TiNH HiNH 6 NHI^M MOI TRU QNG KHONG KHJ VA NHU''''NG A N H MU''''ANG TOI s i rc K H 6 E NGU''''ai sCr DMNG HOA CHAT TRLP SAU TRONG NONG NGHIEP Nguy€n Duy BSo Vifn Yhgc lao dpng vd Vf sinh moi tru&ng, Hd Ngi Di[.]
TiNH HiNH NHI^M MOI TRU-QNG KHONG KHJ VA NHU'NG A N H MU'ANG TOI s i r c K H E NGU'ai sCr DMNG H O A C H A T TRLP S A U T R O N G N O N G NGHIEP Nguy€n Duy BSo Vifn Yhgc lao dpng vd Vf sinh moi tru&ng, Hd Ngi Di^u tra 500 hO tgi vung cay trdng tgi mpt s6 huy^n ngogi IhSnh Hd Not Vung rau, viing lua, viing cSy cflng nghiep K6tqua di^u tra cho thdy: 100% hpgia dinh su'dyng h6a chit trii'sau, phan Idn la nhflm hoa ch^t lan hOu co 63% Viing Iring rau cfln hO SLK dung DDT ho su' dung 666 va ho SLK dung gamatox Cac loai bao bi Ithong dugc su dyng dung quy dinh (80%) Nhirng ngu'd'i di phun thieu ntiieu Phu'O'ng ti$n phflng hp cA nhan Nci bdo quan h6a chdt trii' sau tgi bip va buong ngu 6' vi/ng cSy cong nghiSp 87%, viing trdng rau Idi 45,31% vdwiing Iu5 26,11% Nong wofatox khong va tai vj tri lam viec cua ngirdi di phun h6a chdl deu thdp du'd'i nong dp toi da cho phep (MAC) Hogl linh ciia men Ch.E gidm tren 25% \k 9,09% Trieu chirng co ty le mdc cao nhu' met moi la 73% va dau dau 78% Tie khda: Hoa chat trir sdu, d nhi§m khong khi, nhiem doc hoa chat tri^ sau nong nghiep, men Ch E L DAT VAN DE tru sau 2.2 Dia di€m nghian cuu: Trong nhiing nam gdn day, lupng hda chat De tdi dupe tien hanh tai viing cay trdng tru sau (HCTS) duac su dyng d nude ta da tdng khu vuc ngoai thdnh Hd Ndi len rat nhieu cd ve so lupng lan chimg loai Ben Viing rau qua xa Tay Tuu, huyen Tir Liem canh Ipi ich to Idn la bdo ve miia mdng, tang Viing trdng lua xa Dan Phuong, huyen Dan ndng sudt cay trdng, hda chat tni sau neu sit dung khdng an toan se gay nhieu tac hai doi Phuong Viing trdng cay cdng nghiep xa Mai Dinh, vdi mdi trudng sinh thai va sue khoe ngudi Chiing tdi tien hdnh nghien ciiu de tdi huyen Sdc Son 2.3 Thdi gian nghien cuu: Nam 2004-2005 vdi muc tieu sau day: - Di6u tra tinh hinh su dung, an toan 2.4 Phucng phap nghien cuu 2.4.1 Thiet ke nghien cuu: su dung HCTS Nghien ciru dich te hpc md td cdt ngang - Khdo sat mdi trudng khdng bi d nhiem 2.4.2 Co" mdu nghien cuu: HCTS Chiing tdi chpn chii dich 500 hd gia dinh - Dieu tra tinh hinh nhiem ddc, tinh hinh sue ndng dan cd su dung HCTS khde ngudi sir dung HCTS ILPHl/OfNG P H A P NGHIEN CIIU 2.L Doi tugng nghien cihi Hp gia dinh nong dan cd su dung hda chat Tdc gid: Nguyen Duy Bao DC: Vien Y hpc lao ddng vd Ve sinh mdi trudng Dien thoai: 0913320212 Email; nguyenduybao@nioeh.org.vn 2.4.3 Phuffng phdp nghien ciru - Dieu tra bang phieu hdi, khdm sirc khde cho 500 ddi tupng sir dung HCTS d xa ndi tren - Lay mau khdng klii xac dinh ndng dp Ngdy nhan bai: 8/11/2012 Ngay ddng bai: 28/2/2013 Tap chi Y hpc du phong Tap XXIII, s6 I (136) 65 HCTS lan huu ca (wofatox) bdng phuong phap sdc ky khi, sit dyng bp phdt hien FPD tai trung tam kiem dinh HCTS, Bp Ndng nghiep vd Phdt triSn ndng thdn Dp nhay cua phuong phdp Id 2.4.4 Yduc nghien cuu: - Dupe su chdp thuan h^p tdc ciia cdc hp gjg ^jnh Q^^ tittjng nghien cuu dupe giai thich ro 0,002 mg''!.^ - Lay mau mau cdc ddi tuong phun HCTS , ddi ; tui^ng nhdm trudc vaf sau phun va, cdc chimg de boat tinh men Chotinestcrase (Ch.E), theo phuong phdp cai tien cua Til Chi (Thucmg quy ky thuat Vi?„ YHLD va VSMT- y nghTa cua nghien ciiu va nr nguypn tham gia ., , „.-„ -^ i ; ^,„„„ • Nhung thong tin ca nhan cua doi tupng nghien ciru dupe bdo mat ho^c nhilm dgc HCTS dupe tu van, g,ai thieu 1993) den cdc ca sd y te de kham vd dieu trj kjp thdi - Nhiing ddi tupng phat hi?n tham nhiem n i KET QUA VA BAN LUAN 3.1 Tinh hinh sii dung HCTS Bdng Mice su d^ing HCTS vung cdy trdng Vung lua Viing rau TT Ten hoa chat (1) (2) Viing cdy C.nghipp So hp Inl Trung binh kq/ho/nam So hp (nl Trung binh kq/ho/nam So hp (n) Trung binh ka/hd/ndm (3) (4) (5) (5) (6) (7) (8) Nhom HCTS Lan hCru cc Monitor 155 1,38 ±0,08 133 1,16±0,11 135 0.99 ±0,04 p>0,05 Wofatox 191 4,39 ±0,28 43 0,92 ± 0,08 126 1.05 ±0,06 p>0,05 Dipterex 50 2,11 ±0,19 23 0,80 ±0,12 p>0,05 Kitazin 21 0,95 ±0,19 0,75 p>0,05 II Nhom HCTS Clo hu-u cc Gamatox 1,00 ±0,00 666 0,90 ±0,25 1,59 + 0,46 DDT III Nhom HCTS Cacbamat Padan 131 0.83 ±0,11 0.55 ± 0.23 Bassa 56 0,88 ± 0,22 17 1.00 ±0.15 10 Zineb 3,50 ±1,22 0.58 ±0.18 p>0,05 13 Tap chi Y hoc liir phong, Tap XXIII, s6 (136) 0,51 ±0.05 p>0,05 Ket qua tren bdng cho thdy cac loai HCTS duac su dyng rat da dang nhung chu y6u la nhdm HCTS lan hihi co (56 - 63%) Phd bi8n la monitor, wofatox, dipterex Viing rau qud sii' dung cae loai HCTS cao hon vung liia va viing cay cdng nghi?p, nhumg sy khdc biet khdng cd y nghTa thdng ke vdi p>0,05 Dieu dang luu y la d viing rau qua Tay Tuu, ndng dan vdn cdn sir dung DDT la hd 666 la hd, Gamatox la hp, day Id nhiing hda chat thudc nhdm Clo htiu co, chiing gay tac hai va tdn luu lau mdi trudng sinh thai md hien Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn da cam sir dyng phdng van 100 hd gia dinh vdi 1667 lao ddng thirdng xuyen su dyng hoa chat bao ve thuc vat (HCBVTV) tai 16 xa thupc tinh mi6n Trung va Nam Ket qud cho thay 80 % hd gia dinh sir dyng HCBVTV, ddi vdi mi6n Nam va mien Trung sir dung thudc di?t cd vdi ty le cao nhu sir dyng Gramoxone chiem 66,5 % lupng HCBVTV[2] 3.2 Tinh an todn su dung HCTS Lupng HCTS cdn gift lai tai nhd dieu tra d viing rau qua nhieu hon viing liia vd viing cay cdng nghiep ca ve sd luong vd chiing loai Viec bao quan HCTS tai hd gia dinh rat tiiy tien Trdn Ngpc Lan va CS (2003) da tien hdnh Bang Dac di4ni bao quan hp'p chat trLP sau TT Vung Ida (n=200) Viing rau (n=150) r/o) (%) Kho 0,49 28,13 4,00 Ngoai nha 67.98 21,88 7,00 p