PETROVIETNAM NGHIEN CLJU CONG NGHE SAN XUAT NHU TUONG NHUA DUONG CO KHA N A N G SU DUNG TRONG N G A N C A C H NUOC 6 CAC GIENG KHAI THAC TANG MIOCENE DUOI MO BACH HO TS Nguyen Huynh Anh, KS Nguyen Thi[.]
PETROVIETNAM NGHIEN CLJU CONG NGHE SAN XUAT NHU TUONG NHUA DUONG CO KHA N A N G SU DUNG TRONG N G A N C A C H N U O C CAC GIENG KHAI THAC T A N G MIOCENE DUOI MO BACH HO TS Nguyen Huynh Anh, KS Nguyen Thi Anh ThU, KS Ha Minh Tien Vien Ddu Viet Nam Tom tat Dexvfly tinh trgng ngap nvfdc d cdc gieng khai thdc co the svt dung cdc loai vdt lieu, hda chdt khdc nhau, song deu khong ddm bdo tinh chpn lpc, nghia Id dd svt dung thi todn bp chdt ldu via se bj ngan each hoan todn vdi gieng, khdng phdn biet Id nvtdc hay ddu Nhieu nghien cvtu dd svt dung nhdng phdn doan can cua qud trinh chdng cat ddu tho vdi ham lifpng nhvfa vd asphaltene cao dengdn cdch nvtdc vd cho ddu tham thau qua, nhdng dp nhdt cua phdn doan can chdng cdt qud cao nen gdy kho khan qud trinh svt dung Vi vdy, sddung nhu tdcfng nhda dddng dvtdc xem nhvfmpt phddng phdp ngan cdch nUdc co chpn lpc Nhdm tdc gid da tien hdnh nghien cdu cong nghe sdn xuat nhu tt/cfng nhda dddng tai phong thi nghiem dexdc dinh mot so ddc tinh hda ly nhdm ddnh gid khd ndng, hieu qud xCtly tinh trgng ngap nddc d cdc gieng khai thdc tdng Miocene dddi mo Bach Ho Nhom tdc gid dd Ida chpn hai he nhu tuang nhda difdng phu hpp nhdt detien hdnh thCt nghiem bam ep vdi dieu kien via (dp suat, nhiet dp cao) phong thi nghiem Kit qud thd nghiem cho thay he nhu tuang nhda dddng cd khd ndng ngdn cdch nddc rat cao (he so phuc hoi dp thdm nddc gidm 96% van co khd ndng cho ddu thdm qua (he so phuc hoi dp thdm ddu dat khodng 89%) TCf khoa: Nhda dddng, nhu tuang, nhu taang nhda dddng, ngdn cdch nude, Miocene dudi Gicri thieu tan va lien ket gida cae hat he se dat trang thai can 1.1 Cachevd ddc diem ky thugt cua quy trinh phoi trpn nhu tdcfng nhda dddng bang Luc nay, he nhu tapng nhga dadng ben vdng ddpc tao Neu trang thai can bang ndi tren bj chuyen djch, he nhu tdong se trd nen ben hoac kem ben hon Nhu tdOng nhga dadng la mot he phan tan nhga Ve CO ban, quy trinh phoi trpn nhu tdOng nhga dddng dddng nadc, ddpc hlnh nhd qua trinh phan chju sg anh hddng cua cae yeu td: nhiet dp cac pha, nhiet tan nhga dddng vao pha lien tuc (pha nadc) vdi sg trp dp khuay trpn, ham Idpng cac pha, dac tfnh va ham Idpng giup cua mot hay nhieu chat hoat dpng be mat cd chdc chat hoat ddng be mat cung nhd ham lapng cac chat dieu nang giam sdc cang be mat gida hai pha nddc va nhga chinh dp pH, chat on djnh nhu va dac biet la dac trang dddng, giup cho he ben vdng theo thdi gian [1, 3] Nhu thiet ke cung nha hieu qua cua thiet bj khuay trpn tdOng nhga dadng dapc san xuat bang each phoi trpn nhga dadng ndng vdi dung djch nddc cd chda cac chat nhu hda b^ng mot lgc co hpc du de chia nhga dddng cac hat rat nhd (1 OOpm) Theo RA.Rebinder [3 Sau he nhu taong nhga dadng ddpc bom vao gieng va tiep xue vdi Idp da via, phan nddc se bj phan tach, phan nhga dddng se ket dfnh va bam tren be mat da via Vat lieu eat ket vdi kfch thddc hat nhd la dieu kien tot 6], qua trinh nhu hda nhga de he nhu tdong nhga dadng phan tach tiep xuc Qua dadng bat dau dien bang sg keo gian cac hat Idn pha bj trinh chju Snh hddng cua tfnh chat da via (dp tham, phan tan (nhga dddng) hlnh tru dadi tac dung cua dp rong) cung nhd ban chat nhu tapng nhga dadng (ham ddng chSy roi toe dp cao Khi kfch thddc hat hlnh tru lapng chat hoat ddng be mat, dp pH mdi trddng ) Doi dat den ngddng gidi han, hat se t g dpng tach mot vdi cac he nhu tddng nhga dddng cation, phan mang dien hat Idn va mot hat nhd cd Ipi ve mat nhiet dpng hpc tfch cua chat hoat dpng be mat hap phu vao vat lieu cat hdn bdi vi nang lapng t g eua no Idn hon nang lapng ket dan den qua trinh phan tach nhu tddng nhga dddng t g cua hat Idn va hat nhd sau tach cong lai Qua va ket tu cac phan nhga dadng bj tach mdi trinh tiep dien cho den cae hat ed kfch thade bang tradng nddc Theo nghien cdu [9 -12,16,17, 22], cac he Den mdt gidi han thdi gian nao do, qua trinh phan nhu tddng nhga dddng cation phan tach gap mdi Diu KHi-so 9/2014 33 HOA - CHE BIEN D A U KHI tradng cat ket se tao cac ion SiOj^ va NH3+ Cac mudi ngan each nadc bang nhu tdOng nhga dddng vdi cac tao khdng tan giup cho hien tdpng ket tu dien tieu chf: khdng chju anh hadng trgc tiep t d gieng bom manh hon Sg hap phu cac ion chat hoat ddng be mat len ep nddc (khoang each den gieng bom ep gan nhat phii be mat da via cung dong thdi lam cho tfnh chat be mat da Idn hon 600m); dp day via Idn hon 5m, dp day tang chiJa via t d da nadc chuyen ky nddc, t d nhga dddng dau khdng nhd hon 3m neu dp nhdt eua dau via nho hon (phan tach t d he nhu tdPng nhga dadng) lai cang bam lOMPa.s va khdng nhd hon - 5m neu dp nhdt cua dau dfnh manh len be mat da via Ldp nhga dddng vda cd via Idn hPn 10MPa.s; dp ngap nddc cua gieng can xCf ly co tac dung ngan each nddc di chuyen vao gieng (ngan each the len den 99% nadc ngap), vda cho phep dau tham qua (khai thac phan dau cdn lai via) Tren co sd do, nhdm tac gia tham khao quy trinh bom ep hda pham vung can day cua Lien doanh Viet - Nga 1.2 Ddc tinh cua doi tddng via ddu ngap nddc vd tieu chi "Vietsovpetro" va de xuat cdng nghe bom nhu tdong Ida chpn he nhu tdang nhda dddng phu hap nhga dddng nham tram bit, ngan each nddc cac gieng khai thac ed dp ngap nddc cao Phdc he Miocene dadi phat trien gan nhd tren toan bp dien tfch cua md Bach Ho vdi chieu sau t d 2.759 3.298m dddi mgc nadc bien Cac tang san pham cua phdc he tfnh t d tren xuong dddi la tang 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 vdi mdc dp san pham cao ddpc quan sat thay d vdm Bac va vdm Trung tam Hien tai, chi cd tang 23 la ddi tdpng dang ddpc khai thac [24] Ap suat via ban dau cua tang Miocene Chuan bj hda pham va thiet bj: Phoi trpn nhu tddng nhga dddng theo cdng thdc can thiet tren he thdng phoi trpn tai can cd djch vu, sau dd dda gian cung vdi thiet bj va dau DO Trade tien hanh bPm nhu tdong nhifa dadng can xac dinh mdc chat Idng khdng gian ngoai ong dadi d vdm Trung tam la 28,8MPa Ap suat via ban dau Quy trinh: Bom nhu tdPng nhga dddng vao ong cua than dau Miocene dddi d vdm Bac la 29,3MPa Nhiet khai thac cua gieng, sau xac djnh mdc chat Idng dp tg nhien cua than dau Miocene la 80 -110°C Gradient khdng gian ngoai ong (da dapc ddng kfn) Bom dau DO dja nhiet d dp sau t d 1.800 - 3.600m dddi mgc nddc bien de day nhu tdOng nhga dadng vao via (the tfch dau DO la 3,5°C/100m Dp rong cua tang san pham thay doi t d tdOng ang vdi the tfch cua ong khai thac) Khong 33,5%, trung binh la 17,7% Ket qua thdng ke cho thay, gian ngoai ong phai ddpc ddng kfn, sau do, mot lan nifa dp tham cua tang san pham thay doi td 0,5 - 2.500mD, xac djnh mdc chat Idng khdng gian ngoai dng Sau gia trj trung binh la 239mD [13, 24] Hien nay, phan Idn thdi gian phan dng can thiet (tdi da gid), cd the tien gieng khai thac tang Miocene dddi md Bach Ho deu bi hanh gpi ddng trd lai Bang cac gia trj dac ddpc sau ngap nddc vdi mdc dp tdOng doi cao (cd gieng tren 90%) gpi ddng, xac djnh hieu qua kinh te ky thuat cua c6ng Nhdm tac gia da nghien cdu dac tfnh ddi tdpng via dau ngap nadc thdng qua phan tfch mau Idi (Bang 1) nghe sd dung nhu tdOng nhga dadng nham ngan each nddc d gieng khai thac ngap nddc nang Yeu eau doi vdi nhu tdOng nhga dadng sd dung Dga tren ket qua phan tfch, nhdm tac gia da Iga chpn mau Idi M-4 va M-5 la ddi tdpng de tien hanh thd nghiem bom ep ngan each nadc: bom ep nhu tdong nhga dadng d dieu kien via cd gia + Nhu taong nhga dadng can on djnh qua trj dp rong va dp tham khf tdOng ddi gan vdi gia trj dp trinh ton trd va van chuyen the hien qua chi tieu on rong va dp tham khf trung binh cua tang Miocene dddi djnh ldu trd 24 gid Thdi gian on djnh dieu md Bach H d kien bao quan binh thddng toi thieu la thang, tddng tU Td ket qua nghien cdu [ - , 23], nhdm tac gia da cac hda pham sd dgng khai thac dau khi; Iga chpn cac gieng khai thac ngap nddc de thgc hien -I- Nhu taong nhga dddng cd tac dung nhanh Bdngl Thdng sd ddc tinh mau Idi rr 34 Ki hieu mau M-1 M-2 M-3 \ _ M-4 IVl-5 M-6 DAU KHI - so9/2014 Gieng 74 74 74 818 818 818 Do sau (m) 2.987,4 2^92,2 2.992,8 3.169,3 3.171,1 _ 3.171,3 Chieu dai (cm) 5,64 5,69 5,50 5,48 5,64 5,52 Dudng kinh (cm) Do rong (% 19,7 3,76 19,9 3,80 22,5 3,78 20,3 3,80 21,3 3,76 17,5 3,79 _j 628^_ 635,0 65,9 248,0 228,0] 24,3 PETROVIETNAM tiep xuc vdi vat lieu cat ket tai dieu kien nhiet dp cao (90°C), phan tach va ket tu tao Idp nhga dddng bam deu tren be mat da via, giam gan nha hoan toan Chat hoat dong Nude Nhira dudng I sg hap thu nadc cua da via, thdi gian phan tach dadi gid; -I- Nhu taong nhga dadng cd dp nhdt thap Tuy nhien, neu dp nhdt qua thap, kha nang bj rda trdi cua Chat dn dinh nhu Acid be mat Pha nUdc he nhu taong nhga dadng sau xd ly bom ep vao vung can day gieng rat cao Do do, nhdm tac gia chpn Nhu tuang nhua dudng gia trj dp nhdt Saybolt Furol tai 25°C va 90°C yeu cau Thiet bj khuay trdn cho cac he nhu tdong nhga dddng tiem nang taong dng lan lapt n i m khoang t d 45 60 giay va -12 giay Cac he nhu taong nhga dadng khdng dat Hinh I.Sadd nguyin tdc he thdng phoi trgn nhu taang nhaa dadng df Dg c«r dinh nhd dieu kien se khdng ddpc chpn thd nghiem dieu kien via; -I- Phan bo kich thadc hat nhu Idn qua thi nghiem ray Seing khdng Idn hdn 5% Ngoai ra, kfch thddc hat b'mhairdt binh n h ^ dudng nhga dadng toi da he nhu tdong nhga dadng cinhlcbttly canh khuav tot nhat khdng ddpc vapt qua gia trj kfch thadc 16 •Mi giinhift rong cCia via chda tang Miocene dddi md Bach Ho (trung binh t d 100 - 250|jm) 7.3 Che tgo he thong thiet bj sdn xuat nhu tdang nhvfa dddng quy mo phdng thi nghiem Tren cd sd so sanh cac du nhapc diem cua quy gjinhift ichn»' cimbiea nUft PA m cam bien nhiet H-B cam bien nhiet otfn d$ngcorkbuly bflrm m d9ng c* khui)- trinh phoi trpn lien tuc va phoi trpn theo m^, nhdm tac g i i Iga chpn thiet ke he thong phoi trpn nhu tddng nhga dddng quy mo phdng thi nghiem theo m^ H§ thdng cd du did'm: thiet ke ddn gilin, quy Hinh Sadd hi thong thiet biphdi trgn nhu taang nhaa dadng Bdng Thdng sd ky thugt chfnh cua hi thdng thiet bi phoi trgn nhu taang nhaa dadng mo nhd, cho phep khuay trpn Idpng nhd, cd the de Dtfn vi tinh d^ng di^u chinh th^nh phan phoi trpn phuc vu muc dfch nghien cdu vdi chi phf th^p Sd nguyen tSc cCia he thong v^ thi^t bj phoi trpn nhu tddng nhga dadng dapc md t i Hlnh va Hlnh la he thong thiet bj phoi trpn nhu taong nhga dadng dapc thi^t ke theo c^c thdng so ky thuat chfnh (Bing 2) C6ng suat toi da Cong suit toi thieu The binhI inguyen I l i e tich viv.li Willi i ^ u y c i i lieu iicu j Nhiet gia nhidt pha dung nnoi Nhiet gia nhiet pha bj phan tan ^ Nhiet dp gia nhiet binh phoi tron I Toe khuay danh nhu [Toe khuay binh nguyen lieu Ift/me Ift/m^ "C °C °C vong/phut vong/phut Gia trj 0-100 0:200 0^100 - 8!oob 0-300 SOr dung nhu tiTorng nhUa difdng t r o n g xuT ly gi^ng ngap nUdc tSng Miocene dudrl m d 22245-90 eua Lien bang Nga) Nhga dadng dac 60/70 va nhga Bach Ho dadng BHfl cd nhiet dp cheiy mem lan Idpt la 49,4°C va 51,rC, 2.1 Phoi trpn nhu tuang nhda dddng vd khdo sdt cdc yeu t6dnh hddng den qud trinh tgo nhu 2.1.1 Chuan bj nguyin liiu, hda chdt dp kim lun d 25°C lan lapt la 62,2 x 0,1 mm va 45,1 x 0,1 mm Hai he chat hoat dpng be mat cation ddpc nhdm tac gia sd dung de phoi trpn nhu tddng nhga dgdng la MTT-24 (Redieote EM-22) va MTT-4582 (Stabiram 4582).Trong dd, chat hoat dpng Nhom tac gi^ sCf dung nhga dddng dac (60/70, be mat MTT-24 dang long, mau vang, trj so amin tong 150 - dat Tieu c h u i n v3t lieu nhga dddng dac 22-TCN 279- 160mg HCI/g, nhiet dp dong dac 10°C, dp nhdt d nhiet dp 20°C 01) v^ nhga dadng BHfl (40/60, dat tieu chuan rOCT la 65cP, nhiet dp chdp chay tren 100°C Chat hoat dpng be mat DAU K H i - s o / HOA - CHE BIEN D A U KHI MTT-4582 dang Idng, ty trpng tai nhiet dp 20°C 1-1,1 g/cm^ dp thudc vao kfch cd hat nhu tdPng can san xuat khd 65 - 70% khdi Idpng, dung djch 10% nadc eat pH = Thdi gian trdn nhu ddpc dieu chinh thdng qua bang - 9, ham Idpng chlorine 0,8 - % khdi lapng dieu khien Sau nhu taong tao thanh, lay sin Polymer EVA Dupont~Elvax' 460 va Elvax* W40 dapc sd pham t d day ngan dung nhd phu gia phoi trpn vdi nhga dddng de tang dp ben 2.1.3 Khdo sdt cdc yeu to anh hddng den qud trinh tgo nhiet cua nhga dddng Dupont^Elvax' 460 va Elvax'W40 cd ty nhu vd Ida chgn cdc thong so ky thugt toi du trpng lan Idpt la 0,941 g/cm^ va 0,965g/cm^; chi so chay (g/10 phut) la 2,5 va 52; diem chay la 88°C va 47°C; diem hda deo 64°C va 27°C; nhiet dp tdi da sd dung 230°C Nham khao sat cac thdng sd toi du quy trinh phoi trdn nhu tdOng nhga dadng, nhdm tac gia da tien hanh phoi trpn mot sd he nhu taong Trong qua trinh phoi trpn nhu taong nhga dadng, cd sd dung cae chat dieu chinh pH HCI, chat on djnh nhu CaCI^ 2.1.2 Quy trinh phoi trgn nhu taang nhaa dadng nhga dddng vdi phan gom 50% khdi lapng nhga dddng, dp pH mdi tradng la 2, ham lapng CaClj la 0,2% khoi Idpng, chat tao nhu sd dung la MTT-24 vdi ham lapng 2% khoi lapng, tdc dp khuay Cho nadc, chat nhu hda, acid va phu gia vao ngan chda pha cd djnh tai 8.000 vong/phut, nhiet dp pha nhaa dung mdi va khdi dpng may khuay vdi tdc dp td - 300 vdng/ dddng co djnh tai 152°C va nhiet dp pha nUdc phut Nhiet dp pha dung mdi ta45 - 80°C Sau gia nhiet tdi ddpc dieu chinh tfnh toan phu hpp vdi nhiet dp nhiet dp thfch hpp, pha dung mdi ddpc dda sang ngan trpn nhu nhu tdPng tao Hai yeu td ddpc khao sat la tdOng bang bom ly tam Toe dp eua ddng ddpc dieu chinh thdng thdi gian khuay nhu (10 - 20 - 40 - 60 phut) va nhiet qua van dieu khien Cho nhga dddng d dang ran vao ngan chda dp tao nhu (70 - 80 - 90°C) Ket qua khao sat cho pha bj phan tan, gia nhiet den khoang 90°C Bat may khuay vdi thay dieu kien toi du de phoi trpn nhu taong nhiia toe dp t d -150 vong/phut Tiep tuc gia nhiet nhga dadng den dddng la thdi gian khuay trpn 40 phut va nhiet d6 khoang 120 -160°C Sau dat ddpc nhiet dp thfch hpp, pha bj khuay trpn nhu tdong 80°C phan tan dapc dda sang ngan khuay nhu tdong nhd bOm banh rang an khdp Ngan khuay trpn nhu tdOng dapc gia nhiet tdi nhiet dp tao nhu trade dda nguyen lieu td pha dung mdi va pha bi phan tan sang.Toe dp khuay cd the dieu chinh tdO - 8.000 vong/phut 2.2 Cdc yeu to dnh hddng den tinh chdt cua sdn pham nhu tddng nhvfa dddng 2.2.1 Phaang phdp phoi trpn Nhdm tac gia da tien hanh phoi trpn nhu taong nhga dadng vdi dieu kien thiet bj phoi trpn co djnh (pH mdi tradng la 2, thdi gian trdn nhu la 40 phut, nhiet dp pha nhu tdong la 80°C, nhiet dp pha nifdc la 55°C, nhiet dp pha nhga dddng la 152°C) Cac phan dung de khao sat gom: nhiJa dadng 60/70 (ky hieu la NDI) va nhga dddng BHfl 40/60 (ky hieu la ND2) vdi ham Idpng 50% khoi lapng; chat hoat dpng be mat MMT-24 va MMT-4582 ham lapng 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% khdi lapng; polynner EVA - Dupont^Elvax' 460 va Elvax"W40 - ham lapng 1,2,4% khoi lapng Sau tien hanh phoi trpn dapc he nhu tadng nhga dddng tddng dng la NTND1 va NTND2, nhom tac gia t h d nghiem, danh gia tfnh chat cua san pham nhu tddng nhga: tfnh lau bien (dp nhdt tai 25°C va tai 90°C); tfnh on djnh nhu (dp phan tach sau 24 gid, thf nghiem ray sang, dp khd nhu); tfnh bam dfnh cot lieu cat ket tai 90°C; kha nang giam dp ngam nddc Hinh Hi thdng thiet biphdi trgn nhu taang nhaa dadng 36 DAU KHi-so 9/2014 bam dfnh vdi cot lieu PETROVIETNAM 2.2.2 Ket qud ddnh gid qua cao (ddthda) khien phan tan pha nddc, cac phan tdchat hoat dpng be mat lien ket vdi tao cac Tfnh lau bien micelle lam tang dp nhdt cua pha nddc, dan den dp nhdt Nhdm tac gia danh gia tfnh lau bien cua cac he nhu nhu tdOng nhga dddng tao cung tang tapng nhga dadng phoi trdn thdng qua ket qua dp Khi sddung nhga polymer lam phu gia qua trinh nhdt tai nhiet dp 25°C va 90°C Ket qua thgc nghiem xac phoi trdn, cac he nhu tdOng nhga dadng deu cd xu hddng djnh moi lien he gida phan phoi trdn va dp nhdt tang dp nhdt len kha cao Dac biet, vdi ham Idpng polymer ddpc the hien thj Hlnh va sd dung t d - 4% khdi Idpng thi cac he nhu taong nhga dddng tao rat quanh, dp nhdt rat cao, dp ben nhu rat kem, Khi ham lapng chat hoat dpng be mat tang len tren % khdi Idpng, dp nhdt cua he nhij tdPng nhga dadng cd rat khd cd kha nang sd dung xd ly gieng khai thac xu hddng giam Tuy nhien, ham Idpng chat hoat dpng ngap nadc (do khd khan qua trinh bom xuong gieng be mat tang len qua cao (6% khoi lapng) thi dp nhdt cua khai thac) Viec bo sung phu gia polymer Elvax* W40 khien he nhu tddng nhga dddng lai cd xu hddng tang len, cd he nhu tdong nhga dddng cd dp nhdt Idn hon nhieu so vdi trddng hpp cdn cao hpn ca gia trj dp nhdt cua he sd phu gia polymer Elvax*460 Vi vay, sd dung cac he nhu dung % khoi Idpng chat hoat dpng be mat Nguyen nhan taong nhga dddng cd bo sung polymer, nen chpn polymer cua hien tdpng la ndng dp chat hoat ddng be mat Elvax"460 de thuan tien hon cho viec bom dung djch 75 —• Himlilflngnhira 0% ^^ "ã SKI-Halm Itfdng nljija ELVAX-4ô0 1% 75 la^ig nhva 0% Hdi lif^ g nhia EL ^AX'460 1% HiuliltfdIgiihilaEL VAX- W40 % U 1 A 1t 70 \ s \ , /' \ • \ i • / / \ \ \ • \ / ~^\Z~ • • ' 6 6 curt t$o nhfi MTT- 4582 (%) Chtt t«o nhfi MTT-24 (%) Chtft t40 nhu MTT- 4582 (%) ChlTt l«o nhu MTT-24 (%) (d) (e) Hinh Anh hadng cua thdnh phdn phoi trgn len ddc tinh nhdt tgi 25°C vd 90°C cua NTND1 (b) (a) —• — Him Itf^ng nb^ 0% ^* ^ - * — Him W*ig tOuft ELVAX-460 I « —*—H4mlir^?nh^ELVAX-W401% 15 W —m—Htat\