Applying Uneven Number (Te’gennebali) of Certain Elements in Bola Ugi District of Soppeng South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Applying Uneven Number (Te’gennebali) of Certain Elements in Bola Ugi District of Soppeng South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Applying Uneven Number (Te’gennebali) of Certain Elements in Bola Ugi District of Soppeng South Sulawesi, Indonesia Procedia Engineering 161 ( 2016 ) 810 – 817 1877 7058 © 2016 The Authors Published b[.]

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