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TRUCJNG DAI HOC D 6 N G THAP Tap chf Khoa hoc so 16 (11 2015 /LY THUYET DA THONG MINH J vA DOI MCti PHl/ONG PHAP DAY HQC & BAC DAI HOC 1 • PGS TS Tran Khanh B(icr\ TS Phgm HQu NgaT Tdm tat ^ Bdi viet[.]
Tap chf Khoa hoc so 16 (11-2015 TRUCJNG DAI HOC D N G THAP /LY THUYET DA THONG MINH vA DOI MCti PHl/ONG PHAP DAY HQC & BAC DAI HOC J • PGS.TS Tran Khanh B(icr\ TS Phgm HQu NgaT Tdm tat ^ Bdi viet trinh bdy nhihig mdi quan hi tnic tiep giUa l^ thuyit da thdng minh ciia nhd tdm ly hoc My Howard Gardner (1983) vdi yeu cdu ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hgc d bgc dgi hgc theo hudng}^ huy tinh chd dgng vd sdng tgo d ngUdi hge, dgy phuang phdp, day cdch hgc Di phdt triin cdc ndni luc (dgng thdc thdng minh) d ngudi hgc, phuang phdp dgy hoe d bdc dgi hoe cdn cd su Si mdi cm bdn til quan ni$m, quy trinh, ky thuqt, cdch thdc thiic hiin trin ca sd kit hop da phuong phdp k thdng tin, da gidc quan, da phuang tiin, da hogt dgng Til khod: ly thuyit da thdng minh, phuang phdp dgy hgc, dgi hgc Ddt vd'n d l Ddi mdi gido due dai hpc ndi chung vd ddi mdi phtfdng phdp day hpc d bde dai hpc ndi ridng dd vd dang Id ydu elu cap bdch ciia hd thdng gido dye dai hpc d cde ntfdc, ttong dd cd ntfdc ta nham ndng cao chit Itfdng vd hidu qud ddo tao dai hpc Tuydn bd cfla Hdi nghi qudc td ve gido due dai hpc ndm 1999 tai Paris UNESCO td chtfc da chi rd: "Gido due dai hpc cin dtfdc bdo ddm tdng ctfdng chtfc ndng phd phdn vd khdm phd, ndng cao chit Itfdng vd khd ndng thichtfngvdi cdc nhu clu vd bidn ddi nhanh chdng eiia ddi sdng xa hdi iiidn dai " Nghi quydt sd 14/2005/NQ-CP ngdy 2/11/ 2005 ei3a Chinh phu Viet Nam ve Ddi mdi edn bdn vd todn didn gido due dai hpc Vidt Nam giai doan 2006-2020 ciing da dat ydu clu: " dip thu tinh hoa nhdn logi, nhanh chdng tiip cdn xu thi phdt triin gido due dgi hge tiin tiin tren thi gidi triin khai dSi mdiphUOngphdp ddo tgo theo tieu chi: Trang bi cdch hoc; Phdt huy tinh chu ddng cda ngudi hge; SUdung cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng hogt ddng dgy vd hgc" D I ddp tfng nhffng ydu clu vd ddi hdi mdi eiia nin gido due dai hpc hien dai, viec nghien ctfu tfng dung vd phdt tiidn Iy tiiuyd't da tiidng minh ttong qud trinh ddi mdi phtfdng phap day hpe d bdc dai hpc da vd dang Id mOt ttong nhiing vin d l dtfdc quan tdm Ph^t tridn ttf va ly thuydt da thdng minh 2.1 Trf va dac didm cua trf Ttf Id ndng Itfc dde ddo e£ia ht nao ngtfdi - dpng vdt eao cap cd J thtfc, ttf hi^n hffu ttong ddi song ttf nhidn hdng ngdy ciia am ngtfdi (tdi ttf - toi ton tai) Thong qua qua tiM phdn dnh hien thtfc khdch quan (stf v§t, hi^n ttfdng ) Idn bd nao cua ngtfdi vdi cac giai doan tri gidc, ttf cdm tinh (hinh thSnh hli dnh, bieu ttfdng) vd ly tinh (phan tich, tdng hdp, so sanh ) d l hinh thdnh hd thdng khdi niem,flm hidu bdn chat, cau tnic, quan hd, quy luat., cfla ede stf vdt, hidn ttfdng lam cd sd, djnh htfdng cho hdnh ddng Suy nghi (ttf duy) vd hdnh dpng cua ngtfdi khdng phdi hodn todn nglu nhign, tiT phii md xuit phdt ttf cac nhu c^u ciia xa hdi v^ cila mdi cd nhdn (nhu clu sinh hpe ve tdn tai vll bio tdn, phdt tridn ndi gidng; nhu eau xa hdi (c^ nhSn tin tai, hod nhdp vd phdt tridn xa hgi); niu clu nhdn tiitfc (hieu bidt, gidi tiiich Uidgidi khSii quan xung quanh vd chinh bdn thdn ngi/tlll Khoa hpc ttf da khang dinh r^ng: qud trinhni tich ctfc vd sang tao ehi thtfc stf dilnrakk eon ngtfdi dtfng trtfdc nhO^g vd'n dl (flnh hudnj ed vdn de, nhffng mau thuin ttong hilu bi^tvi nhdn thtfc ) doi hoi phdi suy nghi (ttf duy) de fin cdch gidi quydt tdt nhit vd qua bidn thou? tin thdnh tti tiitfe, Mnh thdnh ndng Itfc nSdi d^gii quyet vdn de ddt khong theo nhDUg khu6n t& cd san (ndp nghi, thdi quen cu dd dinh hinh la' ddi qud trinh sdng vd boat ddng cfia ttiii nhdn) Ndng Itfc ttf ddc bidt Id nr singf cua ngtfdi thd hidn tinh nhay bdn cua tirdU tiirdc nhffng ngudn thdng tin vd thay ddi cuafft '•' Vi6n Stf pham ky thuat TntfJng Dai hpc BSch khoa H& Noi.thtfc khdch quan vd phu tiiudc rat nhilu viod *"* TWdng Dai hoc Dong Thap 22 FRUONG SAI HOC BANC THAP i-eu tS, trang th4i v i qui trinh tSm - sinh 1^ (qui A i h himg phfa - lie ch^; tri nhd, ttfdng tirong, hen adng, xiic cJm, ji chi ) NSng life tir theo cic Inh vUc Ii chu-c nfag co bSn cua cic ban clu dai lao trii v i phii (xem Mnh 1) B^n c l u nao t r a i B^n c l u nao pbai (Ttf ly tinh) (TlT d i ^ cam tuih) Logic, qui trinh Bi^u tifdng, hinh Snh C^c sd^, chuSi, tinh todn Nhip di^u, §ni nhac Ng6n ngi!, tir, ISp lugn M6 hinh, stf ttfdng ttfdng Hinh CSc chi^c nang ctf ban cAa hai ban du d^i nao 2.2 Ly thuydt da thdng minh Quan nidm ve tri thong minh dang cd nhfflrig thay ddi Idn vdi tinh chdt da dang hdn chuyen ttf ddn tti tue (IQ) sang da tti did (Multiple InteUigenees) Theo Ly thuydt "Da thdng minh" eua nhd tdm ly hpc My Howard Gardner (1983) ve cdc dang thdng minh thi cd cdc dang thffc chu ydu sau: (1) Thdng minh logic - todn (Logical - Mathematical Intelligence) (2) Thdng minh tff vifng - ngdn ngff (VerbalLinguistic Intelligence) (3) Thdng minh thi gidc - khdng gian (Visual Spatial Intelligence) (4) Thdng minh ed tiid (Bodily - Kinesthetic [ntelligence) (5) Thdng mmh dm nhac (Musical InteUigence) (6) Thdng minh ndi tdm (Intrapersonal Intelligence) (7) Thdng minh ttfdng tdc (Interpersonal [ntelligence) (8) Thdng minh thien nhidn (Natural Intel'igence) Cdc dang thtfc thdng minh ttdn Id tiln d l , ed ?d dd tao nhffng ndng Itfc da dang cila cde ed ihdn khdc vd chffng cin dtfdc hinh tiidnh vd jhdt tiien ttong qud trinh day hpc ddc bidt d bdc lai hpc Nang Itfc trf duy: The hien d ede khd ndng Tgp chf Khoa hoc so 16 (11-2015) ttf nhtf: tinh todn, phan tich, tdng hdp, nhdn dinh, phdn xdL Nhffng ngtfdi cd ndng Itfc ttf tdt thtfdng cd tri nhd td't, gidi suy ludn, khdi qudt, nhdn dang (hinh dnh, eon sd ) Ndng Itfc ttf ndy rat thich hdp vdi hlu hdt cdc iTnh vtfc, dac bidt Id edc Iinh vtfc tinh todn, khoa hpc - cdng nghe, nghien cvCn ly ludn Nang Irfc ngon ngiT: The hidn d cdc khd ndng didn dat, sff dung cdng cu ngdn ngff (ndi, dpc, vidt ) vdi tri ttfdng ttfdng phong phu, nhay cdm, Idi euda Nhffng khd nang ndy rd't thich hdp cdc ITnh vtfc ngdn ngff, vdn chtfdng, stf pham, ludt stf, truyen thdng Nang Itfc vdn ddng: Thd hien d cac khd ndng van ddng (ehi huy, dilu khiln, thtfc hien ) cdc loai hinh vdn ddng eiia cdc bd phdn ed thd nhtf chan, tay, thdn, mit, midng tao stf kheo Ido, uyen chuydn ttong thtfc hidn cdc ddng tdc, dd dang didn td hodc truyin dat cdm xdc, y ttfdng qua hinh thd Ndng Itfc ndy rd't thich hdp ddi vdi cdc linh virc vdn hda - nghd thudt, thd thao, thu cdng - my nghd Nang Itfc km nh^c: Thd hidn tinh nhay edm ddi vdi cdc giai didu, tid't tlu, dm thanh, cdm xuc qua cdc gidc quan ddc bidt Id thinh gidc Nang life ndy ndi ttdi ddi vdi nhffng ngtfdi ttong cdc Iinh vtfc am nhac, truyen thdng, nhan dang, tim kid'm thdng qua edc Ioai tidng ddng, dm Nang Itfc thj giac: Thd hidn qua cde khd ndng ndi ttdi ttong ttf hinh dnh, Mnh ttfdng, khdng gian, bd cue, mdu sic (vdt the, vi tri, tpa dd ) thdng qua cdc gidc quan ddc bidt Id mit Ngtfdi cd ndng Itfc ndy rdt thich hdp vdi cde lmh vtfc hinh hpa, hdi hpa, didu khdc, ttang tri, dinh vi khdng gian Nang Itfc ttfdng tac: Thd hidn qua khd nang tinh te, nhay edm, thau hidu ttong nhin nhdn, ddnh gid edc dd'i ttfdng (con ngtfdi, stf vide) qua tidp xuc trtfc tidp hodc gidn tidp Ddy Id ngtfdi ed ndng Itfc thdu edm, cd dau dc td chtfc, eo kha ndng Idi cudn, thuyet phuc cao, cdi md, dd gdy dnh htfdng ddn ngtfdi khdc Nang Itfc ndy rd't thich hdp ddi vdi cdc linh vtfc bdo ehi, qudng cdo, ngoai giao, gido due, qudn I;^, lanh dao the hidn xu htfdng htfdng ngoai Nang Itfc nOi tam: The hidn cupc sdng ndi Tap chi Khoa h(?c so 16 (ll-j TRUONG DAI HOCebNGTHAP tam phong phU, co xu htfdng htfdng tara Nhiing ngtfW c6 ning Itfc n6i tam rat am hieu bin thin, c6 Ithi ning nhin bi^t, dinh gii chuSn xic cic cim xdc v i hinh vi cua minh, lim chi bin than Diy l i dang thifc thong minh In dSu thtfSng thify d nhOng ngtfdi thich suy ttf, c6 kha ning tip trung cao d6, lim viec doc lip, ki6n nhin c6 nang nhin nhin cic stf viSc, hien ttfdng d ting sau B i y li nhitag ning Itfc thtfdng thiy d cic nhi trift hoc, ngh$ sT sing tao, nhi nghiSn ctfu NSng bfc t h i i n n h i i n : The hiin c i c ning nhay cim vdi m6i tttfdng thien nhien, thich quan sit, tim hi^u ve th^ gidi ttf nhien (ddng, thtfc vit, dit, ntfdc.) v i c i c hoat dong ngoii trdi Thiin htfdng niy c6 ich cho cic linh vtfc ndng nghidp, mdi trtfdng, sinh h o c Hoat dOng ttf duy, dac bi$t li ttf sing tao khdng chi bd hep ttong phara vi y thUc (mac d i diy li pham vi die thi v i thtfdng xuyen cua ngtfdi) m i cdn c6 lien he vdi cic ving tilm thlJc v i vd thtfc (quan h i giffa cii nd - cii toi v i cii siiu tdi) D^ lim dtfdc viic dd cin tao (rin luy0n) cich suy nghi, cich ttf thdng thoing, mach lac, linh boat khong bi tfc che bdi cic dieu elm ky, ban che de dtfdc ttf ttf ttfdng, ttf ttong sing tao, nhin dang v i bit nhip nhanh vdi nhffng bifa ddi nhanh chdng cua hien thtfc khich quan Chuydn tff cich nghJ, cich lim md mim (phtfdng phip thi" - sai) sang cic phtfdng phip ttf vi hinh ddng sing tao, bien chtfng, h i th&g, hdp quy luit, mang lai hieu qui cao Die biet li ning khic phuc c i c stfc i tfim 1^ thdi quen, khudn mill, dinh kiin eu tao nhitag rio cin ttong ttf vi hinh dpng Lf thuyS't da thdng minh v i d^i mdi phtfdng p h i p d^y hpc d b$c d^i hpc 3.1 Ban chift cua ho^t dOng d^y hpc Chung ta deu biet, day hoc l i hai mat cua mOt qui trinh ludn tic ddng qua lai, hS sung cho nhau, quy dinh iln nhau, tham nhip v i o thdng qua boat ddng cdng tic nhim tao cho ngtfdi hpc ning phit triln tti tai, tJnh cim, gdp phin hoin thien nhin cich Stf thSng nhit giffa day v i hpc li quy lujt cfla qui ttinh day hpc Bin chii ciaquitnnhdfyhQclim^th^ tttmg tdc co dinh hiOng (mifc Heu day hfc) v i cd the so d6 hoi nhtf hinhl 24 M u c t i i u d#y h p c : Winh thinh va phi, trien nhdn cdch, ndng luc tu sdng too, ^ thdng minh i N6i dung day bpc J Ho^tdOng n^y CQng t&c Truyin dat Di^u kbi^n TifvEfn/HStrrf Day - Hgc ~i HofldOBgBitl VSnduni i I M6i trUdog v^ cic dilu ki$n day h^c Hinh Ban chtft cua qi& trinh dgyhffc f Stf khdc eOa eac quan nidm day boc nkm d chd nhan manh nhilu ddi vdi ydu to n^ ttong cdc chtfc ndng ci^a day vd hpc Theo qiuo nidm tiuyen thdng, nhdn manh chtfc nSng traydn dat ci^a vide day vd chtfc ndng Gnh hdi cua viec hpc md chtfa chu y thich ddng ehffc ndng diet khidn qud trinh nhdn thtfc, qud binh lmh hpi m ngtfdi hpc cua vide day vd tinh tich ctfc, chil dooi ttf dilu kiiidn qud trinh nhdn thtfc cua ngirdi hoc ttong qud ttinh hpc cua imnh Ngrfdc Iai, theo quan nidm hidn dai v l vide day hpc, ngUW&ii eoi ttpng ydu td dilu khien stf pham cua gjdo via vd sir chu ddng, tich ctfc eua ngtfdi hpc dSy, vai ttd cua gidng vidn da cd stf thay dii cdn baa, Ngtfdi gidng vidn phdi bidt gdi md, htfdng dk day cho ngtfdi hpe cdch nhdn dang vd giii qnyei vdn de, tim kidm vd xff li thdng tin, ttf dd ^^odui? vdo ttfng flnh hudng cu the qua phdt trien cac ndng Itfc tri tud Tuy nhidn, mudn dtfdc nhtf va) cin coi tixmg moi trtfdng cpng tdc giffa ^ c ii] vd vide hpc, ddng thdi ngtfdi hpc phdi b i ^ H i ^ khidn qud trinh nhdn thtfc ciia minh thdng go" viec tich ctfc, chfl dOng,tifItfc chidm nnh nOidoBf hpc vdi stf ho ttd eua ngtfdi day Cilng tuf nhBi? vdn de da d$ edp d trdn, chiing ta ±iy theo 91* ni^mhi$n dgi, n^i dung d^ hpc khong ddBm thUc ma conphM chdy ^nphuangphi^ hiM Hay ndi m$t cdch khdc triin khai m$t W* rRU(3NG DAI HOC D N G T H A P Tgp Chi Khoa hpc sg 16 (11-2015) igng dgy hgc ngutfi day phdi bUt lUa chgn, phoi - Biet ket ludn, phan tich, ddnh gid chtf hi^h^lyvh CO hi^u qud cdc phUOng phdp dgy khdng chi bidt thuan chdp nhan; Hgc cho ngutfi hgc khdng chi cd Men thdc, - Bidt nhin nhdn qud khff vd htfdng tdi kiiu bidt, fey n&ng md tgo miu ki$n cho hg tdi ttfdng lai; :go lgi, dng d^ng vd phdt triin dtigc cdc kiin thdc, - Bidtttrduy chtf khdng chi Id ngtfdi hpc tiiuOc; ty ndng vd cung qua hinh thdnh vd phdt - Bidt dtf bdo, thich tfng chtf khdng chi phdn yriin cdc dgng thiic thong minh ihig thu ddng; Hoat ddng day hpc da tri tud d bdc dai hpc - Cl^p nhdn stf da dang chtf khdng chi tudn >hdi rat eoi trpng muc tidu hinh thdnh vd phat thd dieu ddn nhdt; ^ridn ndng Itfc (ndng Itfc ttf duy, nang Itfc hdnh - Bidt phdt tridn chtf khdng chi chuyln giao lOng, ndng life nghe nghidp) cho ngtfdi hpc Theo 3.2 Sinh vidn va d^c didm cua ho^t d$ng -juan diem cQa tdm li hpc stf pham, ndng itfc ngtfdi hpc t^p iipc hinh thdnh vd phdt tiidn tdt nhdt ttong qud Tdm II hpc stf pham dai hpc da chi rd ngtfdi Irinh boat ddng nhdn thffc vd thtfc tiln cua chu hpc d dai hpc cd nhiTng ddc diem sau: •hi Ndu qud trinh day hpe dai hpc quan tdm thich - Sinh vien Id nhffng ngtfdi trtfdng thdnh ve tdng ddn hoat ddng tich ctfc, ch^u ddng, sdng tao the chdt, nhdn thffc, tdm ii Do dd, smh vidn phdi 'Qa ngtfdi hpc thi ngtfdi hpc se cd cd hdi hmh dtfdc tfng xff nhtf Id nhffng ngtfdi Idn ttong mpi idnh vd phdt tridn ndng Itfc phdt hidn vd gidi boat dpng; uydt vdn d l ; ndng Itfc thich tfng vd sdng tao ttong - Sinh vidn Id nhiJng ngtfdi da cd dinh htfdng oat dOng thtfc tiln vd lao ddng nghi nghidp nghd nghidp (mde dil cd the chtfa rd idng vd 6n Theo quan nidm cua UNESCO yeu clu ddi dinh) Vide vdo hpc mdt trtfdng ndo dd, m0t di sdn ph^m dai hpc (ngtfdi tdt nghidp) ttong thdi ngdnh ndo dd gSn vdi nhu elu, sd thich vd ldi ich hidn nay: Cd ndng Itfc tri tue vd cd khd ndng ciaa sinh vidn Van de Id day hpc ldm nudi ing tao vd thich tfng; C6 khd ndng hdnh d0ng dtfdng, kich thich dtfdc n i l m say me, nguydn :dc ky ndng sdng) d l ed the ldp nghiep; Cd ndng vpng vd dinh htfdng nghe nghidp cua sinh vidn; irc ttf hpc, ttf nghidn ctfu de ed (he hpc thtfdng - Sinh vidn hodn todn cd khd ndng ttf hpc, ttf Uydn, hpc sudt ddi; Cd ndng Itfc qudc td (ngoai ^ , vdn hod todn ciu ) dd cd khd nang hpi nhdp nghidn ctfu Tuy nhidn khd ndng dd nhilu hay it, phdt tridn hay khdng phdt tridn cdn phu thudc vdo Theo tidu chu^n cua Hidp hpi cde trtfdng dai nhilu ydu td, ttong dd cd edeh day ciia gidng vidn pc qudc td thi sinh vidn phdi Id nhffng ngtfdi: Hoat dpng hpc tdp eua sinh vidn cd cdc ddc - Cd stf sdng tao vd thich tfng cao ttong mpi iadn cdnh chtf khdng ch! hoc dd bdo ddm tinh diem sau: ^u^n mtfc, khudn mlu; - Hoat ddng hpc tdp Id mot hoat ddng nhdn S - Cd khd ndng thich tfng vdi edng vide mdi chtf thtfc (ttf duy) hodc nhdn thtfc - hdnh dpng cd tinh jidng ehi trung thdnh vdi mdt ch5 ldm nhd't; muc dieh, dinh htfdng cao; - Hoat ddng hpc tdp ehi cd iiidu qud cao j; - Biet vdn dung nhffng urttfdng mdi chtf khdng xudt iiien nhu clu hpc tdp (ed mdu thuin nhdn id bidt tuan thu nhffhg dieu da dtfdc dinh sSn; thtfc hoae ndng Itfc); ^ - Bidt dat nhffng cdu hdi dung chtf khdng - Hoat ddng hpe tdp ddi hdi ed stf kdt hdp chdt |ii bidt dp dung nhffng ldi gidi ddng; - Cd ky ndng ldm vide tiieo nhdm, binh ding che giffa hoat dpng ttf logic vd cdm xuc, giffa ^^ng edng vide chff khdng ttian tiiu tiieo stf phdn tri tu^ vd tinh cdm, giffa nhdn thtfc vd hdnh ddng ; - Hoat ddng hpe tdp cd tinh ed the eao, dong ic quyin uy; ' - Cd hodi bao dd ttd tiidnh nhii*ng nhd khoa tiidi chiu stf tdc dOng, ehi phdi ciia mdi trtfdng hpc ^e ldn, cdc nhd doanh nghidp gidi, cde nhd Idnh tdp (dilu kidn,vi hdu, dnh sdng, nhdm hpc ^,0 xudt sic chtf khdng ehi ttd tiidnh nhffng ngtfdi vidn, ldp ); - Hoat ddng hpc tdp ehi the hidn dtfdc kdt • m edng dn Itfdng; ' - Cd ndng Itfc flm kidm vd sff dung tiidng tin qud vd hidu qud thdng qua qud trinh vdn dung vdo thtfc tien vd phdt trien sdng tao; ^a khdng chi dp dung nhffng kidn tiitfe dd bidt; i' 25 TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP - Hoat ddng hpc tdp dtfdc tiie hidn d nhieu mtfc dp khac v l kien tiiffc, ky ndng va tiidi dp Qud ttinh hpe tdp la qud ttinh tiftig btfdc phdt ttien d cac mtfc ttinh dp cao ed ve kidn tiiffe vd ky ndng (theo thang bdc ciia BLoom); - Cdc kidntiiffcva ky ndng mdi bao gid cung dtfdc Mnh dianh vd phdt tridn dtfa ti^n vdn tii tiitfc dd ed vd edc ky ndng lao ddng cd bdn De cd nhffng khd ndng dd, smh vidn phdi cd cdch hpc chu ddng, sdng tao, ren luyen Idid ndng tir Itfc tim kidm, chpn lpc vd xff Ii ihdng tin Nghidn ctfu khoa hpc Id mdt ndi dung gido due d dai hpe, mdt hoat ddng qud ttinh ddo tao, qud tiinh hpc tap Bdn chat eua hoat ddng nghien ctfu khoa hpe Id tim tdi, sdng tao, phdt minh nen nhdt thiet phdi ed hai dau hidu cd bdn Id: mdi vd dtfdc kidm chtfng khdch quan Hoat dpng nghien cffu khoa hpc cua sinh vidn cd mpt sd ddc diem rieng nhtf sau: Hiuc vu muc dich hpe tdp, muc tidu ddo tao; Nhu cau khdm pha, nhdn thtfc khoa hpc Id nhOlig dong cd ehu yeu cua boat ddng khoa hpc; Hoat dpng khoa hpc ein cd stf htfdng din eua gidng vidn; Trong qud trinh boat ddng khoa hpe, hinh thdnh tinh dde ldp ve nghi nghidp, ndng Itfc gidi quydt sdng tao cdc nhiem vu thtfc tien, gdp phin md rpng nhffhg tri thtfc Enh hdi qud trinh hpc tap Day cung chinh Id muc dich tham gia hoat ddng khoa hpe eua sinh vidn £>png cd hoat ddng khoa hpc cua sinh vidn thd hipn d cho: sinh vidn mudn hieu dtfdc y nghia xd hdi eiia boat dpng vd mudn khing dinh minh, mudn ddng gdp stfe Itfc ciia minh vdo giai quyet edc van de thtfc tidn vd khoa hpc; mudn tim tdi ham hieu bidt Nhieu sinh vien tham gia nghien cffu khoa hpc dd chuan bi cho hoat ddng thtfc tidn sau tdt nghiep dai hpc Hoat ddng khoa hpc cua smh vidn tiitfdng bdt diu ttf hoat ddng tdi tao vd irdi qua hdng loat giai doan khdc Mtfc det eao cua tinh tich ctfc sang tao cua sinh vidn thd hidn d vide hp ddt vdn d l mpt cdch ddc lap, ttf flm cdch gidi quydt vd Itfa ehpn phtfdng dn tdi UU Nhtf vdy, boat ddng khoa hpc Idm tdng tinh tich ctfc tri tud cua smh vidn, phdt trien ttf khoa hpc, ren luydn nhttng pham ehdt nghe nghiep quan trpng Do vdy, boat ddng nghidn ctfu khoa hpc cua sinh vidn ed mdi quan he chdt che vd tdc ddng qua lai vdi phtfdng phdp 26 Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 16 (11-2Qt day vd phiAtng phdp hpc d bac dai hoc, gdp{i| phdt tridn cdc dang thffc thong minh d siohni (chung hodc nhffng mat ndi trdi) 33 G ^ n g vidn va ho^t dpng ffin^^ b§c dai hpc bdc dai bpc, ddi ngti gidng vidn dm jc Id nhihig nha khoa hpc, nhd chuyen moncoA dp cao, gin bd vdi n ^ n e n cihi khoa hpc Nfatf i | de gidng day tdt d dai hpc ngudi gidng vien^ thod man dong tiidi ndng Itfc: ndng Itfc d^e mdn nghidn ctfu khoa hpc vd nang Itfc stf ^ Ndu ngtfdi day khdng co khd imng lim kiein.h chpn thdng tin; khdng cd khd ndng [ ^ t hieoT giai quydt van de thi khd md din dat ngUEH hock muc tieu da neu d tren, kho cd die day 'eft hpc, cdch ttf day" cho sinh vien d hoc dai hoc Mudn day tdt d bdc dai hpc ngudi dayiH thoa mdn mot sd yeu d u sau: - Gidng vidn phai ed hidu bidt, kien Qskv nhd trtfdng dai hpc, mdi trtfdng gido due dai bo (mdi trtfdng lao ddng nghi nghidp); - Gidng vidn phai bidt muctieu,tiofa dae diem cua ngdnh hpc, trtfdDg hpc ma dang day; - Gidng vidn phdi nam vttng ditfAig iriohA tao (mue dich, muc tieu, nhidm vu, npi duog^ hpc; phtfdng phdp vd edc hinh tiiffc lo cbdt^ hpc, kiem tra - ddnh gia ); - Gidng vien phai hieu id ngtfdi hoc, fe khai thdc ddng Itfc vd tilm nang cua ngudi b< vd ban chd nhttng tidu ctfc; - Gidng vien phai bidt van dung quy fc nguydn tic day hpc d dai hpc vd bidt htfhgi^ sinh vidn ttf hpc, ttf nghidn ctfu; - Giang vidn phai biet vdn dung cdcS thtfc day hpc, phtfdng phdp day hpc, sii 4B phtfdng tidn day hpc, bidt cdi tidn thUBng vsf vide day hpc Theo khuydn cdo ciia UNESCO yea tki vdi mpt giang vien dai hpc thdi dai hieafl (bdn canh chtfc ndng ttiiyin thdng Id lAaiW nghien ctfU khoa hpc mdi day ^ t dtfdc d fcW hoc) Id: - Hieu biet cdng nghd tfidng tin vd citi nang iftig dung cbiing day bpc; - Khi day hpc phai nhdn thtfc dung ddi *> rRUONG DAI HOC D N G THAP ;ddi ttrpng day - ngtfdi hpc vd ddi tirdng day hoc i0i dung day hpc), tten cd sd tiiao tdc dtfng ldi ttfdng; - Khi day hpc phdi bidt Iifa ehpn phtfdng phdp hich hdp vdi muc tidu vd ndi dung day hpc, phii ldp vdi dac tht ciia ddi ttfdng; - Phdi hidu cdu true cde phtfdng phap day hpe, Didt tiidn khai ddng quy ttinh vd bidt phdi hdp cdc phtfdng phdp day hpc ttong qud ttinh day hpc; - Thdu hidu cdch hpc ttong mdi tiirdng tiidng in vd thdng Itfu dd cd thd htfdng ddn sinh vidn lpc vd cd khd ndng ldm tdt vai ttd cd van cho hp; - Cd kidn tiitfc Itfdng vd danh gid gido ,lyc vd day hpc dd ddnh gid chinh xdc khdch quan cdt qud hpc tdp e^a ngtfdi hpe gdp phan khing dinh 'ihdt Itfdng sdn ph^m ddo tao cua minh Day hpc d bac dai hpc phdi Itfu y mot sd dac udm sau: - Day hpe d dai hpc phdi g i n lien vdi ddc 'iiem nganh nghi ddo tao, bdm sdt thtfc tidn kinh e - xd hpi vd stf phdt tridn cua khoa hpc, cdng "ighd lidn quan; ' - Day hpc d dai hpc rdt coi trpng phtfdng ihdp "Tim kidm" (Search), vl vdy rit gin vdi cdc •ihtfdng phap nghidn ctfu khoa hpc, phtfdng phdp >hdt hidn vd gidi quyd't van de, xff Iy finh hudng; ^i - Phtfdng phdp day hpc d dai hpc coi ttpng vide ihdt huy ndng Itfc ttf hpc, ttf ngtiien ctfu eiia ngtfdi ioc vd huy ddng cd hieu qud vai trd eua edc phtfdng Bdn, ky thudt, edng nghd day hpe hien dai Ddi vdi gidng vidn dai hpc, Hpi nghi qudc ^ v l gido due dai hpc the k^ XXI: tim nhin vd idnh ddng (1998) dd ndu len nhiJng nang Itfc can d cua mgt gidng vien dgi hgc mlu mtfc nhtf sau: jj (1) Cd kidn thtfc va stf thdng hidu ve edc |idch hpc khdc cua sinh vidn; ^ (2) Cd kidn thffc, ndng Itfc va thdi dd ve Idt theo doi vd ddnh gid sinh vidn nhim giiip jiP tien bp; j (3) Ttf nguydn hodn thidn bdn than jgdnh nghi ciia minh, bidt ffng dung nhffng tidu hi nghi nghidp vd ludn ludn cap nhdt nhffng idnhtijTumdi nhd't; ,, (4) Bidt ffng dung nhOhg kidn thtfc vl cdng Jgh$ thong tin vdo mdn hpc, ngdnh hpc eua minh; ', (5) Cd khd ndng nhdn bid't dtfdc nhffng tin Tap chi Khoa hoc so 16 (11-2015) hidu ciia "thi trtfdng" bdn ngodi v l nhu elu cfia gidi chu ddi vdi nhffng ngtfdi tdt nghidp; (6) Ldm ehu dtfdc nhihig thdnh ttfu mdi v l day vd hpc, tff cdch day hpe mdt giap mat den cdch day hpc tff xa; (7) Chu $ ddn nhffng quan didm va mong ffdc eua "khach hdng", tffe Id cua nhffng ddi tde vd sinh vien khac nhau; (8) Hidu dtfdc nhffng tdc ddng ciia nhffng nhdn td' qudc td vd da van hda ddi vdi nhffng chtfdng tiinh ddo tao; (9) Cd khd ndng day nhffhg Ioai sinh vidn khdc nhau, thupc nhffng nhdm khdc vl dd mdi, mdi trtfdng kinh td - xd hpi, dan tpc vd bidt cdch Idm vide vdi sd gid nhilu hdn mdt ngdy; (10) Cd khd ndng bdo ddm ede gid gidng chinh khda, seminar hodc tai xtfdng vdi mdt sd Itfdng sinh vidn ddng hdn; (11) Cd khd ndng hilu dtfdc nhffng "ehidn Itfdc thich ihig" vl nghi nghidp cua cde cd nhdn Gidng vidn dai hpe ed thd cdn ctf vdo nhffng ydu cau ndy ma chpn mpt sd linh vtfc cin thidt nhit dd'i vdi minh d l di sdu Died the ddp itngyiu cdu trin, dgi ngd gidng viin dgi hoc cdn rkn luyin ndng lUe, phdm ehdt cua mdt nhd khoa hgc chdn chinh vd mgt nhd sU phgm tdm huyet, nhd hogt dgng vdn hda - xd hgi tich cue vd Id mdt nhd qudn ly gido due tdi ba (xem hinh 3) Hinh Md hinh t^ng thi c^c d$c triAig cua ngUM giaag vi£n n^n gi£o di^c d^i hpc hi^n d^i 27 TOtJONG OAI HOC BONG THAP Tap chf Khoa hpcsS 16 (11-20B K^tlu^n ctfc v4o q u i trinh nang cao ch^t luang dio taoil> Ddi mdi phtfdng phip day hoc bac dai hoc hoc, phit ttifa cac nSng Itfc ttf vk hinhaa, theo htfdng day hoc da tri tue n h t o hinh cua sinh vi6n q u i trinh hoc tSp v4 lao doij v i phit triln cic dang thtfc (ning Itfc) thong minh nghi nghi$p sau tgt nghi$p./ chung vi ndi trpi cho smh vi6n se gdp phin tich Tai li$u tham kh^o [1] J Dcnome, M Roy ( 2001) (sach dich), Tign tdi m0t phuang phdp sUphfm tuong tdc, m Thanh nien vi Tri thtfc , , , , [2] TrSn Khinh Dtfc (2007) (DSng chu bien), Gido due Vilt Nam - dot mdi vd phat triln ^, dai hda, NXB Giio due [3] Trin Khinh Dtfc (2013), Ly ludn vd phuangphdp day hoc hien dai, NXB Dai hoc (Ju&gii Hi NOi [4] TrSn Khinh Dtfc (2014), Gido due vd phdt triln nguon nhdn luc thSky XXI, NXB Gii due Vi$t Nam, Hi NOi , , i [5] Nguyen Thi My LOc (2004) (Chii bi6n), Mdt s6 vdn di vl gido due hpc dai hoc, NXB Dii hoc QuOc gia H i Noi i [6] L4 Dllc Ngoc (2005), Gido due dai hoc - Phuang phdp day vd hoe, NXB Dai hoc (Juoc gii Hi NOi ^ i [7] Allan C Omstein, Thomas J Lasley (Ban dio tao Dai hoc Q u & gia bien dich), Cdc dm lUdc de day hqc eo hilu qua [8] Tii hOu tip huSn, Huin luyin PP SP du dn VAT cia AUSTRALIA - 2000 [9J Thii Duy Tuyen (2001), Gido due hoe hi$n dfi - nhOng vdn di ea bdn, NXB Dai hoc Qii« gia, Hi NOi THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES AND METHODOLOGY INNOVATIONS AT HIGHER EDUCATION Summary This paper shows the direct relationship between Multiple Intelligences Theory (Howra Gardner, 1983) and the necessity of innovations in higher education methodologies, which aiii at raising learner autonomy and creativity, instructing learning methods To develop learner abHiifi (intelligence types), higher education methodologies need innovate basically from mindsd, procedures, techniques, strategies, etc on the basis of combined multi-methods, information, sensed media, activities Keywords: Theory of Multiple Intelhgences, teaching methods, higher education Ngdy nhdn bdi: 01/10/2015: Ngdy nhdn lai: 27/10/2015; Ngdy duyit ding: 02/11/2015 28 ... thdng minh thi cd cdc dang thffc chu ydu sau: (1) Thdng minh logic - todn (Logical - Mathematical Intelligence) (2) Thdng minh tff vifng - ngdn ngff (VerbalLinguistic Intelligence) (3) Thdng minh. .. thdng minh Quan nidm ve tri thong minh dang cd nhfflrig thay ddi Idn vdi tinh chdt da dang hdn chuyen ttf ddn tti tue (IQ) sang da tti did (Multiple InteUigenees) Theo Ly thuydt "Da thdng minh" ... Intelligence) (4) Thdng minh ed tiid (Bodily - Kinesthetic [ntelligence) (5) Thdng mmh dm nhac (Musical InteUigence) (6) Thdng minh ndi tdm (Intrapersonal Intelligence) (7) Thdng minh ttfdng tdc (Interpersonal