Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM S6 51 ndm 2013 PHlTOfNG PHAP PHAN TICH THANH PHAN CHINH TRONG XAC DINH SV PHAN BO KHOANG VAT SET, OXIT SAT BANG Tir LIEU ANH VE TINH LANDSAT TRINH LE HUNG" T 6 M TAT Bdi bd[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM S6 51 ndm 2013 PHlTOfNG PHAP PHAN TICH THANH PHAN CHINH TRONG XAC DINH SV PHAN BO KHOANG VAT SET, OXIT SAT BANG Tir LIEU ANH VE TINH LANDSAT TRINH LE HUNG" T M TAT Bdi bdo n-inh bdy nghien cdu umg dung phuang phdp phdn tich thdnh phdn chinh phdt hien khodng vdt set, khodng vdt axil sdt bdng dii: liiu dnh ve tinh da LANDSAT ETM+ Trong bdi bdo cUng sir dung kT thudt Crosta nhdm ldm ndi bgt su tuang phdn giCig ddt set, oxit sit v&i cdc ddi tuong khde tren dnh Kit qud nhdn duac co thi su dung di thdnh lgp bdn ddphdn bd khodng vdt set khodng vdt oxit sdt, phuc vu cong tdc thdm dd, khai thde khodng sdn Tit khda: vidn thdm, dnh LANDSAT, phuong phdp phdn tich thdnh phdn chinh, khoang vat set, khoang vat oxit sat ABSTRACT The method of analyzing Ihe principal components to deled clay minerals and Iron oxides distribution using images from Landsat satellite This article presents a study on the application of Ihe method of analyzing the principal components in detecting clay minerals and iron oxides using the multispectral image data from LANDSAT ETM+ This article also uses Crosta technique to highlight the contrast between clay minerals, iron oxides with other objects on the images The results which are obtained in this study can be used lo create a distribution map of clay minerals and iron oxides, and lo serve in mineral mining and exploration Keywords: remote sensing, LANDSAT image, principal component analysis, clay mineral, iron oxide Mddiu Tdi nguydn khodng san Id mgt nhOng ngudn tai nguydn quan trgng nhdt ciia mdi qudc gia Khodng sdn Id ngudn nguydn lifu cho rat nhidu ngdnh kinh td nhu san xuit ndng lugng, vdt lieu xdy dung, kim loai, phuc vu cho ndng nghifp, cdng nghidp, Vifc thdm dd, phdt hien cdc md khoang sdn la mdt bdi todn phiic tap vd cip bdeh nghien cuu, gidm sat tai nguydn thien nhidn Cae phuang phdp truydn thong dua trdn ket qud didu tra thuc dia chi gidi quydt dugc bdi todn d quy md nhd va rit tdn kem Cdng nghf vidn tham vdi nhiing uu didm vugt trdi nhu didn tich viing phu rdng, cd khd ndng chup lap Iai tai ciing mgt dia didm ttong thoi gian ngin, da dugc sir dung hidu qud du dodn, tham dd ede khoang vdt TS, Hpc ViSn KT thuat QuSn SK, H i Ndi 148 T^p chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Trinh Le Himg Cho ddn.nay da cd mft sd nghidn ciiu trdn thd gidi vd su dung du lieu anh vidn thdm da phd LANDSAT, Aster lap bdn phan bd mgt sd loai khoang vdt (Abdelsalam et al 2000; Ramadan et al 2001; Madani et 2003; Ramadan and Kontny 2004) Trong nghidn ciiu ndy sii dung mdt sd phuang phdp nhu: phuong phap td hgp mau, phuong phap ti sd anh dd phat hidn cdc viing chua khodng vdt set va oxit sit Cac phuang phdp trdn cd uu didm la rit dan gidn, dd thuc hidn, nhidn dp chinh xdc phdt hifn cdc khodng vdt cdn chua cao Cdc nghien cim ndy cung da de cap den vifc iing dung phuang phdp phdn tich thdnh phdn chinh xac dinh su phdn bd ciia cdc khoang vat Bai bdo phan tich ddc trung phdn xa phd cua khodng vdt set va cac khodng vft chua sdt ddng thdi nghidn ciru ung dung phuong phdp phdn tich thdnh phin chinh xdy dung ban dd du bdo vj tri phdn bd ciia cdc khoang vdt trdn Phirong phap nghien cuu 2.1 Bgc trimg phdn xg phd cua khodng vdt set, khoang vgl oxit sdt Trong ddi sdng nhin thay va hdng ngoai gan (0,4 - I ^m) cac kim ioai chuyen tidp nhu Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr djc trung bdi su thay ddi muc ndng lugng didn tir Oxit sat bi hip thu phd d ddi sdng ngin bdi hieu iing difn tich Cdc hgp phdn chiia sat bi hdp thu manh nhdt d cdc budc sdng 0,4pm, 0,5pm, 0,7pm, 0,87pm (oxit Fe); Ipm (amphibol, olivin); 0,7pm, 1,8pm (pyroxen) [1] Khodng chit set gom mdt nhdm cac khodng chdt phyllosilicat (nhdm ngam nudc), thong thudng ed dudng kinh hat nhd ban 2pm Khodng chit set gidu cac oxit vd hidroxit cua sillic, nhdm cung nhu mdt lugng Idn nudc tham gia vdo vifc tao cau tnic va thay ddi theo timg loai dit set Khoang vft set bi hip thu manh nhdt d ddi sdng can hdng ngo?i (VNIR) chua nudc, d dai sdng hdng ngoai sdng ngin (SWIR) chua ion hydroxyl, AL-OH, Mg-OH va d ddi sdng hong ngoai giira (MIR) chda silicate [1] Dudng cong phdn xa phd ciia mgt sd hgp phin chira sdt (goethite, hematite) va khoang vdt set dugc thd hidn trdn Hinh Q '• 30° tnil \ ~ e / A \ ' - (MS16n 05 10 IS 30 jifjc sing (;im) 25 ao Hmh Duong cong phdn xgphS cua cdc hcrp phdn chua sdt (a), set (b) 149 S6 51 nam 2013 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCIVl 2.2 iTng dung phuong phdp phan lich thdnh phan chinh nghiin ciiu su- phdn bo khodng vgl set, khodng vgl oxit sal Mdt so phuong phdp ung dung tu lieu dnh vidn tham nghidn ciiu phat hifn khoang vdt set, khoang vdt oxit sdt nhu phuong phdp td hgp mdu, phuong phdp ti sd dnh don gian, dd thuc Men nhung vin cd nhidu nhugc didm Do su tuong quan giOa cdc kdnh dnh id khd Idn, trdn dnh ti sd va anh td hgp mau cd thd nham lin giOa khoang vat va cdc ddi tugng khde Dd gidi quydt vin dd trdn, bdi bao nghidn ciiu khd ndng ling dung phuong phdp phdn tich thdnh phin chinh phdt hidn khoang vat set, khodng vdt oxit sit bdng dd lieu anh vd tinh LANDSAT ETM+ Phuang phdp phdn tich phin chinh (principal components analys) Id mdt thudt toan ddc trung xu Ii dnh vf tinh da phd nhdm Idm ndi bat ddc tinh phd cua mgt sd ddi tugng bd mat Trai Dat (khoang sdn, md Id thidn, ) md cac phuong phdp ndng cao tuong phan khde khdng nhan bidt rd rdng dugc Ban chdt cua phuong phap phdn tich thdnh phin chinh Id mpt thuat todn thdng kd toan bgc nhdm bidn ddi tap dii lieu da bidn tuang quan vdo ttong mdt tap dO lifu da bidn khdng tuong quan - cdn duge ggi Id cdc phan chinh Dd phdt hifn khodng vdt set, nghidn ciiru sir dung kdnh phd anh LANDSAT ETM+ bao gdm: kdnh I (xanh Iam), kdnh (can hdng ngoji), kdnh (hdng ngoai trung binh), kdnh (hdng ngoai trung binh) dd tinh thdnh phdn chinh Dai sdng xanh luc vd dd (kdnh vd kdnh 3) khdng su dung nghidn ciru khodng vat set dd lo^i bd dnh hudng cua thdm thyc vat [3-7] Gid tri vector ridng va hdm lugng thdng tin chua ttong cac phan chinh (PC) dugc thd hifn Bang dudi ddy Bang Vector rieng vd iuang thong tin cdc PC phdt hien khodng vdt set Vector rieng Kenh KenhS Kenh Lu-ong thSng tin cac PC PCI • 0,354938 0,638399 0,609843 0,307498 96,90% PC2 0,237907 0,619488 -0,511895 -0,545524 2,02% PC3 -0,886691 0,367792 0,219110 -0,174637 1,01% PC4 -0,176627 0,270939 -0,563953 0,759835 0,06% PC Kenhl Phan tich kdt qua tinh thdnh phin chinh nghidn ciru phdt hifn khodng vft set cho thdy, phin ldn lugng thdng tin chiia dung phdn chinh thu nhit (PCI 96,90%), hay cd thd xem ring PCI Id hinh anh phan chidu bd mat Thdnh phin chinh thu hai (PC2 - 2,02%) md ta su tuong phan giua dai sdng can hdng ngoji va nhin thiy O phan chinh thir ba (PC3), thuc vft cd mau tdi, ttong d thdnh phin chinh thir tu (PC4), cdc khodng vdt set cd mau tdi sdm (gia trj vector ridng d kenh Id -0,563953, d kdnh la +0,759835) De Iam ndi bft khoang vat set trdn anh phdn chinh thii 150 T?p chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVI Trfnh Le Himg tu, nghidn cuu su dung ki thudt tuong phdn mau sic Trdn dnh kit qud, khoang vdt set se cd mdu tring sang (hinh 5a) Phan tich gid tri vector ridng ddi vdi kenh vd kdnh ttong PC3, PC4 cho thdy, gid tti cae vector ridng cd ddu ngugc vd cd gid ttj chdnh Ifch khd nhidu, dac bift la d PC4 Trong PC4, gia tti vector ridng d kenh thd hifn su tuong quan "tich cue" manh (+0,759835), ddi vdi kdnh thd hifn su tuong quan "tidu cue" (-0,563953) Chinh su tuong phdn ndy, ttong PC4, khodng vdt dugc bidu didn d mau trdng sdng Tu kdt qud trdn, bdi bdo dua md hinh phdt hidn khodng vdt set nhu sau: Dd lieu anh LANDSAT Kenhl Kdnh Kdnh Kdnh Tinh phdn chinh (PC) Tang cudng chit lugng anh (tuong phan mau sdc) Kdt qud phan bd khoang vdt set Hmh Md hinh phdt hien khodng vdt set tir dir lieu dnh LANDSA T ETM + Til dfc trung phdn x? phd cua cac hgp phin chua sdt, dd phat hifn khodng vft oxit sit, ttong bdi bdo su dung kdnh phd mang nhidu thdng tin nhit, bao gdm: kdnh (xanh Iam), kdnh (dd), kdnh (can hdng ngoai) vd kdnh (hdng ngoji trung binh) dd linh thdnh phdn chinh Kdt qua tinh vector rieng vd ham lugng thdng tin cdc phin chinh nghidn ciru phdt hifn khodng vdt oxit sdt dugc thd hidn Bdng 151 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 51 ndm 2013 Bdng Vector rieng vd luong thong tin cdc PC phdt hien oxit sdt Vector rieng PC PCI PC2 PC3 PC4 Kenhl Kdnh Kenh KenhS Lvong thong tin chira cac PC 0,364623 -0,195769 -0,776511 0,475136 0,224489 0,252425 -0,460504 -0,820866 0,654996 -0,640960 0,341079 -0,209319 0,622602 0,697944 0,261975 0,237926 97,07% 1,54% 1,32% 0,06% Phan tich gid tri vector ridng ddi vdi cac PC cho thdy, PCI cd thd coi la Id hinh dnh phdn chidu bd mat (gia ttj duong cho tit ca cdc kdnh anh), PC2 mang thdng tin vd thuc vat, PC3 ia su tuong phdn giira dai sdng can hdng ngoai va nhin thiy, d PC4 oxit sat cd mau tdi sdm (vi du ddi vdi kdnh 3, gid tri vector ridng d PC4 la 0,820866, cdn d PCI Id +0,224489) Dd Idm ndi bat oxit sit, tdc gid cung su dung ki thudt tucmg phdn mau sdc Khi dd, PC4, oxit sit cd mdu sdng, thuc vft cd mdu toi (Hinh 5b) Md hinh phat hifn khoang vdt oxit sit bdng dii lifu anh LANDSAT ETM+ dugc thd hifn trdn Hinh dudi day Dii lieu anh LANDSAT Kenhl Kdnh Kdnh Kdnh Tinh tbdnh phin cbinh (PC) PC4 Tdng cudng chit lugng anh (tuang phan mdu sic) iZZ] Kdt qud phan bd khoang vdt oxit sdt Hmh Md hinh phdt hien oxit sdt tit da lifu dnh LANDSA T7 ETM-i152 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Trjnh Le HUng Ket qua nghien cmi Dd minh hga irng dung phuang phap phdn tich thdnh phdn chinh phat hifn khodng vat set, khodng vat oxit sit, ttong nghidn cim ndy su dung dnh LANDSAT ETM+ khu vgc tinh Bde Kan (Hinh 4) Anh dugc chup vdo 08-11-2007 la thdi didm miia khd, khdng bj anh hudng cua mdy vd suong mil DQ lieu dnh LANDSAT ETM+ cd dp phan gidi khdng gian 30m d cdc kenh da phd, 60m d kdnh hdng ngoai nhift va 15m d kdnh todn sdc, didn tich phu eda mdt anh la 185 x 185km^ Vdi phdn gidi khdng gian ttdn, anh LANDSAT ETM+ thich hgp cho cac nghien ciru d quy md cdp tinh va vung Tinh Bic Kan ndm d ddng bde Bac Bf, cd difn tich tu nhidn 4857,2km^ Bde Kan la mft tinh gidu tdi nguydn thidn nhidn, ddc bidt Id tdi nguyen khodng san, bao gdm kim loai den, kim Ioai mdu, khodng sdn phi kim Ioai, cdc Ioai dd quy, dd vdi, dit set Hai md ddt set ldn hifn dang dugc khai thac nam d huyfn Bach Thdng (md Khau Ma, Hd Vi) va huyen Chg Ddn (thugc xd Qudng Bach, Nggc Phdi) Bic Kan ciing Id mdt nhiing tinh gidu tdi nguydn sat, vdi cdc md qudng sdt tap trung d cac huydn Chg Ddn, Ngdn Son, Bic Md Hidn nay, tren dja ban tinh dang cd 13 md sdt dugc dua vdo khai thac Hinh Anh LANDSAT ETM+ chup vdo 08-11-2007 khu vuc Bde Kan a to hgp mdu 432 153 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Sd 51 ndm 2013 Kdt qua xdc dinh thdnh phdn chinh thii tu nhdm phdt hidn khoang vft set, khoang vat oxit sit dugc thi hifn ttdn Hinh (a, b) De Iam ndi bat vj tri phan bd cua khodng vdt set vd oxit sdt, ttong bai bdo su dung kl thuat Crosta nham tang cudng su ttrong phdn giira cdc khodng vdt ttdn vd cdc ddi ttrgng khde trdn dnh Trong W thudt_ Crosta, cac dnh kdt qua PC4 nghidn cim phat hidn khoang vat set (dnh H), dnh tdng hgp khodng vat set, oxit sdt (dnh H + F), oxit sit (dnh F) dugc su dgng dd td hgp mdu RGB theo thu tu tuong dng Anh H+F dugc xac dinh bdng each Idy thdnh phan chinh thu nhit (PCI) cua td hgp anh H va F nhdm tdch lgc nhiing thdng tin co ban vd-khodng vft set vd oxit sdt Kdt qud td hgp mau bdng kT thuat Crosta dugc thd hifn ttdn Hinh Trdn dnh kdt qud nay, cdc pixel anh cd mau xanh nhat Id cac viing chira cd khodng vdt set va oxit sit, cdc pixel cd mau vdng - da cam thd hidn vung chira nhidu khoang vat set, cdn cac pixel cd mdu xanh Id cay thd hidn cdc khu vue chua nhieu oxit sat a) b) Hinh~5 PC4, vimg dnh mdu sdng the Men khodng vdt set (5a), khodng vdt oxit sdt (5b) Dd xac djnh dp chinh xdc cua phuang phdp phdn tich phin chinh phat hidn khoang vat set, khoang vft oxit sit, nghien ciiu su dung ban dd dia chat khoang san ti Id 1: 200000 khu vuc tinh Bde Kan ciing nhu cac tai lieu, thdng tin chi tidt vd cac md khodng sdn ttdn dia ban tinh [7] Phan tich kdt qua xac djnh su phan bd khodng vat set cho thiy, trii lugng ddt set d Bde Kan khdng nhidu Cac khu vuc chira nhidu ddt set tap trung d cac huydn Chg Ddn, Chg Mdi, Bach Thdng va thi xa Bac K^n Cdc viing cd mau vdng - da cam trdn anh thdnh phan cdng chinh phii hgp vdi cdc md khodng vat set Id thidn ldn trdn dja bdn tinh Bac Kan nhu md ddt set d xa Nggc Phdi, Qudng Bach (huyfn Chg Ddn), md ddt set d xa Ha Vj (huyfn Bach Thdng) - hinh Ngoai ra, dit set cdn phdn bd d mgt sd khu vuc khac: md Bdn Tdc (xd Ddc Vdn, huydn Ngdn San), md dit set d xd Thanh Binh, huyfn Cho Mdi Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trjnh Le HUng Hmh To hgp mdu RGB (H, H+F, F) Crosta vd kit qud phal hien khodng vdt set Phan tich kit qua phdt Men khodng vat oxit sit cho thiy.Bdc Kan Id tinh gidu tai nguydn khodng sdn sdt Cdc md qudng sat phan bd d hdu khdp dja bdn tinh Bac Kan, dd tap trung nhidu nhit d cdc huyen Chg Ddn, Ba Bd, Bach Thdng, Pac Nam, Na Ri Trdn td hgp mau Crosta anh phdn chinh cho thiy cdc khu vgc cd mdu xanh la cdy thi hidn vj tri phdn bd khoang vdt oxit sat cung phii hgp vdi vi tri cdc md sdt nhu Lung Vidn (xd Cdc Dan, huyfn Ngan Son), md Bdn Cudn (xd Nggc Phdi, huydn Chg Ddn), md Pu (xd Ddng Lac, huydn Chg Ddn), md Sy Binh (xd Sy Binh, huyfn Bjch Thdng), md Ban Phdng (xa Trung Hda, huydn Ngdn Son), md Qudng Khd (xd Qudng Khd, huydn Ba Bd), (Hinh 7) Nghidn cua kit qud phat hifn khoang vat set, khodng vat oxit sit khu vuc tinh Bic Kjn bing dd lieu dnh vd tinh da phd LANDSAT ETM+ cho thiy, phuong phdp phan tich thdnh phan chinh cd thd phdt hifn mdt each nhanh chdng vdi dp chinh xac cao vj tri phan bd cua khoang vdt set, khoang vat oxh sit, ddc bidt Id cac khu vuc md Id thidn Kdt qua nhdn dugc cd y nghia thuc tiin quan trgng, gdp phdn gidm chi phi nghidn ciiu ciing nhu cho kdt qud nhanh ttong didu tra, thdm dd khodng san 155 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM So 51 ndm 2013 Mo sat PiiO, Dong Lac, Cho D6n Hmh Vi tri phdn bo khodng vdt oxit sat tren dnh kit qud tS hap mdu Crosta Ket luan Phdn tich ddc trung phan xa phd cua mot sd loai khoang vat cho thiy dnh vd tinh da phd dp phdn giai trung binh LANDSAT ETM+ cd thd dugc su dung hidu qua ttong phat hifn va du bao vi tri phdn bd oxit sat, dat set So vdi phuang phap td hgp mdu vd ti sd anh, phuong phdp phan tich phan chinh cd khd ndng phat hifn khoang vdt set vd oxit sat vdi tin cay dam bao han Kdt qua phdn tich phan chinh cho thdy, dd phat hidn khoang vat set va oxit sat thudng sir dung phdn chinh thu tu Phuang phdp phan tich thdnh phan chinh kdt hgp kT thuat td hgp mdu Crosta cho phep lap ban khodng vdt sdt, set vdi dd tin cay cao Bdn dd phan bd khoang chit dugc xay dung cd the dugc su dung hidu qua kdt hgp vdi ban dd dia chat va cdc sd lieu didu tra thuc dja thdm dd, khai thac mgt sd logi khoang sdn 156 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM 21- Trinh U Hung TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Van Dai (2002), Casd vien thdm, Nxb Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi Amro F Alasta (2011), "Using remote sensing data to indentify iron deposits in central western Libya", International conference on Emerging trends in Computer and Image processing Bangkok, pp.56 - David M Sherman (1995), "'Electronic spectra of Fe'''^ oxides and oxide hydroxides in the near IR to near UV", American Mineralogist, Vol 70, pp.1262 - 1269 Dematte J.A.M., Fiorio P.R., Ben-Dor E (2009), "Estimation of soil properties by orbital and laboratory reflectance means and its relation with soil classification", The open Remote sensing Journal, Vol 2, pp 12 - 23 Hankan Mete Dogan (2012), "Mineral composite assessment of Kelkh River Basin in Turkey by means of remote sensing", Journal Earth System Science 118(6), pp.701 -710 Md Bodruddoza Mia, Yasuhiro Fujimitsu (2012), "Mapping hydrothermal altered mineral deposits using LANDSAT ETM+ image in and around Kuju volcano, Kyushu, Japan", Journal Earth System Science, 121(4), pp.1049 - 1057 www backan.gov (Ng^y Tda so^n nh$n difQC bdi 22-6-2013: ngayphSn bi$n ddnh gid: 10-9-2013, ngiiycliSp nhSn ddng: 16-10-2013} 157 ... vdt oxit sit bdng dd lieu anh vd tinh LANDSAT ETM+ Phuang phdp phdn tich phin chinh (principal components analys) Id mdt thudt toan ddc trung xu Ii dnh vf tinh da phd nhdm Idm ndi bat ddc tinh. .. Khi dd, PC4, oxit sit cd mdu sdng, thuc vft cd mdu toi (Hinh 5b) Md hinh phat hifn khoang vdt oxit sit bdng dii lifu anh LANDSAT ETM+ dugc thd hifn trdn Hinh dudi day Dii lieu anh LANDSAT Kenhl... oxit sit, ttong nghidn cim ndy su dung dnh LANDSAT ETM+ khu vgc tinh Bde Kan (Hinh 4) Anh dugc chup vdo 08-11-2007 la thdi didm miia khd, khdng bj anh hudng cua mdy vd suong mil DQ lieu dnh LANDSAT