TO CHirC DAY HOC DAI HOC THdNG QUA CAC NHIEM VU HOC TAP DirQl Gdc NHIN CUA QUAN DIEM UANH GIA XAC THUC O ThS N G U Y i N THANH NHAN" D6i mdi gido dye dpi hpc (GDDH), trong dd dd''''i mdi ddnh gId chd''''t l[.]
TO CHirC DAY HOC DAI HOC THdNG QUA CAC NHIEM VU HOC TAP DirQl Gdc NHIN CUA QUAN DIEM UANH GIA XAC THUC O D 6i mdi gido dye dpi hpc (GDDH), dd dd'i mdi ddnh gId chd't lupng DT ndi chung, d^i mdi ddnh gid Vit qud hpc t^p (DGKQHT) Clio sinh vlfn (SV) ndi rifng soo cho ihi/c chfil han, g6n k^t n>$t cdch chijt chS hon glOa cdc y j td h-ong qud h-lnh dpy hpc dpi hpc (QTDHDH) nhfim phdn dnh chfnh xdc trinh d^, ndng li/c (NL) cOa sdn phfim DT, Id m$t yiu cfiu kh&ng thii thi^u Vd'n d ^ phdt trilfn ndng TifC (PTNL) GDDH St/ PTNL cuo SV dupc hi^u nhu Id kit qud cOo qud h-inh DT DH, t h l hifn h-fn phuong dtfn: 1) B l r^ng, chilu sdu cuo tri thuc khoa hpc dupc h'ch luy hjcmg Ong vdl khd ndng phdn Ifch vd tu phf phdn, khd ndng tong hgp vd lu sdng tpo; 2) Khd ndng vdn dyng tri thuc vd kT ndng tuong ung h-ong vifc xi) If tinh huong, gidl quyel cdc nhlfm vy nhdn thi>c, thyc tiln nghi nghifp vd quon hf xa h$i; 3] Sy h-udng ihdtih v l mdt thdi op, sv h/ nhdn thuc, jf thtjc dpo due vd nhdn cdch XO hdi - nghi nghifp cuo cd nhdn d ddy, van d l ddt to Id QTDHE)H vdl sy FTNL cua SV cd moi quan hf vdi nhou nhu th^ ndo? Ldm th^ ndo d l ihyc hifn cd hlfu qud myc tiSu PTNL h-ong qud h-Jnh DT (competency-based h-aining)? D l hd Idl hoi cdu hdi h-fn, cfin xem xet QTDHE}H theo hudng hip cdn tr§n cdc phuong dlfn: 1) Hogt ding QTDHDH diln ro thdng qua sy phoi hpp chdt chS cdc hopt dpng nhu gidng day - hpc tfip - nghiSn cuu vd DGKQHT (1) h-ong dd, PTNL cuo SV Id dilm «hfii txf chung* hrong hopt dfing gidng dpy vd hpc tfip; Id myc Hfu quan trpng md QTDHDH hudng din Sy PTNL cOo SV dupc quan tdm khdng chi sou kll thOc mdn hpc (MH) md cdn duq«: d^t h-ong sufil qud h-lnh to chuc day hpc M H Do vfiy, d l ghi nhfin, dilu chinh, tpo dfing lyc vd xdc djnh muc dd NL cOa SV h'ong qud h-lnh hpc lfip, DGKQHT cuo SV khfing i h l chi tfin tai vdi hr cdch Id mfii hopt dfing rlfng \i hoi^c mang Ifnh ihdi d i l m h-ong QTDHDH md dupc tiln hdnh ihudng xuySn h-ong qud h-inh dd, Mfii quan hf giOo apy npc vd sp PTNL cuo SV dupc xem xet d ddy Id md'l ThS N G U Y i N T H A N H N H A N " quon hf gi(?a hopt dfing dpy hpc vd myc tifu cfin dpi cuo hopI dfing fiy 2) Chdc ndng QTDHDH dupc ifi ch(>c nhfim trang b| cho SV nrtfit cdch cd hf thfing nhDng tri thuc khoa hpc co bdn vd chuyiln ngdnh; cdc kT ndng chuydn mfin vd nghifp vy; thdi dfi dpo due nghe nghifp vd phfim chat nhdn cdch can thilt cOa ngudi lao dfing trinh dfi coo VI t h l , nfii dung chuong Irinh DT du d hit k) cfip dfi ndo (chuyfn d l / h p c phfin/lin chl/MH/chucmg hinh hpc ), du6l bfilcu hJnh thuc ndo (hit hpc If thuy* h-fn Idp/thdo lufin/bdi tfip thyc hdnh/bdi lfip nghifn cuu/tilu lufin/khda lufin/th( nghlfm/lhyc t l / k i l n l p p / thyc tfip ) d l u dupc ihllt kih-Sn co sd h'ch hpp kiln ihik - kT ndng - thdi dfi - hdnh vl ung xu h'ong mSl don vj ca sd (unll) cua nfii dung dpy hpc, cd h'nh d i n mfii llfn hf vdi cdc don vj khde hong tfing i h l M H thufic chuong hinh hpc nhfim i h l hifn mfit cdch h-lfl d l nhfit chuc ndng PTNL vd ddnh gid iheo chuon dau (2) Trong hvdng hpp ndy, NL vd sy PTNL cOa SV khdng In/c tilp ihufic v l nfii dung cOa chuong trinh DT md I d h f qud vdn hdnh cOa qud hinh dd (theo quon hf nhdn - qud); dfing ihdl, SV khdng chi hpc dupc v l nfii dung tri thuc khoa hpc md cdn dupc hpc cd v l phuong phdp nhfin thuc khoa hpc d l cd t h l h/ hpc vd thfch ung vdi sp ihay dfii nhanh chdng xd hfii hifn dpi 3} Qud trinh Chfil tupng cua sdn phfim DT d DH chi cd t h l ddp ung myc Hfu dfii Ichi md qud h-lnh DT phdl dugc ddm bdo v l chfil kipng h> d6u vdo (input) cOng nhu ddp i>ng dupc cdc yfu cfiu v l nguon tyc h'ong khdu tichuc DT (process) din sdn ptifim dfi'u (output) dupc xd hfii h'n nhlfm vd ihj hvdng kio dfing nhfip nhfin DO cd sudyng ca c h i qudn If DT ndo (hpc c h i nidn chl/hpc chi hpc phfin/hpc c h i h'n dnl ) iht myc tifu cOa dpy hpc DH vSn khdng the col nh? sy PTNL cua SV Vi vfiy, h'ong bfil cdnh dfii mdi GDDH nhfim tOng bw>c ddm bdo vd nfing coo chfil lupng DT, vfin d l ifi chiic DT vd ddnh gid chfit lupng £)T nfii chung * TnriMgB?! bvc khoa h^c xjl h^ vi i k t e v i i - BNOG m H i CM Mib lap chi Slao due s6 ch* i • 7/aoia) DGKQHT n61 ri6ng si phai d^i m6l iheo Anh mdi, ndng coo hi^u qua hogt d^ng gidng dgy vd hgc tap theo djnh hudng PTNL ciio ngu6i hoc, hu6ng PTNL cua n g u ^ hpc Vdl ndt vi quan dl^m ddnh gid xdc thifc cd thl xem x6t lich hgp ddl mdi dong hd gidng (Authentic Assessment - AA) dgy hpc D H dgy,hi?c Igp vd DGKQHT cOa SVqua cdc phuong Ti> nhOng ndm cua t h l kt XX, ngudi to da di^n sou: nh§n thdy dugc si/ hgn c h i cOa md ninh ddnh I^ Dd'; mdl xdy di/ng dS cuang chi nil MH gl6 tiuyin thdng (Traditional Assessment - TA) vd theo hudng tlip cdn NL (competency-based Wt ddu Hm phuong thi>c mdi bd sung di hogt syllabus design) Cd'u true ciia mdl d l cuong chi d$ng ddnh gid mang Igl hiiu qud hon Do vdy, tilt MH boo gdm nhilu n^i dung khde nhau, giOa AA dugc d l xudt vd dp di/ng h'ong thuc h§n gido ehung cd mdi lifin h^ eh$t chfi v l logic ndi oung dye DH (3) vd sou ndv, dugc dp dyng sang cd vd hinh thiic ddng thdi phdn dnh ddy dO thdng cdc b ^ gido dgc nghi nghiSp sou Irung hgc vd Hn cdn Ihllt • nhu Id bdn thilt k l gidng dgy vd trd ihdnh m$t xu hudng hrong loi h-ong knh vi/c hgc ldp dugc GV vd SV thdng nhdt thgc hi^n D l ddnh gid Vit qud gido dgc (4) b d n t h i l t k l n d y c g l h l h d a dugc quon dilm ddnh gid xdc thgc theo djnh hudng PTNL eua SV, nhdt M^t cdch Midi qudt nhdt, cd i h l coi AA nhu Id l i l l t phdi ddm bdo cdc ndi dung co bdn sou m?t «dgng thiic" DGKQHT ciia SV, Irong dd ngudi Hong d l cuong MH: ligc dugc yfiu cdu thvc hi#n nhung nhi^m vy ngc a) Oil mdl cdch xdc dinh mgc nSu M H , l^p mang Hnh thvc l l , IrSn co sd vBn dgng m^t cdch cd y nghTa nhung Itiln ihiic, kT nfing thilt dd Ihihl^n rd mi,ic Hiu vi NL, gdm: 1) NL chung ylu (5) Nhin chung, A A boo gdm hat y l u td la NL cdn cd eua ed nhan d i thgc hien cdc hogt chinh: 1) NhOng nhiSm vg md SV phdl thgc hi^n; ddng CO bdn cude sdng (nhdn thiic - giao 2) Bdn md td nhung tiSu ch! ddnh gid muc dd Hip - hgp tdc cong vISc ) ddng thdi Id NL md moi MH Hong bdt ki chuong Wnh DT nao eung hodn thdnh cdc nhl#m vy dy Quo tdng hgp cdc cdng trinh nghiSn ciiu l( dlu ed thl mang Igl cho SV; 2) NL chuy&\ fc/#f k/§n vd thvc Hen cd liSn quan den AA (d), cho (cung cd ihl xem nhu Id NL ehuyfin mon • nghlfip ihe^ AA cd mpf sd'ddc d i m sou: - Ddi hdi ngudri vg) - la NL ma Irong phgm vi dac ciio ngi hgc ihShldn N t (trSn co sd tdng hgp tri ihiic, kt dung chuong Hinh MH cd the mong kii cho SV ndng cOng nhu nhung phdm chd't can thilt khde cOa thdi i^, tu vd finh cdm) de kiln tgo sdn phdm thdng qua gidl quylt cdc tinh hudng, nhiSm vv hgc tgp (hJVHT) cd y nghto, liSn quan chat che din cdc ling dgng vdo ihgc t l ; - Xem xet, DGKQHT cOa SV thSig qua vlfc ihi/c hidn cdc cdng vide sudt qud trinh vd cd sdn phdm cdn ogl kit Sue; - Tdp trung vdo So ludng khd ndng lu vd gidl quyit vfindlcuaSV,choph4pngudi hgc ducrc t h l hi#n lu duy, Hnh chu ddng, sdng too va NL cd nhdn qud Irinh hgc tdp AA chinh Id md hinh ddnh gid Irong dd bao qudt cd miic dd nhdn thiic ngl dung hgc tdp vd cd qud Irinh ngvdl hoc vdn dgng chCing vdo v i ^ gidi quylt cdc NVHT ihgc l l ; - Cho phep cung cdp aSc minh chdng tn/c tlip vd ihi/c chdt vSkit qud dgt dugc cua SV hgc tdp, dgo vdo d i e Hnh vd khd nang cua ngudi hon la dgo vdo Hnh lodn mdy mdc cdc d i l m sd; - Ggi ^ cdc chuc ndng ddnh aid mdi hon ddl vdi ngudi dgy Vdn dgng quan d i l m A A vdo vISc ddl mdi dgy hgc O H Iheo dinh hudng PTNL cua SV TrSn CO sd k l ihiio d i l m mgnh ciia cdc dgng ihlic DGKQHT truyin thd'ng va kit hgp vBn dgng hgp li quan diem ddnh gid xdc thgc vdo viec ddi Tap chi Blao due s6 (n i • / M H ) bj Tdi cdu true ndi dung chuong trinh MH dudi dqng cdc chu di htfc tap (COHT) N8I dung MH hlfin chuong hinh DT thudng dugc cd'u Hue gdm cdc phdn, chuong, bat, mgc hong dd I h l hifin cd ndi dung li thuylt, ndi dung thgc hanh cd mdi lifin h$ hiyin Hnh vdl nhou theo logic ndi Igi cua tri thiic khoa hgc D l cd the td chiic gidng dgy, hgc tdp vd DGKQHT theo djnh hudng PTNL ciio SV lhi ndi dung cOa MH se dugc ihilt kllheo CDHT nhung von phdi ddm bdo kjgie khoa hgc va logic su phgm it ddy, CDHT dugc col nhu la mgt don vl co bdn ciia ndi dung MIH, gdm cdc gid h| gdp phdn hio CO hdi d l PINL ciia ngudi hgc Mdi CDHT diiia dgng ylg td sou: 1) Khdi hi ihilc khoa hgc edt lot (SV phdl ndm vOng); 2) Khdi hi ihilc ed lifin quon (quo dd d l SV lim hiiu, nghifin ciiu them); 3) Mdl lifin h$ vd tdc dgng ciio hi ihiie khoa hgc ddl vdi sv thoy ddl nhdn thiic va thdi cOa ngudi hgc (qua dd SV dugc hdi nghlfim hodc thfing quo cdc hogt ddng hrong hSc llfin cd nhdn); 4) Mdi lifin he vd khd nang von dgng hi ihilc vao vlfic giat quylt nhijng vdn de phdt sinh hong thgc Hln (qua SV dugc rfin luyen kr ndng Higc ndnh) c]xdc dinh cdc NVHT cua SV luong Ong vdl # cdc CDHT MH Nhu dd nSu d h ^ , h'ong mfii2) Dupc xdc djnh rd vd SV cd khd ndng thpc hifn CrHT chua di/ng cdc ylu ifi h?o co hfii PTNL hrong dupc cdc nhlfim vp 6y frong hop! dfing hpc lfip; Ong d SV Do vfiy, cdc I^HT dupc xem nhu Id 3) Cdc nhifim vy phuc hop, dupc ihpc hlfin bdi nhDng vi§c tdm cy thl cOa ngudi hpc phdl ihyc ngudi hpc, ddi hdi phdi ddu lu ddng k l v l thdi hi§n dudi sp hudng dfin vd hfi hp cOo GV d l dpt gian vd cdc ngufin Ipc fr( hjfi; 4) Tpo co hfii cho dupc myc HSu NL md cdc CDHT MH nrang SV xem xit gidi quyll vfin d i Kr cdc quon dilm \g\ Chfing hpn, nlu coi nhu mfit CDHT chua dpng khde vd dupc ihom khdo/sO dpng h> nhilu ylu tfi nhu ddfrlnhbdy, thi nhin chung, cdc NVHT ngufin Kr tifu khde nhou; 5) Cung cfip co hfii vdt chu ylu cua SV thudng hudng vdo: - PTNL nhfin ydu cfiu SV thl hlfin kr ndng hpp tdc frong hpc thuc, tu (hrong ung vdl ylu tfi vd hong lfip; d) Cho phdp SV rdn kiyfn kr ndng h/DGKQHT mfii CDHT) vdl cdng v l ^ md SV phdl ihpc hl|n cuo minh trdn binh difn cd nhdn cung nhu y nghid (nhu hpc lfip h ^ Idp kll hpp vdl h/ hpc, tg nghlSn xd hfii thpc hifn cde NVHT dd; 7) Dupc Hch cuu ngodi gid tdn \dp ); - PTNL gloo tlip, hpp tdc hpp vd thpc ihl frdn nhilu chO dilm khde nhau, vd chia s6 (hrong Cmg vdl ylu tfi hong mfii CDHT)mang tinh lidn mfin vd lidn ngdnh chu khfing ^ I vdl cfing v i ^ md SV phdl thpc hl^n (nhu tham gia bj gidi hpn frong phpm vl ridng blft; 6) Cd mfii vdo cdc hopt dfing froo dfii, thdo lufin, Idm v l ^ tidn hfi chfil chB vdi hopI dfing DGKQHT; 9) Vlfc nhdm ); - PTNL oiuydn n>dn - nghlfip vp (tuong thpc hifn cdc NVHT gdp phfin tpo kll qud hpc ung vdl vlu tfi frorig mfii CDHT) vdl cdng vl^c tfip bfing chinh khd ndng thpc sp cOo ngu^ hpc md SV phdl thpc hl$n (nhu tham gio vdo cdc hopt hpp vdi ydu cfiu cua mpc tidu DT; 10) Cho dfing Tin luy$n kr ndng thpc hdnh ) phdp SV dua cdc cdch ihuc gidl quylt vfin d l dupe xem xdl cd v l Hnh hlfu qud vd Hnh da dpng d) Xdy dgng ki hogch dgy hgc vd xdc dfnh cOa edc gidi phdp (7) hinh thuc tichuc dgy hgc (fiTTCDH) tuang ung vdi cdc COHT cua MH cdn cu trin d^c dilm Mdl tcndc, nhffng ihdng tin luu trv Idm mir^ Clio cdc CDHT vd cdc NVHT hrong ung cua SV chung cho vlfc DGKQHT cOa SV cOng c6 thl dupc nhu : gidng dpv vd hpc lfip ll thuylt trdn Idp; xem xdt quo cdc hi so hgc lip (portfolios) cua nghifin cuu hpc cua SV d thu vifin hoijc d SV, qua cdc bdn tidu cht ddnh gid iheo di mt/c phdng hpc; thdo tufin vd Idm vl$c nhdm Irdn (rubria) hay quo cdc cdc hogt ding Irinh diin Idp; mpc hdnh kl ndng qua cdc hopt dfing Irdi cOa ngudi hpc (performonces) (8) Qiung vua Id nghl^m/md phdng trdn tdp; quan sdt, thpc cdng cp DGKQHT nhung cOng dfing ihdl Id sdn hdnh/lhl nghifim Irong phdng thpc hdnh tht p/iom minh chung (evidence) cho sp thl hifn kll nghifim/thpc djo, qud hpc lfip theo chudn NL (competency) cua SV DO cd thl kit hpp si) dpng nhilu HTTCDH khde 31 SO dgng tOu chf Idm cdn a> ddnh gid nhou frong qud Irinh Irlln laial cdc CDHT nhung tmh: di SV hodn ihdnh cdc NVHT Irong MH gidng viSn (GV) cfin tudn i h l hi$n vai h-d cfi vfin, vd dinh hudng sg lhi hiin NL cOa SV Trong hudng dfin, iheo ddl, ghi nhfin, cOng nhu ung nnd hinh ddnh gid xdc thpc, xdt v l m^l r^uydn hfi, khuyin khtch hoodn lodn khde blft vdi nhOng ydu ofiu ddt 2) Tfch hqp hogt ding gbSng dgy, hgc lipfrong khoa hpc v l tudng vd DGKQHT hifn vd DGKQHT cua SV ihoo hin Mnh dgy hgc cd Tuy nhidn, dilm mfiu chd't phdn dnh Hnh w dudi dgng cdc NVHT Trong mfi hinh AA, cdc vlfI cOo cdc Hdu chf frong ddnh gid xdc thpc Id d PPDH vd hpc tfip hfii tv frongliopl ^ n g cOa GV khdu vdn di/ng vd sd di/ng cAc Hiu chf ndy vdo vd SV thdng qua cdc CDHT cp thl cOa MH C6c viic k^ ndi hogt ddng gidng dgy -hgc ldp vd thdng Hn v i Icllm fro - ddnh gid NLTH cOa SV ddnh gid k^ qud theo dfnh hudng FTNL cua S dupc theo ddl, ghi nhfin vd xem x6l quo v l ^ Vdi mpc dfch vfin dpng vd si> dpng edc Hdu thpc hl^n cdc NVHT cOo SVfrSncdc CDHT chf ddnh gid ddnh gid xdc thpc, Hdu chf TOy thufic vdo d$c hvng cOa mfii CDHT khde ddnh gid cfin boo qudI frong phpm vl rfing cOo cd frong MH md GV Ipa chpn, ihllt k l vd tiln frinh dpy hpc vd DGKQHT dfing thdt ihdd dp dpng cdc F^>DH cOng nhu hinh ihOc tfi chuc nrtdn edc dilu k l ^ sou: 1) EHipc xdy dpng dSn eO thpc hlfin cdc NVHT cOa SV mfit cdch thich hpp frdn muc dfi dpi chufin NLTH cuo SVfronghpc Nhung dfic dilm co bdn thilt k l vd hudng tfip, tfip Irung ludng khd ndng hllu hlii vd dfin SV thpc hlfin cdc NVHT, boo gfim: 1) Cdc vfin dpng kf ndng vdo vlfc gidl quylt cdc t^HT NVHT cd mfii ti&n hfi thich hpp vdl ddl sfing thpc; cd Hnh thpc t l ; 2) Cde thdng tin dupe thl hifn ro Tap chi Blao due s6 (in i - 7/aoia) Irong cdc CDHT frdn ca sd ed sp biln cp t h l , froo dfii thdng sufil vd thfing nhfit thpc hifn giua GV vd SV frong tiln frlnh cOa M H ; 3) Khdng chi to cfing eg ddnh cho GV md cdn Id thdngtindjnh hudng cfin thiet cho SV qud frlnh hpc tfip vd ddnh gid k l l qud thpc hifn cde NVHT theo djnh hudng PTNL Trong ihpc t l , vifc dp dpng cdc Hdu chf ddnh gid ndy vdo gidng dpy vd hpc tpp cdn phdi cdn cu vdo mOc dfi t h l hifn NL cOo SV frong vifc ihpc hifn cdc IWHT cung Knh chfit auan trpng cOa cdc CDHT frong M H md quy djnh ede mOe df cin dpi cOo ngudi hpe so vdl Hdu chf ddnh gid Do dd, frong ede tidu chf ddnh gid cd quy djnh rd SV cfin dpi nhOng Hdu eh( ndo d muc dfi ndo theo chufin NL frong bfil cdnh hifn D l cd the hifn thpc hda myc Hdu PTNL cOa SV frong qud frlnh dpy hpe cdc M H thufic chuong frlnh DT theo h f thfing tfn chi hifn can din sp dfii mdl d i n g hi frdn cd phuong dif n thiet k i d l cuong M H , to chOc gidng dpy, hpc tfip vd DGKQHT cho cdc hopt dfing ndy thfii sp gfin kit k?l vdl vd hudng vdo sp PTNL cOa ngudi hpc Q (1) Biggs, J.B Teaching for Quality Learning at University: What Student Does, 2°^ ed Buckingham Society for Research into Higher Education, 2003 (2) Trftn Hflu Hoan - Le DUc Ngpc "Chuin diu gi^o dvc dfii hpc" T^p chf Khoa hoc gido diic, s6 55, thing 4/2010 (3) www.hids.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/Hoithao/VNHOC /TB14/chinh.pdf (4), (8) http://vnvw.elizrosshubbeli.com/portfolio/ authenticassessmentpdf (5) http://jfmueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/tooibox/ tasks.htm (6) Leu, DJ & Kinzer, C Effective Literacy Instruction K-8 (4th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall, 1999 (7) http://gramconsulting.com/2009/05/designing' authentic-iearning-tasks/ (9) Thomas A Angelo, K Patricia Cross Classroom Assessment Techniques Jossey-Bass Publishers San Francisco, 1993 4) Kit hgp giOa TAvdAA Irong QTDHDH iheo dinh hudng PTNL cOa SV N h u trdn dd d l efp, TA vd A A loidng topi hi> nhou md bfi sung ctio frong QTDHDH theo djnh hudng FTNL cOo SV A A cd t h l dung cdc kr thufit vd dpng thuc ddnh gid cuo TA nhung dilm tdide cdn bdn d ddy td ool mdl v l mi/c Hiu cua cdc phip Hieo chufin NL vd dii tndl f^uong thuc st> di/ng cdc cfing ci/ ludng iheo hudng tfch hpp vdo tiopt dfng gidng dpy cung nhu hpc tfip dudi dpng oSc NVHT md SV phdl hodn thdnh Trong frudng tiOT ndy, chfing npn «ddnh gid qud trinh" hay