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CMlAll l l mJM PtfC XAYDIfNGVAHOANTHIEN MOI TRirdNG GIAO DUC DAI HOC O PGS TS PHAM H O N G Q U A N G " 1 Cdc ludn diem Md hinh truong dai hoc (DH) hien dai pbdi ddm bdo 9yeu cdu co bdn sau day 1) Ld t[.]

CMlAll l l mJM PtfC XAYDIfNGVAHOANTHIEN MOI TRirdNG GIAO DUC DAI HOC O Cdc ludn diem - Md hinh truong dai hoc (DH) hien dai pbdi ddm bdo 9yeu cdu co bdn sau day: 1) Ld trung tdm DT chat luong cao; 2) Ld trung tdm tap hop gom nhung SV cd ndng luc tri tue phdt trien d mLTC cao; 3) Ld cdng dong todn tdm todn y sdng tqo NCKH; 4) Ld trung tdm boi duang cap nhdt van hod vd hodn thien tri thuc; 5) C6 lien thdng hop tdc DT, NCKH vd chuyen giao cdng nghe; 6) Ld trung tdm gidi quyS't cdc vd'n de khoa hoc cua dja phuong vd dot nude, khu vuc vd the gidi; 7) Ld trung tdm tu vd'n ve khoa hoe cdng nghe cho cdc cap qudn li de ti> cd quyet djnn dung ddn di/a tren co sd \i ludn vd thi/c tien; 8) Ld mot eong dong gom cdc thdnh vien tieh cue tham gra xdy dung nen van hod hod binh; 9) Phdi ludn thich ung voi nhjp song hien dqi, phij hop vdi dgc diem yeu cao cOa moi qudc gia vd phu hap voi xu the phdt trien cue thai dqi Mot quan niem ve gido due rd't ddng chu y: Gido due Id mot thu quyen vd Id mot age auyin md ngudi nhgn phdi bo cdng si/c ae dvgc bu&ng, chu kbdng phdi Id mdt mdn bdng dugc bdn bdi cdc nnd qudn li vd cdc gidng vien Nghien ci/u thi/e te d DH LongBeach v d Columbia University of Education (Hoa Ki, 2010) dd cho t h ^ cdc truong xdcdmh tdm nhinnhu sou: Chuyen tdi kien thue vd hieu biet bin vung, khoi ngudn edm cho todn cdu; vol aid tri: suy nghtpbia trudc, hop tdc, cam ket chat lugng Id tdm diem cho cdc HD; truyen edm bung cho mgi tbdnh vien, too mot mdi truang gom cdc gidng vien cung nghien euv dua cdc chuang trinh, ngi dung, unb vi/c edn ddi mdi Day co the dugc coi Id cac nhdn to' ca bdn tqo lap moi trodng tot nhat cho cac ca hoi hoc tap vd nghien cuu sang tqo - dieu kien ddm bdo cno mot truang DH cd ducrc chf so' hap dan cao Nghi quyet Dqi hpi E}dng Ian thu XI d d xae dmh quan diem ddi mdi edn bdn vd todn dien PGS.TS P H A M H O N G Q U A N G " gido due Do vdy, GDDH, theo chung tdi, phdi doi mdi theo cdc phuong d n sou day: DT gan vdi nbu cdu xd hoi v$ nhdn luc gom nhung yeu cdu mdi; DT theo ehudn, ddm bdo ehdt lugng; phdt trien gido dye ton trgng cdc quy ludt cua kinb te thi truang, he thdng gido due edn phai thich ung vdi yeu cdu mdi cua thdi dgi Truong DH d Viet Nam dang phdi gidi quyet mdu thuan CO bdn: giua tinh ehdt vd xu budng cua thi frudng hod chi phdi cdc HD GD-DTvdi chuc ndng cua truong DH Id phdt trien van bod, khoa hoc va tang cudng hieu biet cho ddn chung Myc tieu GDDH nham DT nhi/ng nguai nang dong sdng tqo, tu chu, cd dc phe phdn, cd ndng lijc gidi quyet vd'n de mdi ndy sinh, co ndng luc tqo nghiep, tien than, lap nghiep «thi truong sue lao d d n g " N g u d i c6 trinh DH phdi co nang luc tu hoc vd sang tqo, biet to chuc nghien cuu vd trien khai cdc y tudng khoa hoc vd phdt trien nhung ndng luc vd phdm chd'l td't dep cua mot chuyen gia iTnh vuc chuy§n mdn vd ttnh vuc xa hpi khdc - Thdnh phdn ay ban cua mdi truong GDDH Thdnh tuu cua Tdm If hoe d d xdc dinh quy luqtco bdn qud trinh nhdn thuc chinh Id qud trinh «cbuyen vdo trong" cac y§u cau khdch quan thdnh cdi chu quan cua nguai Doi vdi gido dye, cd the hieu qud trinh gido dye vai myc ti§u la chuyen vdo cdc npi dung hoc vd'n bien no thdnh niem tin vd hdnh ddng Co sd If ludn gido dye dd xdc dinh vai trd cua cdc nhdn to' ddi vdi su hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn each, dd Id: Yeu to' sinh hpc - di truyen Idm nen tdng, ydu to moi truong Id auyet dinh, yeu td' gido dye giu vai tro chu ago, nnung yeu to' tu HD cua cd nhdn Id yeu to' quyet dinh true tiep Trong qud trinh HD cue cd nhdn, su tiep nhgn cdc dnh huomg chfnh Id su lya chpn tu yeu to' tac ddng: + Yeu tdben tong * Tracing Bai lioc sr pham - fiH Thai Nguyen Tap chi Giao due so (ki a - i/aoiai cua mdi truang gido dye nhd truong Dd Id: chuang trinh - npi dung bao gom: mdc mdi cua kien thuc, sy thiet cOa tri thuc - hpc van dd'i voi ngudi hpc d muc dp vd li^u luang phu hap; yeu to' phuong phdp day cua gidng vien; each ddnh gid cua ca quan qudn li gido dye; cdc muc dp khuyen khfch (khen thudng); mdi trudng vdt ehd't vd cdc dieu kien hpc tdp Trong yeu td' ben npi luc, viee chu the tri tdm trang hdo mdi trudng giao tiep thdn thien, tieh cue Td nhdn to' cue ki quan trpng; + Ve'u td ben ngodi: Id sy thua nhdn cua ngudi su dyng nhdn lye ve van bang vd ket qud hpc tap Ket qud khdo sdt thuc tien d d cho thd'y: vdn ton tqi hien tupng tuyen dyng thdng qua cdc quan he cd nhdn, ddnh gid thieu khdch quan vdy ngudi yeu kem van cd the co ca hpi tot hen nguai gioi Dieu ndy cd tdc ddng nguac tra Iqi trudng DH, dnh hudng xd'u den SV cd ket qud hoc tap tot qud trinh hpc tap d trudng DH Do vdy, cd the xud't hien xu huang Id nhd tuyen dyng theo tieu chi trinh dp bang cd'p ndo thi trudng DH se tqo nhung SV cd nhung tieu chi Con cd sy cdng hudng giua hai yeu td' tren [gom nhung nhan td' tfch eye) ben vd ben ngodi truong hpc moi cd the tqo ddng lye tot cho ngudi hpc, mdi CO the ddm bdo ehdt luang thyc cua GDDH Khi xdc djnh ddng luc, ddng ca day cua gidng vien DH can quan tdm den cdc khia cqnh thuc tien SOU day: Phan Ion gidng vien tham gia gidng d a y coi trpng myc tieu vi danh d y , uy tin chuyen mdn cua ngne nghiep de no lye cd' gang; mot so' gidng vien vi myc tieu de cd thu nhqp cao hon; mot so' it mong mud'n de cd co hpi de thdng tien chuyen mdn vd nhCrng tdc ddng khdc den ddng ca gidng dqy Tuy nhien, cdc nhdn to' tdc dong den ddng luc day cua gidng vi§n DH hiSn d d xud't hien nhSng dp luc sou day: co sy qud tdi gidng dqy cua mdt sd' gidng vien cd trinh dp; mdt so' gidng vien c6 quan he tieu cue vdi SV ve tdi chfnh Idm lech Iqe diem sd', don den su thieu khdch quan ddnh gid (benh thdnh tieh, ket qud sal lech); cd su long phi nguon lye gidng vien DH mot so' tham gia vdo cdng tdc qudn li hode d i l u chuyin cdng tdc; ed hien tuong co cum, «bao son" d mot so' ngdnh, mot so' trudng dan den sy long phi, lam gldm ddng lye dqy cua nhCmg gidng v i i n gidi a nhdm coi trpng danh d y , uy tin chuyen mdn Do voy, no cd dnh hudng xd'u deri ngudi gidng vien thyc hien nhiem vy chuyen hod cdc yeu cau khdch quan (ben ngodi) thdnh cdi chu quan (ben trong) cua ngudi hpc Idm cho Tap chi Giao due s6 (ki a • 1/2012) hp tu y thuc dupe cde nhiem vu hpc tap; to' chuc cdc hinh thuc hpc tap theo dong- day hpc ^idi quyet vd'n de, day hpc theo edeh x u li tinh huong, dqy hpc thdo ludn nhdm nham gidi quyet mdu thuan cua npi dung dqy hpc G i d i p h d p phdt trien mdi trudnq GDDH Ve nguyen tac, yeu to' tqo nen tfnh cnd't quyet dinh cua mdi trudng [cd tfnh ehd'txd hoi cua nguai) chu yeu bai muc dp tham gia cua cd nhdn chiem Itnh, tiep thy, chuyen hda cdc dieu kien ben ngodi tra thdnh ddng luc ben cua chu the Hoy ndi mdt edch khdc, HD cua chu the nhdn each Id thdnh to' quyet djnh true tiep dd'i vdi sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien cua nhan each dd Do vdy, cdc quan d i l m tu gido dye, tu hoc, tu qudn, tuddnh aid dupe hinh thdnh d ngudi hpc [dupe coi Id ket qud ben vung cua gido dye) chfnh Id su ton trpng quy ludt ndy Gido dye nhdn each chi ed the dupe coi Id phdt trien ben vung cdc thdnh phdn gido dye Idm cho chu the dot duac ket qud bdi HD cua chinh bdn thdn ngudi Nguy§n tac ndy khdng mdi, nhung thyc te gloo dye chua dupe quan tdm day du, nhat Id bd'i cdnh xd hpi hien dqi, nhieu hdnh vi xd'u cua ngudi hpc khdng phdi tu ket qud, phucng phdp gido dye nhd trudng dem Ipi md bdi chinh tdc ddng xd'u cua mdi trudng xd hpi dd dupe chu the tii'p nhdn Tuy nhien, vai chuc ndng chu dgo, vai trdch nhiem cua gido dye nhd trudng edn cd dinh hudng sdm vd ddy du doi vai cdc tdc ddng he thdng gom nhijng tieu chi ca bdn can hodn thien truac vd qud trinh DT - Hodn thien tieu chi mdi trvdng gidng dgy d phqm vi cd'p trudng gom ede mdnh p h d n : + CSVC gom dien tieh phdng hoc du ehudn (cdi tien trang tri lop hpc), bdn ghe thiet ke don, co the xep ddt linn hoqt; cd mdy chieu, mdy tinh, mqng Internet ; ed tdi lieu vd cdng cy no tra gidng dqy [bdng thdng minh, bdng tu, cde hpc lieu dan gidn, may phd td); + Hoc lieu cung, gom: gido trtnn, de cuong bdi gidng, de cuong mdn hpc, tdi lieu tham khdo chinh, ket qud nghien cuu (cdng trinh, bdi bdo khoa hpc); dja chi cdc Website hpc tap; + Quan be giua gidng vien vd S V ( d a y Id thdnh td co bdn) gom mdi trudng HD: Tren lap gom giao tiep dupe dinh luang bai cdc vd'n de dupe neu ra, thdo ludn, cdc cdu hoi, cdc phuong d n , so Idn SV tfch cue trd lai; x u li dung cdc y kien phdn hoi tu SV; cdc quan he xung quonh npi dung dqy hpc Id quan he loi Ngodi gid len lap g d m e d e HD giup d d rieng, chua bdi tap; hudng ddn dpc tdi lieu; chi dan hope huang dan di tndm quan thyc te Hpi nghi khoa hoc gom cd'p ngdnh (do gidng vien gidi thieu, SV tham gia), cd'p trudng (SV dupe huy dong tham gia), cd'p khoa/bp mon (SV chu ddng tham gia), hoqc SV ty td chuc: + Quan he giua SV vdi cdng ddng: chu yeu ddnh gid khd ndng Ion too SV trien khoi cdc HD: khoa hoc, vdn nda, tu thien vdi cdng ddng; coi trpng khd ndng van ddng tuyen truyen ve khuyen hpc, trien khoi cdc vd'n de xd hoi Tdm Iqi, nhCrng tieu chi tren ddy boo gom cdc dieu kien CSVC vd cdc quan he tdp trung hudng vdo myc fieu gidng dqy, hpc tdp- H o d n tbien tieu ebi mdi trudng khoa hgc - cdng nghe, boo gdm: a) HD kboa hoc - cdng nghe cua can bg vd SV Co dqng HD: - Quan he bdng dgc tu dpi ngu GS, PGS, TS tdc ddng den ngudi hpc (NCS, cao hoc, SV) gdm sy chi dan, phdn cdng, yeu cdu quo he chuyen mdn, ve co bdn ddy Id quan he dieu hdnh - chd'p thudn, ft cd xung dot chuyen mdn Anh hudng tfch cue bdi sue Ian tdo cua nhd khoa hpc cd uy tin den the he ke tiep, nguaihpcdupctiepthy nhung y tudng mal, phong cdeh khoa hpc cd tfnh ehdt tn/dng phdi khoa hpc Tuy nhien, dnh hudng tu quan he ndy khdng phdi hodn todn Kch cue bdi se xud't hien su nd'p bdng hope cdy coo bdng cd bao trum the he tre Do vdy hqn che sue bdt cuo the he tre, khdc phyc hien tupng ndy, d DH M l ngudi to hqn che g l u Iqi SV dd hpc a trucng bdi hp ton trpng sy da dang vd phong edch mdi tu nhung gidng viSn den tu CO sd DT khdc; - Quan he hang ngang gdm: cdc ddng nghiep vdi nhdm cdng tdc HD tuong tdc chuyen mon, vi dy cung chu tri Viet sdch, gido trinh, de tdi, cdc HD chung; cung tham gia cdc hpi nghj theo nhdm hoqc cdng tdc Viet bdi; - Quan be tdng hop gdm: mdi quan he giua chu nhiem de tdi, dy dn (gdm dqng HD a trSn) vdi cdc ca quan qudn li truang (khoa/ bp mdn) vdi ca quan ngodi trudng (co sd ung dyng ket qud nghien cuu hoqc cde td chuc khdc) Co che cua cdc quan he tren day dyo tren cdc vdn bdn phdp quy, nhien de tdng cudng ehdt lupng hpp tdc khoa hpc edn gidi quyet cdc vd'n de Ipi fch [vdt ehdt, tinh thdn) cdc khdu: de xud't, trl^n khai vd ddnh g i d Chfnn sdch cua ca sd GDDH chfnh I d y e u t d t h u c d d y , tqosuchutvdi ngudi tham gia khoa hpc du a truang hay d ngodi nhd tn/ong b) Cde dieu kien CSVC gdm: p h d n g thf nghlem, thyc hdnh nghien cuu; thiet bj chuven dyng vd che dp tri vdn hdnh; cdc phdng Idm vi§c; thdng tin khoa hpc vd tap chi khoa hpc Nhin ehung, nhin vdo ket qud NCKH ve bdi bdo khoa hoc, sdch, ket ciud ung dyng vd chuyen giao, dpi ngu cdc nhd khoa hpc a the he ketie'p, dieu kien phdng thi nghiem , chung to cd t h i xdc nhdn dupe ehdt luong mdi truang khoa hoc cdng nghe - yeu to quan trpng cua ehdt lupng DT eua nhd trudng dd Tu ddy, cung cd the xdc nnqn chat luang DT dich thyc cua mot nhd trudng Dieu kien de thuc hien:Mdi truong GDDH Id nhdn tdquyet djnh phdm cnd't vd ndng lye ngudi chuyen gia; xdy dung vd hodn thien moi trudng GDDH td't ed tdc dyng tdng ebi sdbdp dan doi vol CO sd gido dye, trdch nhiem thuoc ve ede thdnh vien td chuc: nhd qudn If, gidng vien vd SV Mdi trudng td't Id no! uom mdm tdi ndng, tri sue sdng tqo vd ddi mdi Cdc yeu td CO bdn cua mdi trudng gido dye gdm: cdc quan he c h u y ^ mdn ben vd ben ngodi nhd trudng, cdc dieu Iden ve CSVC thiet bi t^yc vy gidng dqy vd nghien cuu; dqc biet Id sy tfch cue vd no lye ciia gidng vien vd SV Id chi sd ddm bdo cho su phot trien ben vung; cde chfnh sdch cy the eua co sdglao dye c6 tdc dyng ho tro tqo ddng luc cho HD eua eon ngudi Nghien cuu phot trien mdi trudng GDDH la npi dung trpng tdm cua khoa hpc gido dye hien dpi; cdc tieu chi cua moi trudng c6 tdc dyng ^nh hudng phdt trien Id dieu kien ddm bdo ehdtlupng vd Id nhdn to cue ki quan trpng qud trinh hinn thdnh nhdn each ngudi trf thuc tuong h i Bdn eh^ eua vlec tqo Idp mdi trudng gido dyeTiien dqi ehfnh Id the hien tinh thdn ddn chu hda nhd trudng, kfch thich sdng tqo vd gdp phdn thyc W\er\ cudc vdn ddng trudng hgc than thien, hgc sinh tieh eye, Id dieu kien CO bdn de hien thyc hda chu truong doi mcacoban vd todn dien gido dye gial doqn hien Ddi mdi can bdn vd todn dien gido due Viet Nam trude het Id de cap ddn vd'n de nhgn thuc, phuong phdp tiep edn mot vd'n de rd't phuc tqp dd Id qud trinh gido dye ngudi - ddi tupng nghien cuu cua khoa hoc gido dye «Can bdn" chinh Id tim den bdn ehdt, cot loi cua van de gido dye, chinh Id: myc tiSu gido dye nhan each - myc tieu nhdn vdn cao ed; npi dung hoc vd'n thiet thuc ddi vdi sy phdt trien ngudi; phuong thuc gido dye phO hpp vdi dp tudi vd ndng luc tung ngudi; each ddnh gid ehdt lupng phu hpp vdi myc tieu, phu hop vdi dieu kien xd hpi «Todn dien" chinh Id ddi hdi cdeh tiep can he thdng, xem xet vd'n de gido dye cdc moi quan he vdi kinh te - xd hpi, vdn hda -Tieh su, qudc gia - qudc te dd ddng lye cua ngudi Viet Nam Id quyet djnh; sy phdt trien cua gido dye gdn liln (Xem tiep trang W) Tap chi Giao due so (ki • 1/2012) thdnh p h d vd thj x d Mdt khdc, tdm li hpc cao hon khdng nhung chi d tinh vyc kl thudt md edn d ed cdc Irnh vuc khoa hpc khdc Id dqc diem edn dupe ton trpng, thi md hinh hien chua thudn Ipi; tinh kinh te GD chua cao; + Co cdu he thdng GD qudc ddn hien bdt thudn cho viee phdn ludng HS sou THCS Hoi bleu hien cd dnh hudng Idn nhdt den phdn ludng Id phdt trien qud Idn quy md GD THPT vd GD DH; -i- Co quan qudn li GfD d dia phuong chua c6 nhung gidi phdp mpnh me viee chi dao eong tdc phdn ludng HS sou THCS Cde nguyen nhdn ndi tren quan he tuong ho vdi nhau, cung tdc ddng vdo viee phdn ludng HS sou THCS - Phdn ludng HS sou THCS Id mdt nhiem vy quan trpng, gdp phdn ddo tqo ngudn nhdn lye cho chuyen ddi eo cdu kinh te thdi kiCNH,HDH.Thuc trqng HS sou THCS d Hdi Duong chu yeu lya chpn vdo hpc THPT vd djnh hudng hpc DH dd gdy mdt edn ddi ve co cdu trinh dp ddo tpo vd long phi GD-DT C6 nhieu nguyen nhdn ddn den tinh trpng tren Trong do, cd nhijng nguyen nhdn thupc ve dja phuong, ed nhung nguyen nhdn phqm vi cd nude Vlec xdc dinh rd thuc trqng vd nguyen nhdn thyc trqng Id mdt nhOng ca sd Xay dpg va hoan ihlen (Tiep theo trang 4} vdi bdi cdnh xd hdi vdi mot he thdng ede quan he phuc tap dd quy djnh edeh Hep can gido dye cdeh ti&'p edn helhdng Quan niem «ddi mdi" chinh Id nhdn thuc dung vd Idm dung theo quy ludt khdch quan vd'n cd eua sy vdt hien tucmg Budc ddu tien de ddi mdi can bdn vd todn dien gido dye chinh Id xem xet Ipi co cdu he fhd'ng, bdn ehd't gido dye cua chung to co di dung quy ludt hay khdng Ddi mdi phdi bdt ddu tu nhd trudng, frong h\fdng hpc «dgy tdt - hgc tdi"; ngudi day vd ngudi hpc phdi cd «ki cuong - tinh thuong - trdch nhiem"; coi lao ddng vd HD x d hdi Id phuong tien de gido dye; thyc hien «trudng trudng, Idp lap, thay thay, trd trd" vdi nguyen If ehung: «ddn tpc - khoa hpc - dqi chung"; vdi triet li ndi dung: trudng hpc Id nal dung dudng, dgy sy trung thyc vdi tieu ehf chdn - thien - mT - ich, loqi b d nhijng vd fch vd sy gid ddi Nhijng vd'n de tren ddy khdng mdi, nhung dang edn Idm dung ddi vdi he thong gido dye Viet Nam G de de ede gidi phdp ddy mqnh cdng tdc phdn ludng HS sou THCS, gdp phdn ehudn bj nhdn luc cho cdng cupe C N H , HDH dja phuong U Tai lieu ttiam khao Ban Cli^p tiinh Trung ircmg Clii tlii s6 10/GDMN 5/12/201 Iciia B6 Ctiinh tn ve phd cap giao due m i m non ctio tre tuoi, ciing c6' k£l qua pti6 cap giao due li^u tioc va THCS tSng cudng piian lu6ng tioc sinti sau THCS va xoa mij chO cho ngu^i Idn B6 GD-DT Bao cao vi Thirc trang vS giai phap phan lu6ng hpc sinh THCS v^ THPT Ki yC'u hOi thao cac giai phap phan luong hpc sinh sau THCS va THPT 11/9/2009, Ha Noi Sd GD-DT Hai Ducmg Bao cio tinh hinh phal tri^n giao due - dao tao 2006-2010, k^t qua thuc hi^n nhiem vu nini hpc 2010-2011, phuong huong nhi^mvy nSm hoc 2011-2012, Hai Ducmg SUMMARY In Hoi Duong, most students, after finishing lowersecondar/education, go to upper-secondary schools, and then to universities There are many causes of this situation which are the matter of awareness, the labour market, the information on demand for employment, the mechanism and policies, the ineffectiveness in career-oriented education, the lack of continuation in training, the lack of appropriate model on vocational education, the inappropriate structure of national education system and the poor management and direction Tai lieu t h a m khao NhOng bi quyit cdng cua gido due Phdn Lan Tdng hop theo BBC New, Ban tin giao due, 10/2009 Du an Phat trien giao due THPT - Khoa tap hu^n v^ Phat tridn chuang trinh (tai lieu dich) cua Ian Macpherson va Christine Ludwig, Australia, 2005 Trin Khanh Diic "Mot sO' vSn dS phat trien dOl ngO giang vien dai hoc xa h6i hien dai" 7pp chi Gido due sd 260 kj 2, thang 4/2011 David Dapice Nhimg mdi de doa va tri^n vpng: v^n d^ chuyen ddi giao due dai hoc Viet Nam, Dan theo: Tuyen tap cac bai nghien cihi ve giao due qudc te (Pham Thi Ly dich) TT nghien ciiu v i giao luu vSn hda giao due qudc l6, Vifin NCGD -Truong DHSP TP Hd Chi Minh, trang 314 Pham Hdng Quang Moi truong giao due NXB Cido due, H 2006 SUMMARY Commenting on 'basic and comprehensive renovation of education of Viet Nam", the author suggests some solutions to develop university educational environment, which emphasizes the perfectof teaching environment criteria at school lev^; completing science-technology criteria and conditions to perform those solutions Tap chi Giao due so (u a • i/aem

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