NGHIEN CLTU TRAO DO! a TINH PHO B161 VA TINH D A C THU CUA QIJYIN CON NGU61 TIJ PHUONG Dito GIAO DUG 1 Quan niem ve quyen con nguoi tCr phu''''ong dien giao due Tir phuong dien giao due, cd the quan niem[.]
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DO! a TINH PHO B161 VA TINH D A C THU CUA QIJYIN CON NGU61 TIJ PHUONG Dito GIAO DUG PGS TS NGUYEN VAN DONG * Quan niem ve quyen nguoi tCr phu'ong dien giao due Tir phuong dien giao due, cd the quan ngudi, dd chira dung nhiing cbii truong Idn, mang tinh tdng the, khai quat ve muc tieu, tinh chat, noi dung, nguyen niem quyen ngudi la ddi tugng tac tac, dpng ciia chinh sach nha nude ve giao due quyen ngudi nham hinh thinh d mdi (chinh sleh giao due quyen eon ngudi), doi cl nhan nhirng tri thirc va phim chit nhlt tupng dieu chinh cua phlp luat ve giao due dinh, tren co sd dd ca nhan mdi cd dii kha (phap luat ve giao due quyen eon ngudi) va nang va dieu kien thuc bien quyen eon la quyen ca ban cua eon ngudi ITnh ngudi cua minh mpt each dung dan Chinh vuc giao due (quyen ciia ngudi duge sleh gilo due quyen ngirdi ciia nha hudng nen giao due tien bg), la ndi dung nude duge the che boi thinh phlp luat ve quan trpng eiia cdng tac giao due ciia xa gilo due quyen ngudi, co gil trj bat hoi doi vdi ngirdfi (cdng tic gilo due huge ddi vdi mgi c l nhin, td chirc xa quyen ngudi cua xa bdi) hoi va duge nha nude bio dam thuc hien / / Quyen ngudi - ddi tuemg tdc dpng ciia chinh sdch nhd nude ve gido due binh thuc, phuong phap giao due bang tat ca cac bien phap, cd bien phap cuong che Khi quyen ngudi trd ddi tugng Viec xay dung vl hoan thien chinh sleh tic dpng ciia chinh sleh nha nude ve giao gilo due quyen eon ngudi la nghTa vu cua due thi tir gdc he th6ng, be thdng mdi nhl nude thai dai ngly nham cac chinh sach giao due cua nhl nude xult tao CO sd, nen ting de xay dung va hoan hien bp phan mdi (hay chinh sach mdi hoac thien phap luat gilo due quyen ngudi phan he chinh sleh mdi) - bg phan (chinh sach, phIn he chinh sleh) gilo due quyen ngirdi - • 1.2 Quyen ngudi - ddi tuang dieu chinh cua phdp ludt ve gido due Nhu tren da ndi chinh sleh giao due Chinh sleh (hay phan he chinh sach) quyen ngudi phai duge the che boa gilo due quyen ngudi ciia nhl nude la phap luat ve giao due quyen ngirdi toln bp cle quan diem, thai dp ciia nha nude deii vdi viec gilo due quyen TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 1/2011 Giang vien chinh Khoa hanh chinh-nha nuoc Truong Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi 19 NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI de cho xa hdi phai thuc hien thi chinh sleh ciia minh ve tri thiic van boa tien bg va giao due quyen eon ngudi cua nha nude mdi nhiing hieu biet, kham pha khac duge "hien thue boa", "vat chit boa" Khi Moi nha nuoe thdi dai quyen eon ngudi la doi tugng tac dong cua khong nhirng cd nghTa vu ghi nhan vl bio chinh sleh giao due cua rrbl nude thi nd dam thuc hien quyen ciia eon ngudi duge cung trd doi tugng diiu chinh cua budng nen giao due tien bg ma cdn thudng phlp luat ve giao due Nhu vay, tir gdc be xuyen md rong noi dung v l hoan thien thdng, he th6ng phap luat ve giao due nhiing bao dam phap li cho viec thuc hien ciang xuat hien bg phan phap luat mdi (hay quyen phu hgp vdi su phat trien va thay he thdng phap luat nhd mdi hoac phIn he ddi cua xa hoi v l cua thai dai phlp luat mdi) - bg phan phap luat (be thdng L4 Quyen nguai - npi dung quan phap luat nhd hay phan he phap luat) ve giao trpng cdng tdc gido due ciia xd hoi ddi due quyen eon ngudi vdi nguai (cdng tdc gida due quyen eon Phlp luat ve giao due quyen ngudi la nguai cua xd hoi) toan bg cac quy pham phap luat ve giao due Trong xu the xa boi hoa giao due thi quyen eon ngudi, nha nude dat (hoac giao due quyen ngudi da va dang trd thira nhan), the hien y chi nha nude va duge bg phan, noi dung quan trgng cua nhl nude bao dam thue hien cong tie giao due eiia xa hdi Cdng tac giao Tren co sd chinh sach giao due quyen due cua xa hdi la toan bg nhirng boat ddng ngudi, cle nhl nude deu cd nghTa vu cd muc tieu, dinh hudng, nguyen tac, npi xay dung va hoan thien phap luat ve giao dung, hinh thiie, phuong phap nhat dinh, due quyen ngudi cac td chuc xa bdi va mgi ea nhan tien banh L3 Quyen nguai - quyen ca bdn ciia d6i vdi ngudi nham cung cap cho eon nguai linh vice gido due (quyen eiia ngudi nhirng tri thiic can thiet va pham chat nguoi duac huemg nen gido due tien bp) can ed de hg ed suy nghT dung va thue bien Quyen cua ngudi duge budng nen hanh vi dung phu hgp vdi y ehi va Igi ich gilo due tien bg la kha nang cua ngudi chung cua xa bdi Vdi y nghTa nhu vay, giao duge ddi hdi, duge yeu cau nha nude vl xa due quyen ngudi tir phia xa hoi 11 boat hoi dip img cac nhu cau chinh dang cua dong cua xa hoi nham cung cap cho eon minh vi hgc tap, nang cao trinh hieu biet ngudi nhiing tri thiie can thiet ve quyin eon mang tinh tich cue ve tu nhien, xa hoi va ve ngudi, hinh d eon ngudi nhirng phim chinh ngudi; duge tu minh thuc hien chat can cd de thue hien quyen ngudi nhting binh vi hgp phap, chinh dang nham mot each diing dan, phu hop vdi y chi va Igi thoa man cle nhu cau hgp phap, chinh ding ich chung cua xa hoi 20 TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 1/2011 NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI Cac td chirc xa bdi va cle doan the quyen ngudi duge bieu la bat cir dii quan chiing moi quoc gia duong dai ngudi d dau, thudc ve dan toe nao, chung CO nghTa vu thudng xuyen ddi mdi, holn toe nlo, nam hay nir, tinh trang tai sin thien noi dung, hinh thiic, phuong phap sao, ed chinh kien gi deu cd cac quyen giao due quyen ngudi, nham hinb ngudi vdn cd cua minh, khdng cd the tude vl bdi duong kien thirc chung ve doat duge quyen ngudi xa hoi, tren co sd Tuy vay, quyen ngudi cdn cd tinh dinh hudng hinb vi dung dan eiia eon dac thii ciia nd Tinh dac thu nly ed duge la ngudi xa bdi quyen eon ngudi ludn ludn gan chat vdi Tinh bien va tinh dac thii ciia ngudi ma mdi ngudi deu la thinh quyen nguoi tu- phu-oiig dien giao due vien ciia mot cdng ddng ngudi cd chung • ngudn goc hinh thanh, tam li-tu tudng, ngon 2.1 Tinh phd bien vd tinh ddc thic ciia quyen ngudi ngii, ldi sdng, sinh boat cdng ddng, van boa, Quyen ngudi - gil tri xa hoi duge phong tue, tap quan, phuong thirc san xuat, thira nhan chung tren toan the gidi tu bin V.V.; cho nen viec chuyen boa quyen eon than no da cd tinh bien va tinh dac thu ngudi tir chd la nhting kbi nang ed duge, cd Tinh phd bien ciia quyen eon ngudi da the sang trang thai hien thuc boi elc kha dupe tuyen bo tir Tuyen ng6n dpc lap cua nang mdi ca nhan luon ludn bi chi My nam 1776, Tuyen ng6n nhan quyen vl phdi (hay chiu sir tic ddng) bdi cac nhan td dan quyen cua Phap nam 1789 va dac biet hinh thinh va tdn tai ngudi ciing nhu dupe tiep tue khang djnh Tuyen ngdn cac nhan td quyet dinh su boat ddng (bay the gidi ve nhan quyen cua Lien hgp qude sinh boat) cua ngudi Ndi each khac, su nam 1948: "Mpi ngudi sinh deu tu vd "hien thue hoi", "vat chat boa" quyen hinh ddng ve pham gid vd cdc quyen" ngudi ciia mdi ca nhan, mdi cdng ddng (Dieu 1): "Mpi ngudi deu duac hudng tdt ngudi deu chiu anh hudng cua cle nhan td cd cdc quyen vd tu neu bdn Tuyen ve kinh te, chinh tri, van hoi, xa hoi ngon ndy, khdng cd bdt ki sir phdn biet ddi mdi quoc gia, dan tdc, mdi khu vuc xit ndo ve chung tdc, mdu da, gidi tinh, tren the gidi ngon ngu, tdn gido, chinh kien hoac quan Vdi nhan thiic nhu tren ve nguyen cd diem khdc, ngudn gdc ddn toe hoac xd sinh "tinh dac thii cua quyen ngudi", hoi, tdi sdn, gidng ndi hay cdc tinh trgng cd the khang dinh rang tinh dac thii eiia A:/;ac"(Diiu2).