THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU Kl II Nghien cCru sCr dung to hap chdt hogt dpng be mgt trong bom ep tdng cuong thu hoi ddu cho doi tapng cdt ket tong Miocen mo Bgch Ho ThS Trinh Thanh Son, TS Phan Vin Doin ThS[.]
THAM DO - KHAI THAC DAU Kl II Nghien cCru sCr dung to hap chdt hogt dpng be mgt bom ep tdng cuong thu hoi ddu cho doi tapng cdt ket tong Miocen mo Bgch Ho ThS Trinh Thanh Son, TS Phan Vin Doin ThS Biii Thi HUtfng, CN Cii Thj Vidt Nga, ThS Phan Vii Anh Vi^n Ddu Viit Nam Tdm tSt Sdi bdo trinh bdy mpt s6 ket qud nghiin cvfu ve viec s&dung to hap chdt hoat ddng bi mat bam ep tdng cudng thu hoi dau Mdt so ddc tinh cua cdc chdt hoat ddng be mat nhw si/c cdng bi mdt, ndng dd tpo micell, tinh chju nhiet, khd ndng bj hdp phu dd chd'a dd dUac khdo sdt Ket qud thCfnghiim ddy ddu tren md hinh mau ldi bing to hap chdt hoat dpng bi mat toi Uu cho he sd thu hoi ddu trung binh id 7,56% Cdc ket qud nghiin cifu cho thiy, tiem ndng ijfng dung phuang phdp bam 4p he chdt hoat ddng be mat cho tdng cudng thu hoi ddu tdng Miocen md Bach Ho rdt khd quan l.Mddau Td(l)suyra:Cos9 = (o,^-o„)/o,j Hiln nay, bdi cinh sdn luong dau khai t h i c dang sut g i i m thi viec ap dyng cac phuong p h i p tang cudng thu hdi dau la rat can thilt Cd nhilu phuong phap t i n g cudng thu hdi dau nhU: phuong phap nhiet, phuong p h i p day hda trdn va cac phuong p h i p hda hpc Cac phuong p h i p hda hoc bao gdm: bom ep polymer, chat hoat ddng b l mat (dung dich mieell/polymer, vi nhu tuong), bom ep kilm Trong sd niy, phuong p h i p bom ep cic chat hoat ddng b l mat dang dupe sddyng rdng rai [3] Cd sd hda ly ciia vile t i n g thu hdi dau b i n g phuong phap bom ep chit hoat ddng be mat gdm: d phuong trinh niy, g i i tr! ciia o,jVa a^ khdng xac (2) djnh duoe Vi viy, mdi tUdng quan gida sdc cang be mat j , ^ v i o^^ dUde thdng qua gdc (gdc tham udt) de danh g i i dp t h i m udt c h i t Idng ciia b l m i t r i n Khi < 90°, pha (pha nude) t h i m Udt be m5t r i n hOn chit idng (pha dau) Khi > 90°, b l m i t pha r i n cd dp tham Udt trung binh Theo g i i tri gdc v i mdt sd thdng sd khac chung ta cd the chin d o i n dupe c h i t lupng cua nUdc, kha nang nia v i k h i n i n g di'y d i u ciia chiing [7] 1.1 Cdi thien tinh dinh Udt ciia dd cht^a Ldp da eat chda d i u md la mdt he thdng rdng xdp tao bdi cic mao mach thdng vdi theo khdng gian ba chieu T)/ I I t h i tich rong so vdi t h i tich t o i n bd khung dupe goi la dp rong Dd rdng phy thudc vao cau tnic dia chat ciia md va thUdng n i m khoing 10 - 30% Lo rong chda dau va nUdc via.Trong trudng hdp chung, tinh tham Udt eiia nude (1 - Idng 1} va dau (2 - Idng 2) ddi vdi via (s - ran) phy thude vao sdc cang b l mat phan each o gida ba pha 1/s,2/s(Hinh 1) j,j^o,jCose = aj^ (1) l o n g "1 Hinh SU tiip xuc bo pha rdn • Idng (nude) - Idng (ddu) 10 DiiUKHf-SOl2/2012 PETROVIETNAM 1.2 Cdi thien sijfc cdng be mat giiea hai pha ddu - nifdc Dau bj gid lai mao mach l i life mao dan (Hinh 2) d i u tham udt b l m i t Mudn cd N^ cao thi ri phii Idn Dd chinh l i ly sd dung dung djch cic chat cao phin t d lam t i c nhin d i y dau (polymer flooding) Vi k h i ning t i n g q v i v chi ed gidi han do bien p h i p chii y l u 6i t i n g N^ l^ l i m giim o Day chinh la ly sd dung chit hoat ddng be m i t Nlu bOm nude xudng md l i m chit Idng day d i u thi N^ ~ lO"* De l i m d i n g k l t;;- l l d i u bi gia lai, phii tang N^ l i n • cap De dat dupe mue t i i u niy, ngUdi ta thudng sd dung k i t hpp chat cao p h i n td v i chat hoat ddng b l mat Vdi chat hoat ddng be Hinh Md hinh mdtgigt ddu d mao mach hinh co chai mat thich hop, cd the giim a td 20 - 30 dyn/cm xudng cdn 10'-1Q-* dyn/cm (sdc cang be mat sieu thap) [9-11 ] NhU Mudn cho dau chiy qua mao mach, can tao mpt hieu ap suit Gii t h i l t p h i i day mdt gipt d i u di qua mdt viy, chi sd mao dan tang, % SOR se giim va cd mdt chi sd mao d i n tdi han cho tat c i cic mdi trudng rong mao mach hinh cd chai theo chilu mui ten (Hinh 2) Vilt phuong trinh Laplace cho phia d i u v i o v i d i u ta cd: pQ, - P^, ^ 2o/r, va P^^ - P^^ = Zo/r^ Gipt dau chi cd t h i chay qua eo chai n l u P^, nhd hon Ppj.Dieu cd nghTa la gipt dau cang de chiy neu d cang be Viec sd dung chat hoat ddng b l m i t khai thac dau chinh la n h i m giam sdc cang o cOa be mat phan cich d i u nUdc -P >2o(1/r -1/r) Cd t h i khai q u i t nguyen ly day dau t r l n dudi mdt dang khie (3) (4) He thdc (4) la ed sd khoa hpc eiia vile bom chat Idng day dau (displacing fluid), vf du; nUdc v i o md de t h i n g lUc mao dan v i day dau khdi he thdng mao mach tdi day gieng khai thic Neu chat Idng d i y d i u cd them chat hoat ddng be mat de giam o thi q u i trinh cing thuan Ipi 1.3 Gia tdng cMsomao ddn de ddy dau Nlu gpi he sd thu hdi d i u l i n, ta cd h i thdc: Trong dd, n,: he so quit, ri^: he sd day, n^: h i sd t i l p xuc He sd q u i t rj^ se tang g i i m dp linh dpng M (mobility ratio) M la ty sd giUa dd linh ddng eiia chat Idng day va dp linh ddng cua dau Cd the lam tang he sd day ri^ bing each tang die tinh tham Udt cua lUu t h i day ddi vdi be mat eiia cae kenh rdng v i lam g i i m sdc cang b l mat gida pha dau va pha nudc De giii quyet van de t r l n , phy thudc vao tinh chat hda ly eiia via, ed the sd dung ddn I I hoac phoi hpp cac phuong phap cdng nghe khac nhu bom chat hoat ddng b l mat, bom polymer, kiem, bom cic chat hda tan dau, khi, bom nhii tuong hydrocarbon [4,5] Khi diing mdt chat Idng day dau, dp nhdt ciia nd p h i i dii Idn mdi cd the day dau hieu q u i Cd t h i ndi, dp nhdt n Nguyen lieu va phucmg phip nghiin cdu va tdc dp V cua c h i t Idng day bieu thj lUc day dau ra, cdn Chit hoat dpng be mat: Emal 270 N (Sodium sdc cing be mat o Idng bieu hien lUc c i n giddau lai lauryl ether sulphate 70%, 3E0 - Kao Corporation), mao mach AOS 1214 (Alpha Olephin Sulphonate), Petrostep SB TJsd: TIV (5) (Cocamidopropyt Sulphobetain) - Stepan Company va Tergitol - NP9 - Dowehemical Company la mdt sd khdng t h d nguyen 6il(Jc gpi l i chi sd mao dan Dung mdi: Butanol, Ethylenglycol Mono Butyl (capillary number) ThUe nghiem cho thay chi sd N^ cing cao thi dau bj gid lai mao mach cing it Hinh trinh b i y mdi quan h i gida chi sd mao dan N^ v i % dau d u bao hda (SOR) De cd dUoc he sd thu hdi dau Ether Dau thd chay md hinh via: d i u Bach Hd, tang Miocen-gilng 815 cao thi N^ p h i i dat dupe g i i trj Idn, ed 10"^ -10'^ n l u dau Xic djnh CMC (ndng tdi han tao micell): nong khdng t h i m Udt b l mat v i N^ cing phii Idn hdn nda neu dd tdi han tao micell dupe xac djnh bing phUdng phap THAM DO - KHAI THAC D A U KHI sdc cang be mat ciia dung dich chit hoat ddng b l m i t m i t cd xu hudng g i i m v l cudi, t r i i nghich vdi dd due tai cic ndng khie nhau, qua dd xic djnh d i l m nhiy cua ( t i n g lin) D i l u n i y cd t h i g i i i thich vi|c thiiy phdn l i l n k i t ky nude l i m tinh tan g i i m di nhung lai hinh sdc cing b l m i t v^ tinh t o i n CMC, t h i n h vi nhu tuong (ciia p h i n tan it nude - thdn Xic djnh sdc cing b l mat eiia chit hoat ddng b l d i u v i p h i n hoat tinh edn lai - t h i n nude) H I vi nhu nJy mat theo hai phuong phip: phuong p h i p vdng Do Nuy ed sdc c i n g b l m i t t h i p hon dung djch ban d i u [13], tren m i y Radian seri 300 v i phUdng p h i p giot treo t r l n m i y DCA (diing cho sdc cing d nhilt dd cao) Kit q u i thi n g h i l m cho t h i y mdc dd b i l n thiln siJc cang b l m i t cOa dung djch c h i t ho?t ddng b l mit Xic dinh tinh dinh udt cua b l m i t d i theo phUOng n h i l t dd s e c r i t khie vdi d n h i l t dd 90''C nhi|t d^ p h i p gdc t i l p xuc t r l n h i thdng m^y KRUSS GI SO^C, sdc c i n g b l m i t ciia dung dich AOS v i NP9 tdng Xic djnh trang t h i i pha ciia dung dich c h i t hoat l i n q u i trinh t h d n h i l t , d i l u dd chdng td c6s\( ddng b l mat v i d i u via [2,15] suy g i i m v l hoat tfnh cung nhu c i u true ciia chung, m ^ p h i n ciia cic chat n i y da bi b i l n tinh Tuy nhiln, vdi Xic dinh h i sd d i y dSu: thuc hiln tr^n md hinh via thdi gian nhu vay chua dii d l c i c c h i t n i y bj biln tinh H I sd d i y d i u tUOng ddi dupe tinh theo cdng thdc: h o i n t o i n Ddi vdi CAS, cd t h i n h i n t h i y d 130°C sau 2t n g i y t h d nhilt, sdc c i n g b l m i t t i n g nhe nhUng sau 66 n = (Vj-V,}/V, xlOO t a n g r i t manh d cic n g i y t i l p theo Sau 42 ngiy thi hoat Trong dd: tinh da g i i m tdi 50% so vdi nudc b i l n Nlu thdi gian thii Vj: t h i tich d i u cdng ddn thu dupc sau d i y dau n h i l t k l o d i i hon, hoat tinh se tiep tuc g i i m Nhdm tac bing chat hoat ddng be mat va sau dd day bing nudc cho giS n h i n thiy, n h i l t dd cao (130''C) l i yeu td gidi han den khdng xuit hien dau ddi vdi cie chat hoat ddng be m i t dang niy, mac dti V,: t h i tich dau cpng ddn thu dUpc day dau bing cic nghien cdu t h d n g h i | m trudc d i y da k i t luinvMhil nude (giai doan trudc day dau bing chat hoat ddng n g h i l m chat hoat ddng b l m i t n i y vile tao bot be mat) bom ep COj d n h i l t cao Ddi vdi SLES, chieu hUdng Ket q u i nghien cdu va t h i o luan 30 3.1 Anh hudng cua nhiet dp len hoat tinh cua cdc chdt hoat ddng be mat Trong mdi trUdng n h i l t dp cao, cac I20 • SLES f flOS [ •£ NPfl ' c h i t hoat ddng b l mat thudng bi mat -CAS_ hoat tinh phan huy nhilt, bi ket tua bdi eac ion kim loai [16] Do viy, de cd t h i sd dung cac chat hoat ddng be mat cho 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 bom ep can t h i l t p h i i k h i o s i t dp b i n n h i l t cua chiing Mdt cic thdng so khao sat la sdc c i n g be mat va ndng dp Hinh Sdc cdng bi mat cOa cdc chdt hoat ddng bi mdt sau 7,14.21.28,35.4 vd 56 ngdy thd nhiet d 9CfC tdi han tao micell dung djch v i kha nang tao nhu vdi hydrocarbon Cic thi nghiem dUOc tien hanh d d i i nhiet dp E 90''Cva ISCC e / E K i t q u i t h d n h i l t tai 90° cho thay sdc c i n g be mat cua cac chat hoat ddng be l"-n mat khdng thay doi n h i l u va thap hon sdc c i n g b l m i t cua nude b i l n sau 56 ngiy t h d nhiet Cac chat AOS, NP9, CAS cd sdc cang b l m i t tang nhe so vdi trudc t h d nhiet dUdi 10% Rilng SLES, sdc cang b l 12 DAUKHf-Sd 12/2012 Hinh Bien thiin sdc cdng be mat cua cdc dung dich chdt hoat ddng be mat dll PETROVIETNAM b i l n doi sdc cang b l mat dien khic h i n Trong q u i nhung sau dd ning hda nhu giim dan v i d nhdng trinh t h d nhiet, sau 35 sdc cang be mat ciia dung ngiy cudi, k h i nang hda nhu giim manh, ty I I pha dau/ dich g i i m so vdi ban dau Nhu p h i n t r l n da g i i i thich, nudc xip xl 1:1 (Hinh 6) d k h o i n g thdi gian ban dau (35 ngiy thd nhiet) sU b i l n tinh chat hoat ddng b l mat da tao he vi nhu tUOng (giy due dung djch), lam g i i m sdc cang b l mat ciia he, nhung sau (tUngiy t h d trd di), q u i trinh b i l n ddi d i l n lam thay ddi p h i n Idn cau true v i dac tinh ciia chat hoat ddng b l mat Cac ket q u i cho thay k h i nang 1am g i i m sdc cang be mat cua dung dich g i i m r i t nhanh sau 56 t h d nghiem D i l u cho thiy, d nhiet 130°C c h i t n i y chi ed tac ddng g i i m sdc cing b l mat tdt khoing 35 Do cd sU suy g i i m v l sdc cing b l mat va d l d i n h g i i rd hon ve sU b i l n doi tinh chit cOa chit hoat ddng be mat,cic thi nghiem xic djnh CMC cung dupe tien hanh Dd thj Hinh chi sU thay ddi rat idn ciia CMC qua trinh thd nhiet Cd the thay CMC ciia SLES va CAS t i n g len rat nhanh chi sau 14 t h d nhiet va t i l p tyc tang len nhufng thd t i l p theo D i n thd 56 thi CMCeiiahaichit n i y da tang khoang 100 lan Caned v i o thi cung cd t h i thay NP9 cd CMC ciing tang nhung vdi mdc cham hon so vdi SLES va CAS Chi cd AOS la it thay ddi hon, CMC tang hon 10 lan q u i trinh t h d nhilt D i l u n i y cho thay qua trinh t h d n h i l t , t i t ca cic chat hoat dpng be mat deu suy g i i m hoat tinh theo thdi gian, cung ddng nghia vdi viee h i m lUdng ciia chung edn lai dung dich bj suy g i i m Ddi vdi mdi c h i t thi mdc dp suy g i i m cung khac H i n h Bien su khac biet ve cau tnic phan td Can cd d13Q°C v i o die diem n i y cd the lUa chpn chat hoat ddng be mat v i dU d o i n kha nang day dau eiia chiing theo thdi gian dieu ki|n 0.9 via Nhdng k i t q u i phan tich t r l n chi 0.8 rang cic chat cd sdc cing b l mat thap cung 07 nhu cd dp b i l n t h i l n CMC thap cd t h i dupc 06 sd dung bom l p tang cUdng thu hdi 05 dau d cic via ed n h i l t dp cao 04 Ddi vdi AOS, k h i nang hda nhO kha dn djnh sau 35 v i tang d i n cho tdi ngiy thd 56 (Hinh 7) tUOng dng vdi k h i nang l i m g i i m sdc cing b l mat bj giim (phan tich d trln) Tuy nhien, ty le diu/nudc biln t h i l n (7:3) khdng nhilu so vdi trudc thd nhilt (8,5:1.5} cho thiy die tinh ciia AOS k h i 6n djnh mdi trudng nhilt cao Cic k i t q u i thi nghiem vdi NP9 v i CAS cung cho nhdng k i t luin tUdng tU nhu ddi vdi AOS NhUng cd t h i thay ring nang hda nhu ciia NP9 gan tUdng ddng vdi AOS sau 56 ngiy thd nhiet SU biln thien ty I I dSu/nUdc xap xi vdi su b i l n t h i l n ty I I dau/nudc nhu trudng hop ciia AOS (8:2 trUde t h d n h i l t v i 6,5:3,5 sau thd nhiet) Ddi vdi CAS, mac du cd k h i nang hda nhu dau nudc rat tdt d nhiet thudng, nhUng d nhilt cao thi k h i nang niy bj giim nhanh Mdc dp hda nhu giam dan v i t^- I I vdi su suy g i i m kha nang lam giim sdc cang b l mat ciia chat Nhan thay rang, chit thi nghiem thi CAS la chat kem chiu nhilt nhat thien CMC • DaL • NlfffC 0.3 De thay rd hPn v l i n h hudng eiia nhilt 0,2 dd theo thdi gian tdi tinh chat hda nhu, cic 01 thi nghiem v l trang t h i i pha d i u nUdc da dupc tien hanh Kit q u i cho thay, ddi vdi SLES, 35 t h d n h i l t d 130°C, kha cdc chdt hogt ddng be mdt qud trinh thd nhiet fr'.' m :-r& ^:-i? Z^^.•' 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 Ngay nang hda nhu tang d i n , tUdng dng vdi sii g i i m sdc cing be mat eiia dung djch SLES, Hinh Khd ndng hda nhu cua SLES qud trinh thd nhiet d 130'C THAM DO - KHAI THAC D A U KHI d i u - nude (IFT) Nhin chung, sdc c i n g b l m i t liln di|n gida hai pha cd xu hudng t i n g dUdi i n h hudng ciJa nhilt dd cao mdt thdi gian d i i - Khi n i n g chiu nhi|t d 130''C ciia cic chit co th^ sip x i p theo thd tu g i i m d i n ; AOS, NP9, SLES, CAS 3.2 Anh hudng cua ndng dd muSi vd thdnh phSn mudi lin ddc tinh cua chdt hoat ddng be mat Trong thUe t l , tai cic g i i n khai thic dVi|t Nam,hSi h i t d i u sd dung nude b i l n d l bom v i o gilng bom ^ , Trong q u i trinh luu chuyin via, nudc biln tUtJng t i c vdi nudc via l i m thay ddi t h i n h p h i n hda hpc ban d i u Thinh p h i n ciia nudc b i l n v i nude via ed t h i inh hudng r i t Idn tdi hoat tinh eiia c h i t hoat ddng b l mat q u i trinh chuyin ddng v i lUu gid via, ^S viy vile xem x l t nhdng i n h hUdng cua nude bien, nude via tdi die tinh cua c h i t hoat ddng b l mat i i hft sdc can t h i l t Cic n g h i i n cdu cd b i n t r l n t h i gidi cho thay, d i l u k i l n via cic chat hdat ddng b l matco the bj i n h hudng bdi nhilu y l u td: phan huy sinh hoq p h i n hiiy nhilt, k i t tiia bdi ndng dd mudi cao [8] (dac b i l t l i sU cd mat ciia eac ion kim loai hda tri nhu Ca v i Mg) Khi bi k i t tua vdi ion kim loai, ndng dp chit hoat ddng b l m i t dung djch se giim di, dong thdi hoat tinh b l mat cung g i i m , cic dau ua nUdc Hinh Khd ndng hda nhu dau cua NP9 qud trinh thd nhiet d phan t d b i phong tda bdi ion kim loai I30"C Trong phan niy, cic thi nghilm dupc t i l n hanhde T V ! I^^l 08 07 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • • I •1 14 21 23 35 I 1 1 1 •1 42 xac djnh i n h hudng cua ion Ca l i n die tinh ciia cac chit hoat ddng b l m i t Cic chit hoat dpng be mat dupc pha d dang 1% (trln CMC) dung dich NaQ 3,5% vdi su cd mat ciia ion Ca-' d cic ndng Wiac DNLICFC nhau, dung dich dupe u d 130°C va quan sit hiln ti/cfng k i t tiia cua cie m i u Do nudc b i l n v i nudc via thudng chda ion Ca'* v i Mg^' d ndng dd 300 - SOOppm nen cic d i i ndng dp Ca^' thd nghilm cung nim 56 khoing Ngiy Kit q u i Bing cho thay d ndng dp Ca Hinh Khd ndng hda nhu ddu cua CAS qud trinh thd nhiit SOOppm sau 56 ngiy t h d nhilt, khdng xiy hi^n i3(yc tupng k i t tua SLES, dung djch chi chuyin due phan Td cac ket q u i thi nghilm v l k h i nang hda nhu dau/ huy n h i l t v i tao t h i n h dang vi nhu tUPng.Tuy nhiln,8 nUdc ciia cac chat hoat ddng be mat d nhilt dp cao cd t h i rut mdt sd k i t luin nhu sau: Trong qua trinh thd nghiem, d nhiet dp cao, hoat ndng 1.400ppm trd l i n , SLES bi k i t tua bdi Ca chi sau ngiy thd nhiet Nhin v i o b i n g ed the t h i y rd mien It^ tiia cua SLES theo thdi gian v i ndng ciia Ca dung tinh cua eac chit hoat ddng b l mat bi g i i m theo thdi gian djch d ndng 900ppm sau 49 ngiy t h d nhiet bit diu Su b i l n t h i l n ty le dau nude mdi trudng hpp chinh xiy hien tupng k i t tiia NgUdng chiu di/ng tdi da ciia l i su bien t h i l n sdc cing be mat liln d i l n gida hai pha SLES la 1.300ppm sau 14 thd nhilt 14 PETROVIETNAM Bdng Anh hudng cua nong dd Ca theo thdi gian u nhiit SLES ~- - Thdi gian ( n g i y ) , Cc.(ppm) 14 21 T T T T 300 T T T T 400 T T T T 500 T T T T 600 T T T T 700 T T T T 800 T T T T 900 T T T T 1000 T T T T noo T T T T 1200 T T T T 1300 T T T KT 1400 T KT KT KT 1500 T KT KT KT 200 Ghi chu: T: trong; KT: ket tua Bdng Anh hudng cua nong dd Ca theo thdi gian u nhiit AOS -^Thdi gian (ngay] 21 14 200 300 T T T T T T T T 400 T T T T 500 T T T T 600 T T T T 700 T T T T 800 T T T T Cc (ppm) 900 T T T T 1000 T T T T 1100 T T T T 1200 T T T 1300 T T 1400 T KT 1500 T KT :1J T KT KT KT KT KT KT Id Ghi cbii: T: trong; KT: kit tua NgUdng chiu Ca cOa AOS kem hon so vdi SLES, sau 35 vdi cic ion kim loai mdi trudng Day cung la d i e t h d nhilt, d ndng dp Ca 900ppm dung djch da b i t tinh phd b i l n cua cic chat hoat ddng be mat khdng dau k i t tiia NgUdng chju Ca ciia AOS l i 1.300ppm, sau sinh ion t h d nhiet (Bang 2) K i t qua Bing cho thay NP9 khdng bi k i t tua bdi ion Ca k h o i n g 200 - I.SOOppm sau 56 ngiy So vdi cie chat tren, CAS de bj k i t tiia bdi ion Ca hon q u i trinh thd nhiet ndng dp Ca 600ppm, dung t h d n h i l t Mdi trudng chi bj m d dye qua trinh solvat djch bj k i t tiia sau 42 thdnhilt ndng dp 1.1 OOppm, hda bj han che Do chat hoat ddng b l mat khdng sinh dung djch bj k i t tiia sau ngiy thd nghiem NgUdng chju ion nen phan t d khdng x i y hoac khd xay tuong t i e nhietcOaCASIa I.OOOppm thdi gian THAM DO • KHAI THAC D A U KH( aingS.Anh hudng ciia ningat/ Ca theo Ihdl gim Ci nhiet NP9 Then gian (ngiy) ll 200 300 400 1300 T 1400 T 1500 T Ghi chu: T: Thdi gian Bdng Anh hudng cua ndng dd Ca theo thdi ginn u nhi^t CA^ Sdng 200 T T T T T 300 T T T T T 400 T T T T T ' 500 T T T T T 600 T T T KT KT 700 T T KT KT KT 800 T T KT KT KT 900 T T KT KT KT 1000 T KT KT KT 1100 T T KT KT KT KT 1200 T KT KT KT KT 1300 T KT KT KT KI 1400 T KT KT 1500 T KT KT Cclppml '"'*" Ghi chu: T: trong; KT: ket tua Cd t h i thay, mdi trudng ed ndng dp ion Ca cao be m i t Vi viy, sd dung cic c h i t bom epttii thi vile sd dyng CAS se bj han che Trong nhdng trudng can t h i l t p h i i tinh t o i n xic djnh ndng dp Ca moi hpp cd the sddyng NP9 k i t hpp cung vdi cac chit khic trudng d l tinh toan k h i n i n g chat hoat ddng b l mitb'i de han che sUanh hudng eiia cac idn kim loai hda trj k i t tiia t d dd bo sung t h i m cac phu gia can thiet de han Td cac k i t qua tren cd the k i t l u i n ion kim loai hda trj c h i tdi da i n h hudng niy Trong thuc t l , it sddyng mflt hai (Ca, Mg) cd kha nang g i y k i t tCia cic chat hoat ddng hpp chat hoat dpng b l mat rieng I I cho q u i trinh bflfH be mat anion va ludng tinh, i n h hudng khac ep Ngudi ta thudng sd dung k i t hpp hay loai cCing viJi tiiy thudc vao dang chat hoat ddng b l m i t , ddi vdi chat de cd duoc hieu dng cdng hudng v l tinh nang ho?i hoat ddng be mat khdng sinh ion, Ca (d ndng dp 200 - ddng b l m i t hoac de han che bdt cic yeu to i n h hUdng SOOppm) khdng gay i n h hudng, ket tiia chat hoat ddng t d b i n ngoii[16,19,20] 16 DSUKHI-so 12/2012 PETROVIETNAM 3.3 Anh hudng cua dd chUa tc^ khd ndng hdp phu cua cdc chdt hoat dpng be mat TUdng t i c gida cac chat hoat ddng b l 1"—y— mat va mdi trudng 16 rong c i t k i t xiy theo it n h i t hai ed chi Theo co che thd nhat, sU hap phu gay bdi cic tUOng tac true t i l p gida cie chat hoat ddng be mat vdi b l mat 16 rdng nhu tuong t i e tinh d i l n hoac l i cic tuong t i e vat ly khic nhu liln k i t hydro, lUc Van der Waals Co che thd hai l i cic chit hoat ddng b l mat bj bay lai cic 16 rdng k i t tiia v i n i m lai do.Trong trudng hop t h d nhat, sau hap phy se cd qua trinh giii hap phu t i l p tuc bOm ep nude, nhung trUdng hpp t h d hai thi qua trinh giai hap phu se khd x i y hoac xay rat cham ! Vi via eat k i t thudng cd cie phan chinh la set, silica, feldspar, va calcite n l n thi nghilm hap phu ddCc thd nghiem tren cac - Calclle — Feltiapar 8- e C^^^ | O I— 0.3 0.S ID Thifl olan (fll«>) 15 ZO 2S Hinh JO Bdng hoc hap phu cua SLES trin cdc loai khodng khdc 1 Monlmorillonite ", "^ 1! Silica - ô ã - - Calcite \ • chat niy 05 T h i l gian ( ' - -' 10 IS 20 FeldipQ 25 it.) Theo k i t qua t r l n dd thi, SLES bj h i p Hinh 11 Ddng hoc hdp phu cua AOS trin cdc loai khodng khdc phu t r l n cac loai khoang rat khac Cudng dp hap phy cao nhat xay ddi vdi montmorillonite 14,37mg/g va feldspar 13,1mg/g Cudng dp hap phu t r l n silica v i ,.-^ /I ^ va 8,9mg/g K i t q u i cd the giai thich xay kem hon Dudng dpng hpc cung cho Calcite , thay hap phy can bang x i y ddi vdi cae loai I khoing khic cung tai cac thdi d i l m OS •- cie loai khoing ! • 10 !5 20 25 T h M gian ( g l j f ) khac NhUng nhin chung, can bang hap • phy x i y sau mdt gid t i l p xuc giUa SLES va SIBca J?/ dien tich b l mat ciia silica va calcite nhd hon so vdi hai loai khoang dau nen h i p phu / • calcite nhd hon, tuong dng vdi I1,5mg/g Hin/i 12 £>6ng hoc hdp phu cua NP9 trin cdc logi khodng khdc So vdi SLES eUdng dd hap phy cua cac loai khoing ddi vdi AOS Idn hon so vdi (SLES cudng hap phy cao nhat : trudng hdp khoang l i montmorillonite (dat J 18,7mg/g) t i l p sau l i feldspar, silica va cudi ciing licaleite.Trln thj Hinh 11, hap phy can b i n g ddi vdi AOS x i y cham hon so vdi ' SLES (sau gid t i l p xuc) Nguyen nhin cd sU ' khic v l hap phu SLES va AOS ed the !• la chilu dai mach carbon khic (AOS §2» Il6 -1 »10 ^^ Mon Im on lion lie /— Silica Caklte Feldspar 1• a3 05 10 IS 20 25 Thin g i a n ( g i * ) cd chilu dai mach carbon l i 14C - 18C, edn SLES cd chilu d i i mach 12C) va sU ed mat cCia Hinh 13 Ddng hoc hdp phu cua CAS trin cdc loai khodng khdc THAM DO - KHAI THAC D A U KHf Idn hon so vdi hai loai khoing silica v i calcite Trong sd cic c h i t hoat ddng b l m i t thi mdcdj _ 16 • I ^14-::=:^ I 10 - - - ^ ^ Z — = 8-^^—7""^ a ^ ''''^~ bj h i p phg cd t h i sip x i p theo thd tutingdfa •" i "" • —^ — j — •- _• • nhu sau: NP9, SLES, AOS, CAS 3UE3 —-flOS NP9 Song song vdi cic thi nghilm hip phu c h i t hoat ddng b l m i t t r l n tdng loai khodng r- rilng I I , thi nghi|m h i p phu cic chit niy trta m i u d i c i t k i t cung dupe t i l n hinh Kit qui Hinh 14 cho t h i y t r l n m i u c i t kktni Bach H , CAS bi h i p phu nhilu nhat (cudng I \tkitmd Hfrt/i T4 Ddng hoc hdp phu cua cdc chdt hoat ddng bi mqt trin mdu c Bgch Hd cac nhdm Ua nude khic phin td ciia c i hai chat Xet v l mat cau tnic p h i n td, AOS cd c i u tnic p h i n tdgpn hon so vdi SLES (SLES ngoii nhdm sulfate cdn cd - nhdm ethylene oxid) do de bj h i p phu v i hap phu nhieu hon SLES t r l n cimg mdt ddi tupng khoing Khac vdi hai chat t r l n , cudng dd hap phu ddi vdi NP9 thap hdn h i n 5U hap phy t r l n feldspar Idn hon (8,3mg/g) so vdi tren cac khoing cdn lai (7,7mg/g; 4,3mg/g; 5,2mg/g tuong dng vdi montmorillonite, silica va calcite).Thdi gian dat hap phu can b i n g tuong t u so vdi cic chat t r l n , sau gid t i l p xuc (Hinh 12) Nguyen nhan ciia vile hap phu it hon tren cac khoang la phin t d NP9 khdng sinh ion Dau ua nude cua chiing khdng tich d i l n nen khdng xiy tucmg t i e vdi b l m i t eiia khoing, dd chiing bi h i p phu it hon rat nhilu, mac dd h i p phu dat 15,3mg/g) sau dd din AOS (cudng dd h i p phu dat 12,7mg/g), thip nhSt l i NP9(7,1mg/g) H i p phu c i n b i n g xiy sau mdt gid t i l p xuc vdi m i u c i t k i t v i mdc dd hip ph^ cua cic chit hoat ddng b l m i t t r l n c i t k i t nhd hon so vdf trer tdng lo^i khoing neng biet Vdi mdc dd h i p phu nhixti6^ chua tinh d i n k h i n i n g bi k i t tua via thi lupngchat hdat ddng b l m i t bdm v i o vdi ndng dd (di ttnh histf pb loing) phil Idn hOn CMC r i t n h i l u l i n m