5 0 ^ 1 ? 309 2011 DffUvoHlK ^ia i phap nSng cao chai lifgfng va hieu qua dao tao Ti§ng Anh cho cac nghe Du Ijch Viet Nam hien nay ThS HOANG VAN THAI TrUdng Cao d ing Du Ijch Ha Noi Tom tat Hi$n nay,[.]
50^1 -? 309-2011 DffUvoHlK ^ i a i phap nSng cao chai lifgfng va hieu qua dao tao Ti§ng Anh cho cac nghe Du Ijch Viet Nam hien ThS HOANG VAN THAI TrUdng Cao d i n g Du Ijch Ha Noi Tom tat Hi$n nay, Du ljch duge coi li m^t nhOng nganh kinh temOl nhgn cOa Vl$t Nam Moi nam du ljch Vi$t Nam thu hut mgt lugng khich Idn Tuy nhien, lim thenio de khach du lich den Vi?t Nam mgt Ian roi sau I9I mudn den mil, day li mgt vl$c lam tUdng ddi nan glil Qua phan tich thUc tr^ng vi mgt sd thach thUe mi cdng tacdiot^o tieng Anh eho eac nghe du ljch nudc ta dang ddi m$t hl$n nay, tic gii de xuat mgt sd giii phip mang tinh thl nham nang cao chat lugng va hlfu qua dio t^o tieng Anh cic trUdng nghe du ljch, dip Ung duge yeu cau cua xa hgl hl$n va trinh lang phi ve mit til chinh dau tueho cdng tie 1.DATVANDE NhCfng nam gan day, sb lUdng khach du Ijeh qube te den Viet Nam tang len rat nhieu Neu nhU nam 1995, ehung ta mdi chi ddn khoang 1,3 trieu lUdt khach nUde ngoai, thi mUdi lam nam sau, nam 2010, eon sb la g i n trieu (5,049,855), tang g i p g i n bbn Ian Tuy nhien, mpt dieu gay nhieu quan ngai eho nhCfng ngUdi iam du Ijch la sb lUdng khach du lich qub'c te quay trd lai Viet Nam de nghi ngdi, tham quan khdng nhieu va chua thUc sU tUdng xUng vdi tiem nang cua d i t nUdc Mbt nhQng nguyen nhan chfnh la trinh db ngoai ngQ, nhat la tieng Anh cCia dpi ngu nhan vien khach san, hudng dan vien du Ijch qube te va nhQng ngUdi lao dpng tiep xUc true tiep vdi khach du Ijeh cbn yeu ThQe te che thiy, viec dao tao tieng Anh eho eac nghe Du Ijch phin nao cdn ehUa phu hdp, ehUa dap Ung dUdc nhu c i u thUe te, phat trien eua nganh du Ijch Viet Nam Cdng tac dao tao, bbi dUdng tieng Anh chuyen nganh Du Ijeh - Khach san phan nao khdng dat hieu qua nhU mong mubn va cbn gay lang phi ngubn tai chinh dau tu cho cbng viec Di dap Ung nhu c i u phat trien eCia du Ijch hien va thu hut cang nhieu khach du Ijch qube te den Viet Nam, chung ta phai tlm nhQng tbn tai, cbng tae dao tao ngoai ngQ chuyen nganh du Ijch, khach san va tim nhQng giai phap hieu qua de cai thien chat lUdng dao tao, bbi dudng ngoai ngQ cho nganh, nhit la tieng Anh cho cac nghS du Ijch N H O N G THACH T H O C TRONG DAO TAO TIENG ANH DU LjCH HI^N NAY Qua nghien eUu tinh hinh day va hpc tieng Anh chuySn nganh mdt sb cd sd dao tao nghe du ljch trinh d6 cao dang va thap hdn trdng ca nUde, ehung tbi thay dUdc mbt sb han che sau: * Ve chUdng trinh Cung gibng nhUcac nganh nghe khae, hien nay, ITnh vUc dao tao tieng Anh eho cac nghe du Ijch, chung ta chUa cb ehUdng trinh dao tao, bbi dudng thbng nhat ip dung dbng bp trbn pham vi ca nudc NhQng quy djnh vS s5 tiet tib'ng Anh chuyen nganh cho cung mbt nghe dao t?o cua cae ed sd dao tao khae la khbng gibng nhau, n§n khb eb the eb tieng nbi chung vb chat lUdng va trinh dp cua hpe sinh sinh vien (HSSV) trUdng cae trudng phat trien ehUdng trinh dao tao ehUa bam sat theo chuan kien thUc, ky nang tibng Anh eho eac ngh8 du Ijch ma Bb Van hba The thao va Du Ijch da ban hanh * Ve giao trinh va tai lifu hoc tap Hien nay, mbt sb chUdng trinh dao tao tibng Anh cho cae nghe du ljch sCf dung tai lieu hpc tap qua eu, cb nhflng phin kien thUc khdng cbn phO hdp vdi thuc tb hoat dbng thudng tai cac cd sd kinh doanh djeh vu du Ijch Nhieu tai lieu ti^ng Anh chuybn nganh cac trUdng ti/ bien scan cbn mat can dbi viec phat trien bbn k} nang ngbn ngQ: Nghe - Nbi - Dpe - Viet, bdi le da phin cdc tai lieu chi tap trung vao cac bai dpe, tU vising chuyfin nganh, ky nang dpe hieu va djeh thuat Khbi lUdng kiln thUc moi bai ddi cdn qua nang so vdi trinh dp va nang tiep thu eua hpe sinh, sinh vibn * Ve dpi ngu giao vien Trinh dp cCia giao vibn dUng Idp chua dbng dSu, phUdng DguvaHpc SO 9-2011 «/.\G.Al MAV phap giang day cdn han ehb, chua ap dung dbng bd phUdng phap giao tibp dao tao tibng Anh chuyen nganh Hieu biet kien thUc ve nganh, nghe cdn nhieu han ehe Phan nhieu giao vien tieng Anh chuyen nganh du lich it cd ed hbi tham gia cac khda bbi dudng ngin han va ngpai nUde de nang cao kien thUe chuyen mdn va kien thUe, ky nang cua nghe mlnh giang day Cdng tac bb tri giao vien giang day van ehUa khoa hpc, ehUa mang tinh chuySn sau, chuyen mdn hda dao tao tieng Anh chuybn nganh * Ve hoc sinh, sinh vien (HSSV) Phin Idn HSSV nghe du Ijch den tU cac vung mien khae nhau, trinh db kibn thUc tieng Anh nbn khdng dbng nhat, cung vdi mdi trUdng luyen tap tieng Anh ban ngQ khdng cb, y thUe tu hoc khdng cao, dbng ed hpc tap khdng rd rang khien cho viec tiep thu eCia HSSV cdn nhieu han ehe, anh hudng nhieu den ket qua va hieu qua hpc tap Sb ldn HSSV ehUa thich Qng kjp vdi phUdng phap day hpe eac cd sd dao tao nghe Do vay, cac em kha thu ddng, rut re va ehUa tfch cUc tham gia vao cac hoat dpng thUe hanh tren Idp, cac hoat ddng ngoai khda Ben canh dd, mbt bb phan HSSV len Idp mdn tieng Anh vdi thai dp dbi phb, vdi tam ly quan niem mdn tieng Anh chi la mbn phu, chi mong dat diem de khbi hpe lai * Ve dieu kl#n cd sd vat chat phuc vu dao tao ngoai nguf PhUdng tien ky thuat phyc vu giang day ehu yeu eac Idp tieng Anh hien la may cat sat, bang va dTa tieng Phin Idn sb trang thiet bj hien cd da xubng cip Da sb cac trudng dao tao nghe du Ijch chUa cd phdng hpe va ngoai khda ngoai ngQ dat tieu chuan cac phdng hpe ngoai ngQ chUa dUdc trang bj d i y du may chieu va he thbng am nen giao vien it cd cd hpi dUdc sii dung bai giang dien tCf, bang dTa hinh giang day Ben eanh viec cd sTsb Idp hpc qua ddng 40 - 50 HSSV cung la mpt thach thUe khdng nhb eho vi§e day va hpc tibng Anh chuyen nganh cae ed sd dao tao nghe du lich * Ve kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hoc tap Dbi vdi edng tac dao tao tieng Anh eho cae nghe du Ijch hien cac de kiem tra, thi het hpc ky, hpc phan va thi tbt nghiep chUa cb dp tin cay cao de thi chinh giao vien dUng Idp bi§n soan, chim diem Viec danh gia nang lUe sCf dung tib'ng Anh eua HSSV ehUa dbng bd va bam sat theo cac chuin trinh dd tieng Anh nUdc va qub'c te Cac cd sd dao tao chua khai thac, ap dung triet de thang chuan TOEIC eho nghe du Ijch vao kiem tra danh gia nang lUe tieng Anh va phat then chUdng trinh dao tao MOT SO GIAI PHAP CHIJ YEU NANG CAO CHAT LUdNG VA H l | U QUA DAO TAO TIENG ANH DU LjCH Trfen cd sd nhQng thach thUe da n§u tren, chung tdi de xuat mbt sb khuyen nghj va giai phap chu yeu nham cai thiin cbng tae dao tao, bbi dudng tieng Anh cho eac nghe Du Ijch d Viet Nam nham tUng bUde nang cao chit lUdng, hi6u qua dao tao tieng Anh eac trudng nghi du Ijch, theo hUdng dap Ung yeu c i u ddi hbi cua thj trUdng du Ijch qube tb cang phat triln: Mpt li, nang cao nhan thUc ve vj tri, vai trd va t i m quan trpng cua tilng Anh hpc tap, cbng tac thMc tb ITnh vue du Ijch khach san eho HSSV thbng qua vibe tb ehUc &] hieu qua cac cupc giao lUu glQa doanh nghiep du lich, khach san vdi HSSV; hoat ddng cua cae cau lac bp tieng Anh; cae hoat ddng ngoai khda va thUe te khae; cac cupc thi tieng Anh Hai li, eac ed sd dao tao nghe du Ijch can tUng budc xac djnh nhu c i u cua nganh du Ijeh de de mue ti§u phu hdp Nhu eau dao tao mang tfnh thuc te dbi vdi ngUdi hpc la sau tbt nghiep, hoan khda hpc, hp se sCf dung tibng Anh chuyen nganh dUde dao tao de iam gl, dat dUde mue tieu nao qua trinh thang tien nghe nghiep tUdng lai Khi qua trinh dao tao, bbi dUdng dung hUdng, dung nhu eau se la kich thfch rat Idn dbi vdi dpng cd hpc tap va giup cho viec dao tao, bbi dUdng dung trpng tam, dung mue tieu jjdn Ba la, ckc cap quan ly c i n thbng nhat Id trinh chung ve chUdng trinh, sb tiet, giao trinh quy djnh cho tCfng chuy§n nganh, nghe du ljch cu the tren toan qube xay dung va phat then chUdng trinh dao tao tieng Anh eho eac nghe du Ijch theo hudng chuan hda va thbng nhit Doi mdi ed b i n viee xay dung ehUdng trinh dao tao dUa vao chuin kien thQc, ky nang dUde quy djnh cac thang chuan danh gia nang IUc tieng Anh qube gia va qub'c te hien hanh; phat then chUdng trinh dao tao tieng Anh cho cac nghe du Ijch theo djnh hUdng phan bat budc va phan tU hpe eua HSSV, dac biet ehUdng trinh tieng Anh cho hUdng d i n vien Du Ijch Bon li, 6ko tao va bbi dUdng thudng xuy6n giao viSn tieng Anh chuyen nganh thdng qua cac khda tap huin phUdng phap giang day, nang cao nang luc chuyen mdn va ky nang nghe, va thuc te tai cd sd kinh doanh du Ijch khach san; dbi mdi toan dien phUdng phap day hpe ngoai ngQ theo dUdng hUdng liy ngUdi hpc iam trung tam, theo dudng hudng thUc hanh giao tiep va theo quy trinh nghiep vu du Ijch - khach san; xay dUng, ap dung cac mo hinh hoat dpng tu van phUdng phap hpc, tU hpe, luyen tap ky nang va tu nghien eUu eho HSSV Nim li, phat then cac chUdng trinh dao tao, bbi dUdng nghe Du Ijeh chat lUdng cao theo md hinh song ngQ Viet Anh de nang cao mbt each dang ke trinh dp chuyen mbn, ky nang nghiep vu va tieng Anh cho dpi ngu nhan vidn du Ijch Md hinh dao tao da dupe TrUdng Cap dang Du lich Ha Npi then khai rat hieu qua vdi he nghe khudn khb dU an dao tao nghiep vu khach san VIE/002 chfnh phu Luxembourge tai trd trUde day va vdi he Cao dang tieng Anh chuy§n nganh quan tri LO hanh - HUdng dan va quan trj Khach san - Nha hang hien Siu li, phat trien tai lieu day hpc tieng Anh cho tUng nghe du Ijeh phu hdp vdi thUe te hoat dpng nghiep vu d Viet Nam Vdi sU trd giup cua cac tb chUe nude ngoai, hpi dbng chuyen mdn chung eua cae Bp, ban nganh; cac ddn vj dao tao cung mdt nghe ein phbi hdp de thbng nhit bien soan bb giao trinh tieng Anh chuan eho tUng nghi, cap nhat phu hdp vdi nhu c i u dao tao mdi va dung thbng nhit trdn toan qube Day manh viee then khai xay dung ngan hang db thi trbn ed sd quy chuan nhU TOEIC hay cae ehuin qube tb khae cho tUng nghe dUa tren cac chUdng trinh, giao trinh va tai lieu tham khao chung da dU(?c thb'ng nhit Bay li, tang cudng dao tao, bbi dUdng cae ky nang mem khae bb trd cho HSSV ea bang tieng Anh va tieng Viet nhu ky nang thuylt trinh, iam vibe nhdm, vilt bao 52 i cao, ben eanh eac kien thUc ngdn ngQ va ky nang tieng Anh cd ban: Nghe - Ndi - Dpe -Viet Tim li, tang cUdng dieu kien hpc tap, tU hpe tieng Anh va tao ed hbi d l HSSV phat huy npi lUe hpc tap Ben canh viec trang bj d i y du cac thiet bj che giang day ngoai ngQ nhU phdng hpc, phdng chUc nang, thU vien, phdng thuc hanh, he thbng tu v i n hpc dudng , chUng ta can dam bao eho HSSV cb mbi trUdng hpe va luyen tilng tbt nhit; ma quan trpng hdn chinh la dieu kien tam ly de sinh vien van dung va ren luyen cae ky nang hpc va tU hpc tieng Anh Cac cd sd dao tao nghe c i n eung Qng cac djeh vu, ky thuat, phUdng tien c i n thiet va hien dai phuc vu HSSV hpe, tu hpc va thUc hanh cac ky nang ngdn ngQ KET LUAN Trong xu t h l hbi nghap khu vUc va qube te, de dap Ung nhu c i u phat then cang cao eua du Ijeh va thUe hien cd hieu qua npi dung eua Chien lUde phat then Kinh te Xa hpi 2011 - 2020 la "nang cao chit lUdng ngubn nhan IUc" theo hudng "md rbng va nang cao chit lUdng dao tao ngoai ngQ" eung vdi "phat then manh va nang cao chat lUdng day nghe" ITnh vUc Du Ijeh thl ddi hbi sU cb gang cua ca he thb'ng chfnh trj, cac Bb, ban nganh doan the cac e i p chfnh quyen, cac tang Idp nhan dan, nhQng ngUdi lao ddng ITnh vUe du Ijeh tren ca nUdc nbi chung va cac cd sd dao tao ngubn nhan lUe du Ijch ndi rieng Do db, Cac cd sd dao tao nghi du Ijch can ed ke hoach, giai phap nang cao hieu qua dao tao ngoai ngQ cho cae nghe Du Ijeh dbng hanh vdi ky nang nghep vu de giup HSSV trUdng dap Qng dUde nhu c i u phat then cua nganh Du Ijeh, gdp phin nang cao chit lUdng san pham du Ijeh, phuc vu du khach; de khach du Ijeh den Viet Nam mdt Ian rbi sau db lai mubn den mai ') SO 9-2011 myivaHoc Nguyin Liftfng Ngpe (Tiep theo trang 69) ngd lut (Nha'xuit ban Van hoa Ha Nbi, 1958/ Ky niem Nguyen Dinh Chieu nam 1963, bng da viet mbt vd kjch vl nha thd - chiln sTnay (chUa xuat ban) Ong cung ed tham gia gidi thieu nhQng danh nhan van hoa the gidi nhU Phac Chf Nguyen vao nam 1957 va Jean Rousseau vao nam 1962 Dae biet, thdi gian nay, dng da cho cbng bo mbt each he thbng bb giao trinh li luan van hpc mac xit d i u tien nUde ta bao gbm Sd thio nguyen If vin hpc (Nha xuat ban Giao due, Ha Nbi, 1958) ban ve nhOng nguyen li tong quat cua van hpc; May van de nguyen II van hpc, tap (Nha xuat ban Giao due, Ha Nbi, 1961) trinh bay nhOng van de li luan ve tae phim, ve t h l loai va phUdng phap sang tac van hpc Uu diem nbi bat cua bp giao trinh la da cb g i n g quan triet nhQng quan diem van nghe mac xit, dbng thdi, cung r i t mUe luu tam den thuc tiln van hpe nudc nha tU cb ehf kim Tinh chien dau, tinh dang eua bp giao trinh edn bieu hien cho da k i t hdp phe phan triet d l nhQng luan dieu cua nhdm Nhan vin Giai pham luc b i y gid Mae du ed mpt it thilu sdt khd tranh khbi cua mot cdng trinh khai pha, bb giao trinh cua bng Nguyen LUdng Ngpe van la mbt nen mong dang tin cay cho viec tilp tue xay dUng mdn If luan van hpc mac xit d Viet Nam nen giao due dai hoc nUde nha Nam 1963, dng dUde dieu dbng ve lam phb vien trUbng rbi vien trUdng Vien Khoa hpe giao due Bbn nam sau, ong lai trd ve Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Nbi I vdi eUdng vj Hieu trudng gan subt mudi nam cho d i n luc ve hUu Ban rbn vdi cdng tac quan If, nhit la thdi chiln tranh ehbng My, bng van tham gia nhieu cdng tac hpc thuat, nhit Tai li§u tham l(hio la nhQng mbn khoa hpc ve ngQ van Ong da la chCi nhiem GUI phap dim bio vi ning cao chit iUpng dio tao ngoai ng(7(Tham luan cCia Khoa NNDL tai H6i thao Nang cao chat lupng nhieu cbng trinh: TU dien hpc sinh (Nha xuat ban Giao due, Ha Nbi, 1971) Cd sd li luan vin hpe, tap (Nha xuit ban Dao tao trudng Cao dang Du Ijch Ha Npi 2010) Tran SaHoanh, Ddi mdi phUOng phap day hpc, chUOng trinhGiao due Ha Nbi, 1975 1978) , Cd sd If luan vin hpc (Nha xuit ban Dai hpc va Trung hpc chuyen nghiep, Ha Noi, vi sach giao khoa NXB DHSP, 2007 1980 -1984) Cung vdi cac dng Hoai Thanh, Nguyin Cong Nguyen Quang Huynh, Mdt sd vin dS ly luin glio due chuyin nghiep vi ddi mdi phuong phip day- hpc NXB DHQGHN, Hoan, Pham Huy Thdng, Tran Quang Huy, Nguyen Kim 2006 Than, dng da tham gia Hbi dbng duyet sach cho mbt cbng Tran van Long, Giing day vi thUc hinh nghS du lich bing trinh eb tinh chit Nha nUde, cuon NgO phip tieng Viit (Nha tieng Anh Tap chf Du ljch ViSt Nam sb thang 5/2010 xuit ban Khoa hpe xa hbi Ha Nbi - 1983), vilt Idi tUa cho Nguyen Van Luu, Ning cao ning lUc dio tao cho cic trUdng cuon LP Tan - Nhi If luan vin hpc (Nha xuit b i n Dai hpc vi dio tao chuyin v4 Du lich http:/A«ww.tourism.edu.vn/nghien eufu- Trung hpc chuyen nghiep Ha Ndi, 1977), v v trao dbi TU mbt tri thUc tieu tU san xa hbi eu, dUgfc tiep Trin HQu Luyen, Cd sd Tim ly hpc Day hpc ngpai ngj nhan anh sang each mang, Nguyen LUdng Ngpe da trd NXB Dai hpc qube gia Ha Npi, 2008 mbt nha hoat ddng van hoa, van nghe cd tan tu6i Sd lieu thdng kS http:/Awww.vietnamtourism.gov.vn: subt bbn mUdi nam qua 6ng da "lap ebng"nhiSiJ Ha van Sieu, Nhu du nhin IUc nginh Du ljch giai doan giao gidi, "lap ngdn" khdng it van gidi NhUng 2010- 2020 http:/Awww.tourism.edu.vn/nghi&n eUu-trao dbi net nbi bat hdn ca v l n la dQc dp cua cu Du iam quan If Tii liiu hpc tip cic vin kien Dai hoi dai biiu toin quoc lin hay iam chuyen mbn, du giang day hay nghi§n cQu, dbi vdi thdXI cCia Ding NXB CTQG, 2011 cbng viec, thi cu mau mUc, h i t Ibng; cbn dbi vdi danh M 10 Tong cue Du ljch Viet Nam, ThUc hinh nghiep Vu Li Tin: thi cu khbng mang, khdng bao gid tranh dua hdn thi$t Ma Cich tiip can thUc ti nam 2000 11 Trudng DH Ngoai ngu' - DHQGHN, K^yi'u Hdi thio khoa dieu nay, nghT den cung, van rat thilt y l u db'i vdi van chUdng hpc qudc ti Glio due ngoai ngO - Hdi nhip vi phit thin Nam Qua vay, dUc db sang trpn ddi cua eu Nguyen LUdng Ngpe la mbt bai thd khbng v i n ngan nga mai Ibng 2002 cua nhQng cb djp tiep xuc va iam viec vdi cy miy 12 Trudng DH Ngoai ngu - DHQGHN, NhOng vin di cdbin thap ki qua viday- hpcngcaingj NXB DHQGHN, 2005 ... nghe Du Ijeh dbng hanh vdi ky nang nghep vu de giup HSSV trUdng dap Qng dUde nhu c i u phat then cua nganh Du Ijeh, gdp phin nang cao chit lUdng san pham du Ijeh, phuc vu du khach; de khach du. .. dao tao dUa vao chuin kien thQc, ky nang dUde quy djnh cac thang chuan danh gia nang IUc tieng Anh qube gia va qub''c te hien hanh; phat then chUdng trinh dao tao tieng Anh cho cac nghe du Ijch... hpc, hp se sCf dung tibng Anh chuyen nganh dUde dao tao de iam gl, dat dUde mue tieu nao qua trinh thang tien nghe nghiep tUdng lai Khi qua trinh dao tao, bbi dUdng dung hUdng, dung nhu eau se