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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2011, Vol 56, No 4, pp 107 110 XAY D U N G V A sty D U N G T R A N H A N H H O TRd GIAO TIEP CHO TRE CO ROI LOAN T U KI D6 Thi Thao Trudng Dgi Iwc Su pham Hd[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2011, Vol 56, No 4, pp 107-110 XAY D U N G sty D U N G T R A N H A N H H O TRd GIAO TIEP CHO TRE CO ROI LOAN T U KI VA D6 Thi Thao Trudng Dgi Iwc Su pham Hd Ndi E-mail: thao2006trangtjvalioo.com Tom tSt Nhilu tre mini non dupc chin doan bi tu ki khong cd kha nang ndi chuyen hay giao tilp vdi ngUdi khac l i e tham chi khong co glng khdi xudng viec giao tilp vdi mpi ngudi thong qua lien he mlt-nilt, thuc hien dong tac cii chi, dieu bp Do dd tre cin phai cd mpt hoac mpt so he thong giao tilp thay the nham giiip tre cd the sii dung dl giao tiep vdi ngudi khac Viec xay dung dupc he thing tranh anh h5 trp giao tiep giiip tre se hpc tap tot hOn va the hien dupc nhu cau ciia minh nhilu hpn, dilu gdp phin nang cao chat lupng giao due tre tu ki Trong qua trinh xay dung, sii dung tranh anh de day hpc va hd trp giao tiep cho tre tu ki cd sU tham gia ciia cac yeu td lien quan den dimg ca nhan, d l gia dung, trang thilt bi, doi hdi su diu tu vl mat thdi gian va tai chmh, su nd luc kien tri cua cha me tre va giao vien Mcf d a u Roi loan t u ki (tu ki) dupc phat hien cang nhilu d tre em A iet Nam Linh viic giao due tre tu ki dang nhan dupc sii quan tam khdng chi d cac bac cha me, cac giao vien ma ca cac nha chuyen mdn Qua cac nghien ciiu cua chuyen gia va ngoai nude cho thiy, giao tiep la mdt vin d l gay khd khan r i t Idn d tre tii ki va da anh hudng nhilu mat din sii phat triln ciia tre Thuc t l hien nay, nhilu tre d liia tudi m i m non dupc chin doan bi tii ki bdi khdng cd kha nang ndi chuyen hay giao tilp vdi ngudi khac Tham chi tre khdng cd gang khdi xudng giao t i l p vdi mpi ngudi xung quanh thdng qua lien he m i t - m i t hay thuc hien nhiing cii chi dieu b p Mdt sd tre nhd khdng bao gid ndi diing chiic nang, dd tre d n phai cd mdt hoac mpt so he thdng giao tilp thay t h i ma tre cd the sii dung d l giao t i l p vdi ngudi khac Dung tranh anh hd trp tre tu ki giao t i l p se giiip tre cd t h i bay td nhu d u , mong muon, dpc lap cupc song va cd t h i tham gia hpc tap Viec lam khdng chi giiip tre cd the giao tiep vdi mpi ngudi ma cdn giiip giao vien va cha me cua tre cd t h i hilu hon ve tre Tfr dd cd nhiing bien phap giao due thich hpp giiip 107 Dd Thi Thao ive giam bc'Jt nhiing hanh vi kh(')ng mong muon khd khan ve giao t i l p mang lai va giiij) ti('' cd t h i hda nhap epng ddng 2.1 Noi d u n g n g h i e n cufu Xay dung bo tranh anh Qua trinh xa}' dirng tranh anh d l lid IrP giao tiep cho tr(' tii ki eln tuan theo m(;)l so ngu,v(Mi tAc y('Mi can \a trai (jua eac budc m(')t qui trinh hpp li 2.1.1 N g u y e n t a c , y e u c a u cua v i e c x a y dufng b o t r a n h a n h Xay di.riig hi v\ee tao mot can tnic chinh the'', dd cac yeu Id dupc sfi]) xej) tren cP sd li luan \'a thi.rc I i(''U dam bao tinh tham i: y Xay di.rng bd tranh anh de hd Irp giao til]) cho tre tu ki la (pia trinh thilt ke tao lap va can tnic nhiing tranh anh tren cP s() cac vlu to c i u theo mpt chii de Trong khudn khd iiglii('>n ciiu d l hd trp giap tiep cho \re tU ki, chiing toi tap trung xay dUng bp I ranh anh tliecj clui de la eac hoat dong lien quan d i n nhiing nhu can ct) ban hoc ta]) \'a sinh hoat ciia [ve tu ki tai trudng hpc va tai gia dinh \ i e c xay diing tranh anh can t h i hien muc dich yen can doi tupng va each thiic sii dung Xhiing nguyen tic, \'("MI d u : \ iec xa}' dirng tranh anh de hd trp giao tilp cho tre tu ki diia tren nhiing nguyen t i c vk ven d u sau: ^ Ddm bdo phii hap vdi dieu kien tliitc tien: \'iec xa}' dung tranh anh de hi trp giao tilp cho tre tU ki phai t h i hien nhiing nhu d u hoat doim cd tluic gan giii vdi cupc song cua tre ha}' cd }' nghia d n thilt ddi vdi cupc sdng hien tai va tUPng lai cua tre + Ddm bdo phii hap vdt bdi canh van hda: Tranh anh dupc xay di.rng d l hd trd giao tiep cho tre ti.r ki d n g i n liln vdi mdi trudng ma tre thuc hien ki nang nhu: hay ndng thdn; gia dinh ldp hpc hay iiPi cdng cdiig + Ddm bdo phu hap vdi cd nhdn tre: Wee xay dung tranh anh d l hd trp giao tilp cho ixe tu ki d n tinh din cac dac dilm phat triln tam sinh li rieng cua mdi tre nhu: dp tudi, gidi tinh, cam giac, tri giac chu ,v, ghi nhd tu tudng tupng, ngon ngfr va giao tilp, sd thich, nhu d u ciia tre + Ddm l)do ndi dung: Tranh anh dupc xay diing d n gpi n h I c tre vl cac ylu to can nen sU \'at va sir viee (chii till doi tupng, khach t h i , quy trinh) + Ddm bdo chdt luang: Tranh anh cd chit lupng tdt phai t h i hien rd net cac chi tilt, phoi hpp man hai hda, dp tUPng phan rd rang, cd su phan biet hinh va nIn, chi tilt chinh va chi t i l t phu, dac biet khdng cd qua nhilu kich thich thi giac gay xao lang, hieu n h i m hoac hilu sai Xgoai tranh anh d n dupc bao quan d l cd thi sii dung bin lau -f Ddm bdo phu hap vdi muc dich sii dung: Mdt so giao vien va cha me xay dung lich tranh anh d l giiip tr('^ d u triic va dir doan cac hoat dpng tu phuc vu trpng 108 Xdy dung vd S'd dung tranh dnh hS tra giao tiep cho trd cd roi loan tu ki ngay, sd khac xay dung sd giao tilp bing tranh anh dl giiip trc^ thi hien nhu d u , sd khac xay dung chudi gpi y bing tranh anh dk hd trp vic^c thuc hien cac giai doan hpc khac nhung ciing cd ngudi muon sU di.mg cae tlu' tranh anh rdi de tre chpi trd chpi hay kl mpt can clm}'(;^ii 2.1.2 Qui trinh xay diing tranh anh \iec xay dung tranh anh dl hd trp giao tilj) cho \ve ti.r ki trai (jua mot sd budc cP ban sau: a Tliu thdp thdng tin vd danli gid tre: Xac dinh kha ming nhan tlnic va giao tilp qua tranh anh va cac kl nang giao tiej) b Xdc dinh muc dich cua tranh aiili: Doi \'(')i tie tu ki cd hai muc dich giao tilp d n day tre: mdt la giiip IK' tu dieu chinh \'a hai la tir Xet vl bdi canh day hpc, cac giao vien va cha me cho ring viec xay dung va sii dung tranh anh d nha cd miic dp d n thilt cao hon d ldp (X = 2,425 sp vdi X = 35) vi phlu Idn thdi gian tre d nha va da SP cac ki nang dupc thuc hien tai nha Xet vl miic dp d n thilt cua tfrng nhdm tranh anh thi tranh anh vl hpat dpng trpngjnrdng ldp xep thii nhit \'di X = 2, 6; tranh anh vl dp an uong xIp thii hai vdi X = 2.4: tranh anh \'l trang phuc xIp thii ba vdi V == 2, va cuoi cimg la tranh anh \'l hoat dpng ngoai trudng ldp vdi A' = 2, 25 Ndi chung, viec xay dung va su dung bd tranh anh dl hd trp giao tilp cho tre tii ki la d n thilt Ngoai giao vic'm \'a cha me danh gia ring viec xay diing va sii dung tranh anh dk ho trp giao tilp la kha thi va rit kha thi vi A' > Xet vl boi canh day hpc, cac giao vien va cha me cho ring viec xay diing va sir dung tranh anh d ldp kha thi hon d nha (A' — 2.4 so vdi A ^ 2,375) vi d ldp cd rit nhilu hoat ddng va tinh hudng ma tre phai giao tilp dl thi hien nhu d u X(^t vl miic dp kha thi cua tirng nhdm tranh anh thi tranh anh vl hoat ddng trudng ldp xIp thii nhit vdi A' = 55; tranh anh vl an uong xIp thii hai vdi X = 2, 35; tranh anh vl an mac xIp thii ba vdi X = 2.3 va cuoi cung la tranh anh ve hoat ddng ngoai trudng ldp vdi X = 2, 25 Xdi chung, viec xay dung va suf dung bd tranh anh dl hd trp giao tilp cho tre tu ki la kha thi Kit luan Giao tilp cua tre tu ki gap rit nhieu khd khan, va}' viec xay dung dupc he thong tranh anh hd trp giao tilp se giiip tre hpc tap tot hon va thi hien dupc nhu cau cua minh nhilu hPn, gdp phin nang cao chit lupng giao due tre tii ki \iec xay dung va sii dung tranh anh dl day hpc va hd trp giao tilp cho tre tu ki cd su tham gia cua cac yen to lien quan din dd dung ca nhan, gia dung, trang thilt bi, ddi hdi sii diu tu vl thdi gian va tai chinh Giao vien va cha me tre d n cd nhan thiic diing vl vai trd, ban chit cua viec xay dung va sit dung tranh anh dl hd trp giao tilp cho tre tu ki, tff dd cd dinh hudng va hanh dpng cu thi dpi vdi viec xay dung va sii dung tranh anh dl hd trp giao tiep cho tre tu ki Cac trudng, trung tam d n chu ddng td chiic nhfrng dpi bdi dudng kiln thiic vl giao due tre tu ki, cac vin dl vl giao tiep, cac phuong tien hd trp giao tilp cho tre dk giao vien va cha me nang cao kha nang, kinh nghiem ciia minh Dilu gdp phin anh hudng true tiep tdi hieu qua, mufc dp phu hpp, tinh kha thi ciia viec xay dung va sii dung tranh anh dl hd trp giao tilp cho tre tu ki Dl cd thi xay dung dupc bd tranh anh thich hpp d n phai diu tU nhilu cdng siic va kinh phi Do vay, nha trudng d n cd kl hoach va dinh hudng phat triln chuyen mdn, du toan tai chinh de giao vien cd thi phat huy dupc sii sang tao, say me xay dung tranh anh giiip tre tu ki cd cP hdi dupe hd trp vl giao tilp va phat triln kha 115 Do Thi Thao nang giao til]) mdt each tii h ci.rc liPn Si.r k.v vpng tich circ vl sir phat triln ciia tr('' tif ki 11 mpt trpng nhiing dilu kiiMi giao vii'Mi va cha me dau tu edng siic, thcii gian nhim tim hilu, tiln hanh vi(''c xay diing vk sii dung tranh auh dl day hpc vl hp trp giao tilp chp tre tii ki Day tie cd rdi loai tit ki bill sii dyng tranh anh giao tilp khdng the mpt sdm unit chieu, hi vpng cac bar cha mt.' vl giap vi('"n phai hit siic kien tri, ben bi va no lire qiui trinh giiip dn) Do Thi Thao 2010 Dgi cUdng ve Gido due tre KTTT Xxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Xpi [4| Frost L., M.S and Bondy A, Ph D., 2002 The Picture E.rchange Communication System - Training manual Pyramid Educational Products [5j Hutchingson M., 2003 Themed Activities for people leifh learning difficulties Speechmark Publishing [6] Klein M.D., 1983 Skill starters for self-help development, Communication skill builders [7] Marsha D.K., 1983 Pre-Dressing Skills Communication Skill Builders [8] Overview of Autism ii'ebsite ciia Trung tam nghien ciiu Tu ki My- Autism Research Institute [9] World Health Organization, 1997 Let's communicate ABSTRACT Development and use of a picture system to enable communication of children with autism There are many pre-school children who are diagnosed with autism who are unable to communicat(> with others Most of them even find it impossible to initiate It is therefore essential communication through (\\'e contact or bod}' language that they need one or more alternative communication s}^stems in order to start conversations The development of a picture communication system will be more beneficial to their learning and helps them to express their needs and wants, thanks to which the education of children with Autism will have more chance to imprpve The picture system development requires many factors regarding personal belongings, household appliances, and other equipment etc, which need time, financial contribution and effort from Doctors, parents and teachers 116 ... thieu Trudc day tre giao tilp bing tranh anh, giao vien nen kich thich hiing thii 110 Xdy dung vd sit dung tranh dnh hd tra giao tiip cho tre cd rdi loan tu ki va dinh hudng diing cho hpc sinh bing... vd S''d dung tranh dnh hS tra giao tiep cho trd cd roi loan tu ki ngay, sd khac xay dung sd giao tilp bing tranh anh dl giiip trc^ thi hien nhu d u , sd khac xay dung chudi gpi y bing tranh anh... vdi viec giao tilp thi hien mong mudn va nhu d u ciia tre Budc 2: Lua chon cdch cdt giii vd trung bdy the tranh dnh Tiiy vao muc dich day giao tilp cho tre ma d t giii hoac trung ba}- the tranh