ndng thon mdl dat tieu chf moi trudng se cd nhQng kho khan, thach thdc khdng nhd ddi vdl chung ta.Ve trach nhiem eua nganh, chung toi xin de xuat mpt sd giii phap sau: nhidm mdi trUdng ddi vdi bin than, gia dinh va cpng dong la cdng tic rat quan trpng NgUdl dan cd hieu, cd yeu mdi trUdng thi mdi co the giQ mdi trUdng ludn xanh, sach dep, mdl c6 the phat trien nen kinh te tinh ta ben vQng Long ghep phong trao "Toan dan tham gia bio ve mdl trUdng" vao cupc van dpng "Toan dan doan ket xay dyng ddi song van hda d khu dan cU" gdp phan tao cinh quan mdl trUdng thdng thoang va xanh - sach - dep Cu the nhu: quy djnh mpt tuan hoac thing lam tdng ve sinh chung cua moi khu vUc, xom Hudng dan mdl gia dinh nen cd spt chQa rac va ty phan loai ric, bd dung ndi quy djnh Phit dpng cic phong trao trdng cay xanh, phong trao lam ve sinh ndi cdng cpng, khu dan cu tap trung khai thdng cdng ranh, nhan cac sy kien mdl tradng nam ThU Hai, trien khai giai phap phat trien cgng dongxa hgi De thyc hien c6 hieu qua qui trinh xay dyng Ndng thon mdl phat huy dan chu, sufc sing tao cua nhan dan thi nhan to ngUdi can het sQc quan tam Trinh dp van hda ciia ThU Nhat, can day manh cong tac tuyen ngudi dan nong thon hien cdn thap cho nen viec phd bien chfnh sich thudng gap khdng ft truyen vebao ve moi trUdng khd khan De khae phuc ban che can: De nang cao nhan thQc va lam thay ddi Trudc tien hanh hd trp va dao tao can dupc nep suy nghT, phong tue, tap quan ve sinh tien hanh cic dieu tra xa hpi hpc ddi vdi cac cung nhu hanh vl, each sinh boat cua ngudi dan nong thdn ve bao ve mdi trUdng, thi cong nhdm ddi tUdng la: Can bp dia phUdng, cin bg tac tuyen truyen ve bio ve mdi trudng can phii ap va ngudi dan Ket qui dieu tra cho phep dupc day manh hpn nQa giai doan tdi biet dUde dfch xic nhu cau hien tai can hd trd va dao tao nhung can phii: Da dang h6a npi dung, hinh thdc tuyen truyen ve BVMT sd dung mpi hinh thdc kenh truyen thdng thich hdp nham cung cap thdng tin cho cpng dong ve cic van de lien quan den dat dai va moi trudng tao sy chuyen bien manh me ve nhan thdc va hanh dpng cac cd quan, cac td chQc doan the chinh trj -xa hpi, cac cd sd sin xuat kinh doanh va cac tang Idp nhan dan Tap huan kien thQc ve nUde sach va ky thuat xQ ly nhiem moi trudng nong thdn Cdng tic tuyen truyen, van dpng lam cho ngudi dan nhan thQc sau sac tic hai cua m To chQc cic Idp tap huan, dao tao cin bg chinh quyen dja phUdng Tai cac ldp tap huan, de kich thich sy tham gia cua ngudi dan bang nhQng ldi ich thiet thyc to chdc cic buoi thao luan nhdm vdi nhieu chu de da dang; chfnh quyen dja phUdng, nhan dan cung tham gia cic Idp tap huan se dUa nhQng y kien, glal phip cho hoan cinh cu the cua nong thon minh Vl vay can phii tao mpi dieu kien cho ngudi dan chu dpng va tham gia cd hieu qui, cic cin bp se thyc hien q u i trinh trao ddi y kien vdi dan, tiep thu y kien cua nhan dan de dieu i3iiteBWiaig!iaftmmB''aBBB8IBillTinBBWBHaS Q NHLfNG VAN DE CHUNG VE OUAN LY chinh va phat trien q u i trinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi Qua dd cQng tang cudng nang lyc ciia lanh dao dja phUdng ThUBa, thUc hien giai phap quy hoach ky thuat Trong s i n xuat nong nghiep, can tuyen truyen va hudng dan ndng dan ban che sQ dung thuoc b i o ve thyc vat, thu gom, xd ly vo bao dung quy dinh Dao tao, boi dudng kien thdc khoa hpc - ky thuat s i n xuat ndng nghiep tien tien cho nong dan; hadng dan c i c mo hinh s i n xuat ndng nghiep mang hieu q u i cao dong thdi vQa bao ve moi tradng nhU: g i i m tang; Phdng trQ djch hai tdng hdp 1PM, s i n xuat rau an toan; Md hinh VAC, mo hinh GAP, xay dyng ham bl-d-ga Tang cudng sd dyng phan xanh, phan hQu cd tai chd ket hdp vdl phan hda hpc Chuyen dan daa chan nuoi xa khu dan ca Trong phit trien mdl c i c khu chan nuoi tap trung dung tieu chuan, cac trang trai xay dyng phii each xa khu dan cU theo quy hoach Phan va nude thii chan nudi can dUde xQ ly thong qua he thdng xQ ly hoac bang c i c h xay ham biogas, ii phan trudc sddung Can tien hanh, quy hoach, td chQc, phan bd lai s i n xuat tai cac lang nghe cho phu hdp vdl tinh chat dac thu cua tQng loai hinh lang nghe Chu cd sd s i n xuat tai cac lang nghe can tuan thu c i c quy djnh ve ve sinh moi trUdng mpt c i c h chat che C i c cd sd s i n xuat kinh doanh phii dau tu c i c cong trinh xd ly chat thil d i m bao tieu chuan, quy chuan ky thuat qudc gia ve mdi trudng, ddng thdi phai xay dung ke hoach va trien khai ap dung s i n xuat sach hdn ve c i c g i i i p h i p q u i n ly, c i i tien, thay ddi quy trinh cong nghe, lap dat trang thiet bj mdi than thien vdi mdi trudng, it p h i t sinh chat t h i i , tiet kiem sd dung nang lUdng, nadc, nguyen lieu, nhien lieu s i n xuat Qui hoach va dau tu he thdng cap nude nong thdn nham nang eao hieu q u i cung cap nude sach cho dan ca nong thdn Tang cUdng xa hpi h6a khai thac va q u i n ly he thdng cung cap nadc sach tren dja ban ndng thon aiiMJfAilJI!^il.fJil.!Mi.l.lj;jJM ^ Can quy hoach, xay dyng he thdng tang de g i i i quyet van de ve sinh mdl trUdng nong thon nha lam ranh thoit nude khu dan ca; xay dUng ndi xd ly va chQa r i c t h i i thuan tien cho ngadi dan; H6 trd lap dat c i c thung chQa r i c tren c i c tuyen dudng hem de ngudi dan bo r i c theo quy djnh va xay dyng nha ve sinh ty hoai; Da phan ngudi dan khong ty phan loai dUde r i c nen viec chon lap, thu gom, xQ ly gap nhieu kh6 khan can hudng dan lap va hd trd boat dpng djch vu ve sinh moi trudng ndng thon Ngoai ra, mpt lUdng Idn r i c thil tQ c i c chd nong thon, chd ven song phii td chQc c i c giii phip thu gom, xd ly theo dung quy djnh ThU Tu, nang cao hieu lUc, hieu qua quan ly nha nudc ve bao ve moi trudng, nhat la cap xa Trong viec xet duyet c i c chUdng trinh, dy i n dau tU phit trien tren dja ban tinh, cac sd, nganh cd lien quan can glQ vQng nguyen tac d i m b i o phit trien ben vQng c i ve kinh te - xa hpi va moi trudng Quin ly chat va xQ ly nghiem viee thyc hien c i c quy djnh ve lap va tham djnh bao cao danh g i i t i c dgng mdi trudng cd long ghep cac quy djnh ve thye hien s i n xuat sach hdn ddi vdi cd sd s i n xuat, kinh doanh mdi dau tu Dong thdi nghien cQu, de xuat chinh sich khuyen khfch, hd trd doi vdi c i c doanh nghiep ap dung s i n xuat sach hdn cd hieu q u i Xa manh dan bd tri e i n bg phu trach ve moi trudng thyc hien tdt chQc nang q u i n ly nha nude ve b i o ve mdi trudng Day manh boat dgng dao tao boi dudng kien thQc moi tradng cho can bg va lanh dao cap xa Tang cudng vai trd g i i m s i t viec thyc hien phip luat BVMT cua Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va c i c td chQc doan the c i c cap Day manh cdng t i c kiem tra, giam sat, nhae nhd, xQ ly nghiem c i c tradng hdp sai pham va giii quyet cac khieu nai ve moi trudng tren dja ban xa Xay dyng phUdng an q u i n ly (thu gom, van chuyen va xQ ly) chat thii ran tren dja ban huyen va cac xa TQ hinh td chQc ty,^ ^•mm m Q NHLfNG VAN DE CHUNG VE OUAN LY quin ve mdi tradng nha lap hpp tic xa, hp kinh doanh hoac cic hinh thQc khic cd the dupc i p dung de thyc hien thu gom, xd ly chat thil ran tai cac ndi chaa co djch vy thu gom, van ehuyen chat thii ran Ho trd lap dat cac thung chda rac tren cic tuyen dudng hem de ngUdI dan bd rac theo quy dinh va xay dyng nha ve sinh ty hoai, xda bd cau tieu tren song rach, ao hd Tang cUdng cay xanh khu vyc, ndi cdng cpng va ven cac tryc giao thdng Xay dyng cac hUPng Udc ve BVMT; Hinh va phit trien lyc lUpng tinh nguyen vien bio ve moi tradng ThU Nam, ve giai phap tai chinh Ve vdn xay dyng ndng thon, cd nhieu nguon vdn De tao thuan ldi can quan tam: - Uu tien bd tri Idng ghep vao cic dy i n , chaong trinh muc tieu cy the de thyc hien cac hang muc cong trinh kinh te xa hpi ndng thon, cic mo hinh sin xuat ben vQng va bio ve moi trQdng Dong thdi danh ngudn vdn hd trp kinh phi td ngan sich; - Tang cUdng xa hpi hda cho ngadi dan hieu trich nhiem va quyen ldi de cung tham gia bio ve mdi tradng Phat huy hieu q u i sQc dong gdp cua nhan dan xa hpi hda dau tU cd sd tang ky thuat, xa hpi; Dac biet la cic cong trinh chfnh trang, tao dape sy dong thuan, nhat tri cao dan de tao phong trao chung tren dja ban Tdm lai, xay dyng ndng thdn mdi nham nang cao ddi sdng vat chat, tinh than cho ngudi dan, tQng bade rut ngan dan khoing each glQa nong thdn vdl thj la cdng viec rat quan trpng va can thiet Can xem day la nhiem vu trpng tam cua c i he thdng chi'nh tri va mpi ngUdi cung tham gia xay dyng C6 nhu the mdl thyc hien cdng chu trUdng, chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nQdc, dem lai am no, hanh phuc cho ngQdi dan, gdp phan tao nen bp mat mdi d ndng thdn hien nay./ m ( ^ - ^ (tahl ue^ • NGUYEN THANH TRANG Hoi Nong dan tinh Vinh Lon D ao tao nghe cho ndng dan la rat quan trpng, nd tao nang phat trien kinh te ndng nghiep, ndng thdn Tinh nha Dao tao nghe cho ndng dan chinh la nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan lyc d ndng thon, yeu to quyet djnh lam chuyen djch nhanh cd cau kinh te va cd cau lao dpng gdp phan xay dyng va phat trien nen kinh te ben vQng tien tien hien dai Trong thdi gian dai van de dao tao nguon nhan lUc ndi chung, dac biet la dao tao nghe ndng thdn chua dUpc quan tam dung mdc Tinh hien cdn tren 726.500 ngUdl lao dpng ndng thdn (chCi yeu la ndng dan), chiem 86,4% tdng sd lao dpng, nhung ty le qua dao tao cdn rat thap Do vay, day manh dio tao nghe cho ndng dan la dUdng ngan nhat de gan lien tri thdc khoa hpc vdi thyc tien sin xuat d ndng thdn, la giii phip tdt nhat de giii quyet viec lam tang thu nhap cao cho ngUdl ndng dan Ong ba ta cd cau: "Cua se se khdng bang nghe tay" Thyc trang dao tao nghe cho ndng dan nhOng nSm qua cua Tinh cdn nhieu bat cgp, chu yeu dya vao cac trudng chinh quy, hg thdng cac cd sd day nghe va trung tam day nghe cic huyen, phd Ddi tapng theo hpc da phan la em ndng dan, cdn ngUdI lao dpng tren 40 tudi can dupc dao tao thi kho tiep can Npi dung dao tao nghe cdn khoing cich vdl yeu cau phat trien khoa hpc ky thuat ndng thdn Hay ndi each khic chua theo kjp vdl xu the phat trien chung va ddi hdi cua ngUdI ndng dan thieu hoac khdng c6 viec lam, xuat hien kha bien "thda nghe, d6l viec", gay tam ly hoai nghi ddi vdl ngudl hpc nghe Ben canh dd, viec xay dyng chfnh sich dao tao nghe cho ndng dan mac du Ding, Nha nUdc HMISSMJBsXBWAc NG NGHE VINH LONG SO