Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Tap chi Khoa hgc Thrdng Dgi hgc CSn Tha Phan A Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Cong nghe va Moi InrdTig 30 (2014) 70 77 Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru''''dng Oai hpc Can IM website sj ctu edu vn D A N H G I A T H I C H N G H I[.]
Tap chi Khoa hgc Thrdng Dgi hgc CSn Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Cong nghe va Moi InrdTig: 30 Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'dng Oai hpc Can IM website: sj.ctu.edu.vn D A N H G I A T H I C H N G H I DAT DAI KET HOP iTNG DUNG PHU'ONG PHAP TOAN TOI irU LAM CO SCT CHO QUY HOACH SU" DUNG DAT NONG NGHlfiP TAI HUYEN cot DO, THANH PHO C A N THO Nguyin Hiru Kiet\ Le Quang Trii Bing Thanh Binh^ va Thilu Quang Thien" ' Klioa Mdi trudng & Tdi nguyin Thiin nhien, Tnrdng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha ^ Viin Nghiin cuu Biin ddi Khi hgu Tnrdng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha ^ Hoc vien cao hoc Qudn ly Dat dai Khoa 17, Tnrdng Dgi hoc Can Tha •* Hoc vien cao hgc Qudn ly Ddt dai Khoa 19, Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Thdng tin chung: Ngdy nhdn: 07/06/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 25/02/2014 TUle: Combination between land evaluation and objective optimization mathematics model is as a basic for planning of the agricultural land in Co Do district Can Tho city Tit khda: Ddnh gid ddt dai, todn toi tru, guy hogch su dung ddt dai, CdDo, ddt ndng nghiep Keywords: Land evaluation, optimal mathematics, land use planning, Co Do, agricultural land ABSTRACT Results of study showed that eight promising land use types were selected for physical land evaluation in the Co Do district -where three land suitability zones -were identified Via the application of optimal mathematics algorithm, each land use type -with its optimal area could be identified according to the actual natural resources and other constraints in the Co Do district In addition, land use types were evaluated in terms of economic outcome with reference to present, showing an increased gross- margin, leading to increased benefit of these land use types Regarding to social effect, the obtained showed the increase in average income per farmer Jn addition, result of study also illustrated a proper procedure to combine the physical land evaluation and optimal mathematics algorithm in the Co Do district and land use types with optimal benefit rely on natural resources and constraints were selected for agricultural land use planning TOM TAT Kit qud nghiin cuu da chon loc ldm kieu sir d^ing co triin vong d viing nghiin ciru Phdn hang thich nghi ddt dai tir nhien ciia huyin dd phdn duac viing thich nghi cho kieu sir dung ddi dai Ung dung phuang phdp todn toi uu dd chi dugc cdc kiiu sir dy.ng vdi diin tich hgp ly diiu kiin hr nhien cdc rdng buoc vd lua chon hdu hit ddt nong nghiep cda huyin Co Do Tren ket qud do, da ddnh gid hiiu qud cda cdc mo hinh diTQC chon so vdi hiin trgng cho thdy vi mdt kinh ti tdng tong thu nhdp, gia tdng lai nhudn cua cdc kiiu su dting ddt dai Hiiu qud vi mat xd hoi cho thdy thu nhgp binh qudn tren lao dong nong nghiep tang Kil qud cua nghiin cuu da xdy dung quy trinh kit hap giiea ddnh thich nghi ddt dai tir nhien vdi phuang phdp todn toi uu trin dia bdn huyen, tir cdc kiiu sir difng ddt nong nghiip vdi lai nhudn toi uu nhung vdn dap iing trin cdc rdng bugc nguon tdi nguyen dugc chon di dap ung cho quy hogch sir dyng ddt ndng nghiip Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai hgc Can Tha Phdn A Khoa hgc Tir nliien Cong nghe vd Mdi tnrdng: 30 (201^j% M O DAU Hien co rit nhilu phuong phip dinh gia de dua giai phap nhim nang eao hieu qui sd dung dat, hiu hit eac phuang phip niy tap trung hudng nghien cihi nhu: Dinh gii thich nghi dit dai theo FAO; Dinh gia hieu t^ua ddi vdi timg loai cay ttdng de tir bl tri, sip xip lai mo hinh canh lic mdi phu hgp hon nhim su dung dit dai mpt canh hgp ly, tilt kilm, hiiu qui vi kliai thac toi uu tiem ning dat dai Tuy nhien, ylu ciu cy the dat li Iim vdi mpt diln tich dit nong nghiip cu the cua vimg, dua trin kit qui dinh gii thich nghi dit dai ve mat tu nhien (FAO, 1976) bing phin mim ALES (Rossiter, D G & Amiand R Van Wambeke, 1997), vile chpn lira kilu sd dung dit nao vdi quy md di^n tich li bao nhieu 6s tdi uu hoa ve mat hi^u qua kinh tl cic dilu ki?n rang bugc vl ty nhien, kinh te va xa hgi ciia viing Do dd, vJQc ling dung bai toan quy hogch myln tinh LP (linear programming) di toi da hda myc tilu theo cic dieu ki?n rang bugc de giii quyet vin dl tten li can thiet va mang tinh ting hpp toan diln ca ve mat ty nhien vi tdi uu kinh tl (Nguyin Hai Thanh, 2008) Viec dng dyng cic phuong phap toan tii uu sd dyng dit nhim xac dinh dugc quy mo, co eiu su dyng dit hgp ly vi dgt hieu qui cao li mpt hudng nghiin cdu mdi ttong vi?e dinh lugng hoa cy thi va cd ca sd khoa hgc vimg chic qua viee irng dyng Module Solver Diy li mpt cong cu cao cap eiia Microsoft Excel dung dk giii bii loan quy hogch tuyin tinh, bin Solver ed thi giii dupe bai toan din 200 biln ttong Excel 2003 Tuy nhiin so in ed thi vugt qua gidi hgn tten bing Add-Ins Premium Solver ho Up den 2000 biln (Nguyen Hii Thanh 2007) Do dd, vifc ung dung bai toan quy hogeh tuyen linh de tii uu hda vl m?it kinh tl su^dyng dit nong nghiip d huyen Cd Do, Thanh Cin Tha li can thilt PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN c u t ; 2.1 Phuomg phap thu thgp so lilu thd cap Thu thip bin hanh ehinh huyin Cd Do nim 2012 ty 1? 1/30.000; Bin dl dit ty le" 1/25 000 ciia huyen Cd Do - Thu thgp cac sl li^u nhu: Dilu kiln m nhien kmh tl - xa hpi, cic thing ke bio cao tinh hinh san xuat nong nghiep quy hoaeh su duns dit den nam 2020 vi kl hogch su dung dit din nam 2015 cua huy?n Co Do Thanh phi Cin Tho , - So lieu thing kl dit dai nim 2011 ->012\so Ii?u kiem kl dii dai 2005 - 20 i 2.2 Phuong phip di^u tra nong hp ^.' Dilu tta bing bang eau hdi chuin hoa (Standardized questionnaire Survey) thu diap thfins tin dua tten nhiing eau hdi dugc xiy dung sSn dugc ap dung tten mpt mlu ngiu nhien viaw nghien cdu: Chpn nglu nhien ndng hp ttIn ck xg thupc dia bin huyen Cd Dd theo tung kilu sii dung dit nong nghiep dilu tra cae thdng tin chu ylu njnr; Ngudn lire va quan ly tai nguyen _n6n^ hO; Ho?i dpng sin xuit vi thu nhap; Cic ylu td thu|n loi khd khan aph hudng din cac kilu sd dyng Chi tiei sd miu dieu tta kilu sd dung dit (LUT- Land Use Type) sau di xu ly cdn lai nhu sau: LUT 1: Mo hinh Lua vy: Ddng Xuin, He Thu va Thu Dong (30 phieu) tten cie xi Dong Thing, Trung Hung, Thdi Dong, Trung Thanh, Thanh Phu, Thdi Xuin, Trung An LUT 2: Md hinh Lua vu: Dong Xuan.va He Thu (30 philu) trin cac xa Trung Hung, Tlnii Dong, Trung Thanh, Thgnh Phii, Thdi Xuan, Tniiig An va thi ttin Cd Do LUT 3: Mo hinh Liia vu - Ci (25 phi^u) tten xi Thdi Hung - LUT 4: Mo hinh Lua vy - Mau {30 philu) tren cic xa Thanh Phti, Thgnh Qudi, TM Hung, Trung Hung, Trung An LUT 5: Mo hinh Chuyin Miu (27 philu) tten cac xi Thanh Phii, Trung An, Thdi Hung, Trung Thanh LUT 6: Mo hinh Nudi Trlng Thiiy San (30 philu) ttIn xi Thdi Hung LUT 7: Mo hinh Chuyin Cay An Trii (30 phieu) tten xa Thdi Hung - L U T : M h i n h L u a - M i u - L d a + Ci(30 philu) ttIn xi Thdi Hung 2.3 Phirong phap phan tich va xu ly sl lifu 2.3.1 Phdn tich hieu qud ldi chinh cdc mo hlnh sdn xudt Lgi nhu?in thuin: RAVC (Return Above Variable Costs), dk so sanh igi nhuan ttIn cdc in6 hinh canh tac khic nhau, theo eong thde: RAVC = GR-TVC GR (Gross return) Tdng thu nhap ciia mo hinh canh tic (sin Iugng x gia bin) - TVC (Total Variable Costs) Ting chi phi (Chi phi vit tu) , Hi^u qui ding v6n : BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) dl xem gia trj mot ddng vln bo cho timg mo TQP chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dai hoc Can Tha Phdn A Khoa hoc Tu nhien Cong nghe va Moi tnrdng- 30 (2014): 70-77 hinh eanh tie se thu duge bao nhieu ding Idi vdi cong thde: I' BCR = RAVCATVC 2.3.2 Ddnh gid ihich nghi ddt dai bang phdn mem ALES (Automated Land Evaluation Systems) theo nguyen ly ciia FAO (1976) (Rossiter, D G & Armand R Van Wambeke, 1997) Chgn lpc va mo ti kilu su dyng dit dai Xac dinh yeu cau vl dat dai cho cic kilu sd dung dat dai da ehpn Ipc Xay dung cac ban dl don vj dit dai - Chuyin doi nhiing dac tinh dit dai eiia cae chit lugng dit dai Doi ehilu giiJa yeu ciu dat dai cua eac kilu sd dung dat dai vdi cac chit lugng dat dai ttong mdi don vi ban dl dit dai Kit qua cho dugc phan hang ning thich nghi dit dai 2.3.3 Phdn viing thich nghi ddt dai vd trinh bdy bdn Sd dyng chuc nang phin nhom CLUSTER cua phan mem PRIMER phan vimg thich nghi dit dai dua ttIn ma ttgn tuong dong (similarity mattix) cua cac don vi dit dai theo cic mdc phin hang thich nghi (Sl-Thich nghi cao, S2- Thich nghi ttung binh, S3- Thich nghi kem, N- khong thich nghi) cho cac kieu su dung dat (Nguyen Hihi Kilt, 2009) Su dung phan mim IDRISl kit nii vdi phan mim ALES truy xuit kit qui dinh gia thich nghi dit dai bing ban dl dang raster (pixcel) cho timg kilu su dung dat (Nguyin Hiru Kiet, 2010) - Su dyng ph&i mim MAPINFO bien tip vi ttinh bay kit qua bin dgng vector (diem, dudng, vung) 2.4 Phuong phap xay dyng bai toan quy ho^ch tuyen tinh toi mi hoa kinh tl 4.1 Hdm mi/c tieu (Objective function) - Biin sl quyet dinh: Cic bien so quylt dinh Xl (i = 1, 2, , n) cua bai toan chinh la dien tich timg kiiu sd dung dit Theo kit qui dieu tta ndng hp vi quy hogch sd dyng dit huyen Cd Dd frin dia ban huyen ed kilu su dung dat ehinh Tu ket qua do, xie dinh dugc bien ciia bii toan nhu sau: Xl la dien tich dit tting Liia vu (ha); X2 Ii diln tich dit ttIng Liia vy (ha); X3 li dien tieh ttIng Liia vu - Ca (ha); X4 la di$n tich ttIng Liia vu - Miu (ha); X5 la diln tich ttIng Chuyen Miu (ha); X6 la dien tich Nuoi Trlng Thiiy San (ha); X7 la dien tich frong Chuyen Ciy An Trai (ha); Xg la dien tich Lua - Mau - Liia + Ca (ha) - He sd cua ham muc tilu (C,): La chi tieu Igi nhuin (trieu dlng/ha/nam) cua kilu su dung dat tu kit qua dieu tta nong hg Him muc tieu Z (objective fiinction) tii uu vl lgi nhuan cua cac kieu su dyng dit dupe viet nhu sau: •Hc.x, 2.4.2 Hi rdng buoc (Subject to the constraints) Dang tong quit eua he rang bugc nhu sau: X a„-A , {) bj, j = 1, Z, i, , X , > 0, i = zl, 3, , n X: Biln so la dien tieh eae mo hinh su dung dat, cac gia tri ciia bien so phai > 0; m: Sd rang bupc cua bai toan; n: So biln cua bii toan; a,j: He so cua ring budc j vai i = 1, 2, , n vij = 1,2, ,m; bj: Gia tri gidi hgn ciia rang bugc j vdij = 1, 2, ,n; Ci: HI so ciia ham muc tieu vdi i = 1,2, , n; (aij, bj, c cd thi nhin cie gia tti ngiu nhien) - Cac ylu to ciia he ring bugc dugc xac dinh dya ttIn ngudn tii nguyin san cd ciia huyen (dien tich dit nong nghiep, luc lugng lao dgng ndng nghiep) va cac yeu to ky thuat, kinh te va xa hpi anh hudng din vile quylt dinh cac kilu sii dung dit nong nghiep tii ket qua dieu tta nong hg: + Gidi hgn vl dien tich gieo ttong: Khong vupt qua diln tich dit ndng nghiip va dien tieh dit thich nghi ve tu nhien theo kit qui danh gia thich nghi dat dai tu phan mem AES + Dieu kien vl d^n bao lao ddng: Dim bao khdi^ vugt qua nang cung dng lao ddng nong nghiep tai chd ciia huyen + Dilu kiln vl cic ylu tl thuan Igi tir kit qua dieu tra liln quan din cic kieu sd dung dat nhu: Ky thuat canh tie, thj trudng, td chuc xa hoi, cung cap giong, lao dgng, chit lugng nude, cong cy lao dgng Day la eac ylu tl c6 anh hudng den vile chpn lua quy mo cic kilu sd dyng dit Dgng tong quat eua cac ham ring huge nhu sau; Tap chl Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha I; Khoa hgc Ttr nhien Cong nghe va Moi tnrdng: 30 (2014): 70-77 KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ £ C,X, < be d : % cic ylu t l thuin Igi liln quan den cac kilu su dung dit; X,: Biensd bai toan b: % gia ttj trung binh cic ylu tl thuin Igi lien quan den eae kilu sd dyng dat e; ting di?n tich dit nong nghiip cua huyin Dilu kiln khdng im eua til ei cac biln: X, >0,vdii = l,2,3 ,8 - Giii bai toin quy hoaeh tuyen tfnh bang Module Solver cua Microsoft Excel 2003, 2007 hoac 2010 3.1 Ket qua d^nh gia va phan viing thich nghi dit dai Kit qui danh gia thich nghi dit d^ bang phin mim ALES cho tung kiiu sd dyng dit dugc truy xuit bing bin dl theo 10 don vj dit dai cua huyen Cd Do Tuy nhien, dl cd nhin nhin tong quan vl mdc dp thich nghi cua cic kilu su dyng dit nen tiln hinh ehing lip ban tten IDRlSI va sd dung chuc nang phan nhom (CLUSTER) ciia PRIMER theo mde dp tuang ding (%) td thip din cao di phin thinh cac viing thich nghi chi^&i bilt ciia kieu su dung dit ttinh bay ban ttIn MAPINFO dieo Hinh Hinh va Bang nhu sau: Hinh 1: Ket qua phan nhdm thich nghi dit dai ciia cdc kilu sir di^ng dat Bang 1: Ket qua phan vung thich nghi ty nhien hifn tai ciia cic kilu sir dung dat Mirc thich nphi Diln ticb (ha) Tile(%) Nhdm vilDg Dim vi dSt dai Kieu si^ dung dit 31,38 8,9 LUT2, LUT3, LUT4, LUT5, Sl 9.742,29 I LUT6 LUT1,LUT7, LUT8 S2 1,2.4.5,7 10 LUT2, LUT3, LUT4, LUT5 53,67 11 S2 16.662,64 LUT6 Sl 3.6 LUT2, LUT4, LUT8 III 7,93 S3 2.461,34 11 Duong giao thong, kenh rach 7.02 2.181,40 Tong di?n tich 100 31.047,67 Ghi chu: LIT I Lua vt4 LUT 2- Lua2vu LUT3: Liia vu-Cd, LUT 4: Lua vu-Mau, LUT 5: Chuyen Mdu LUT Nudi trdng thuy san LIT' Cdy An Trdi LUT 8: Lua- Mdu - Lira va Cd;Sl (Thich nghi cao) S2 (Thich nghi trung hinh) S3 (Thich nghi kem) Tap chi Khoa hgc Tntang Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn 4: Khoa hgc Tir nhien Cdng nglie vd Mdi tnr&ng: 30 (2014) 70-77 • HUVEN V'I^H THANH KI6N GIAN(> Hinh 2: Ban phan vung thich nghi dit dai cua cac kieu sir dung dit 3.2 Ket qua m6 hinh toan quy bo^ch tuyen tinh toi iru hoa Ipi nhu$n xac djnh quy md vi kilu su dung dit ndng nghifp 3.2.1 Thiit lap bdi todn Him muc tilu ciia bai toan: Z = 64,7Xi + 37,11X2 + 39,33X3 + 44.52X4 + 104,72X5 + 131,08X6 + 83,7X7 + 43,33X8 -» Max Xic dinh he cie him rang bupc + Gidi han vl di?n tich gieo ttIng 8; X7