NGHIEN CU^U HE THONG HOC THICH NGHI MOT UNG DUNG TRONG GIAO DUC NGUOI LON TS NGUYEN V A N Y" 1 Hoc thich nghi[HTH) cd nhieu hudng nc/hien cflu cyttielatapfrungvaoxaydung vaphat trien cac he ttidng day[.]
NGHIEN CU^U HE THONG HOC THICH NGHI - MOT UNG DUNG TRONG GIAO DUC NGUOI LON TS N G U Y E N V A N Y" Hoc thich nghi[HTH) cd nhieu hudng nc/hien cflu.cyttielatapfrungvaoxaydung vaphat trien cac he ttidng day hoc ttidng minh (Intelligent Tutoring Systems - ITS) n h l m dap flng cac nhu cau cda ngudi hgc, dien hinh la cac md hinh (MH) ciia Vassiteva, Kaplan nhlm dap flng muc tieu cua ngudi hpc; mdt sd'hettiong dap flng each tt^ ttiu k ) ^ ttiuc ciJa ngudi hpc ctia Gilbert, Paolucci Cac hettiong dua fren vi^csudiJig kien ttiflc chuydn gia frong viec xay dyng cau fruc khda hpc Gan day, MH he ttidng HTN (Adaptive Hypermedia System-AHS)doPeterBrusilovskyde xuat, hfldng nghien cflu ket hop cac y tfldng cua cac he ttidng ITS va khai niem Hypermedia W W W Cac he ttidng AHS sfl dung MH ngudi hpc de' lua chpn cac ndi dung phu hpp cho ngudt hpc Diem khac biettrong he Ihdng AHS la viec tach biet MH ngudi hoc, MH ndi dung khda hpc so vd* cac he ttidng ITS ttie he tn/dc day Ttieo ketquattiongke ctia TomasKubes,hiaicd khoang fren 70 he ttidng HTN da dupc de xuat finh vuc Do dd viec lua chpn khao sat, phan tich, sosanhchitietmptsohettidnglacanttiietnhamxay dung khda HTN phu hpp vdi ngudi tdn tua khitiiam gia khda hpc Dua vao ttidng tin cua tflng ngudi hpc, cac MH chi cho ngudi hpc cac khai niem hg can phai tim hieu Them v a o d d c a c M H xem xet den nhimi muctieu va nhu cSu khac cua ngua hpc de tao cac khda HTN vdi tung ngudi hpc Khao sat m o t so he thong HTN Ketqua nghien cflu cua Tomas Kubes da ttiong ke duac cd hon 70 MH he ttidng HTN khac da dupc cdng bd frong cac bao cao khoa hpc tinh den nam 2013 Trong pham vi bai vilt, chung tdi khdng t h l tien hanh khao sat duoc tat ca cac he ttidng, ma chl lua chpn bdn hettiong de khao satvi cac hettiong nay:-Dadupc xay dung hoan chffih.dupcttiunghiem Ba vain deco ban ciia hettioig HTN deu dupc cac he tidng nghien curu, xem xet ttiay vi chi lua chpn mdtvSr\ de nhu cac he thoig khac; -Deu tap frung (ki2-6/2015) vao viec ttiich nghi ndi dung khda hpc Vdi ndi dung mdn hpccyttie.myctteu cua cachettidng deu hudng den viec cung cap ndi dung phu hpp cho tiJtig ngudi hpc; -Duoc sudung Iwn co sdcho nhieu nghien cuu, caiti^,phattrien cachettidng khac 2.r.Wettonfif£Z.M->i/?7".ELM-ART lamdt nhung he ttiong HTN dau tien tren nen W W W He ttiOTig QKA th\ki khda hpe ngdn ngfl iap frinh Lisp ELM-ART sudyng MH ngudi hpc dekiem tra ngudi hpc hoan ttianh hay khdng viec hpc mdt van de nao dd cua mdn hpc Trong M H nay, cd giai phap td'chuc luu tru tap cac kien ttiiJC ma ngfldi hpc can phai tim hieu Cac kien ttiflc dupc md ta gom cac khai niem, giua cac khainiem xet cac md'i quan hetien quyet MH ngudi hgc dupc cap nhat dua fren viec giam sat cac frang sieu lien ket dupc duyet va khai niem fren dd ngfldi hpc da dflpc biet hay chua ELM-ART su'dung hinh anh den hieu giao ttidng cho viec chu ttiich cac lien ket tren trang web: qua bdng mau dd mieu tafranjg web ddchua nhflng ttidng tin ma ngudi hpc chua nam Viffig, quabwig mau xanhfriehien cac trang web ma ngudi hgc can duyet denam ttidng tin Ve kT ttiuat, su dung cac chl dan true ttep (trp giup ngudi hpc tim dupc ndi dung can tti let tiep tiieo bang each g ^ nhan vao cac lien ket ch? d i n ngi dung tiep ttieo cho ngudi hpc) 2J He thd'ng lntertook6uac tti let ke nham tao sach dien tucd kha nang Uilch nghifrenvireb Bang chl muc la ttianh phan taing tam cua he ttidng Interbook Khai niem dupc phan ttianh hai kiai: khai niem ketqua cua susuy luan b g b , hay cac khai niem cdtinh tien quyet Su dieu hudng ttiich nghi dupc ttie hien bdi cac chu ttifch cho cac lien ket sieu van ban b i n g each su dung caccheckmarkvanhflng qua bdng mau Hai kl ttiuat ttiich nghi dupc s u dung frong he ttidng la chi dan true tiep he ttidng danh gia va s i p xep lai cac de muc bang chimuc Ben canh dd, he thdng ' Hoc Tien Can bo TP Ho Cfii Minh Tap chi Giao due so 360 127 Interbook t a i hanh xac djnh cac demuc Saduac ngudi si} dung tim hieu hay chua Kithuat IhiJ hai la dua tren viec cung cap cac khai niem Hen quyet lam cosodenguoihoc hiai duoc mot khai niem mflidua tren nhung khainiem MH n j y hflu ich viec giup dompt hpc vien vcS nhflng de tai kho hoac hieu ctiuaro Hethong Interbook lietkevaxep hang oac iien ket den cac noi dung co tinh chat tien quyet de ngucri hpc xem xet kTluSng Viec xep hang cac npi dung de'dua tren so luong cac khai niem ma ngudi hpc datim hieu dupc ' ?J.Heftdng>t'H>»(AdaptiveHypermediaArchitectutejcikhanangtaoracackhoaHTNttenweb.he thong cho phep tao noi dung va cac lien ketco tinli thichnghiduatrenviectriybiaicautnjclienket:k)aib6 lienket,ancaclienkS,chiJtWchcacliSnk& MH ngudihoc duoc xay dung dua tren sothich, xu hudng cua ngudihoc, kien thiic cua ngudi hoc duocthe'hienbangcackieudOlieulogic.GiatrKrae neu khai niem ngudihoc da bift va nguoc lai MH ngudihocc'dthe'duocxemnhumotvec-tocdnhleu lham sd Viec truy nhap noi dung se thay dd'i vec-to nay.lhdngthudngtanghaygiamgiatrimdthoacmot vailhamso " = "• ' • • 2A HS thong KBS Hyperbook System Mgc tieu cua h j l h o n g KBS Hypeibook la xay dung cac tai lieu dien Hi co khanang thich nghitren web Trong he th^ng nay, moi quan h? gifla rac khai niem dr/a Iren MH khai niem cua KBS Hypetbook.Don vj nhonhat he thong Hyperbook la cac chr mrjc iien quan denmotsokhaini$m.MHkienlhucbaogomcackhai niem iien quan den mon hpc va cac hoat dpng hpc ptiulliupc.Bangchiipiaibaogom^pcackhainiSm vdim6idemuccijabangchilgiai,caclienkeldaicac vidu.cacchimuocijaKBSHyperbookvacactrang webtOrnhunglienketwebkhacducro^oja • , , ; He thong KBS HypejbookcOngsu diing cac ki hieu den grao thong de an du cho cac chu grar vrecthichnghi.KBSHyperbookhotrpvrechpctheo muctieu.Ngi/crihpccothedinhnghiamuctieuhpc '?P ™a " " i " ! ! " ^ V^u cau muc treij tiep theo tu hf thong.Vdm6imuctieu,cackienthuctienquyaiuan ludupctaoradengucrrhpctheocacbuocdomadst ^^'^ "i'i=,''S" '^'^ ^ ™ ^ m inh Co che thich nghi sudijngcacthuattoandi^lrencackienthuclatien S"*'^"'^ " " ^ \\«t\ium valam he nao de duan dap " ^ DflOo mgc teu hpc tap cua nguor hoc KBS HyperbooksudungmangBayesdduoclircmgMH Viec dilu hudng thich nghi iua tren cac lien ket '^^' " ' ^ ™ ' " " " ^ •"^• So sanh cac h e t h o n g vdi ba trang thai: thich hpp, khdng thich hpp va khong Chung tdi so sanh cachSthd'ng HTN tren cac tiSu dang chuy Sudung mau chuan theo cdng nghe chi; MH npi dung hpc, xay di/ng MH hpc, cp che WWW de bie'u th'i ba tr^ngthaitren Lien ket Bang So sanh cache thang HTN mauxanh lanhflng lien ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ J H ^ n g KTN ELM-ART INTERBOOK AHA KBS Hypertraoh ket thich hpp, lien ket mau tim lanhflng ien k^ Md hinh noi dung Mgng Mgng Mgng Mgng T$p cdc k h i i khdn^ duoc chu y, cac Tfip cfic Tfip cfic NQI dung kh6a hpc T$p cSc ch? mi,K: ni$m khfii nifiin khfii nifim lien ket cho biet rang Mfi hinh phO M6 hinh phi) ngudi siidung da xem Ut hinh phu sil Mfl hlnh M6 hinh ngudi figc SU' dgng g i i s u d g n g gifi trj npi dung va khdng dgng mifin gifi trj vfic-ta tfl nhi phfin xfic su£t tim hieu dupc thdng tin S d thfch, Thu$c t[nh Ihlch nghi Kifin thih; KiSn thi}c Mgc tifiu mdltflchungvanhflng kl£n thCtc ien ketmauxam thehien Cung cap cfic chu Chi dfin TOy bifin An cfic nhung ndi dung khdng KT thugt thich nghi thich vfi Thay d j i tn/c flSp lifin kSt lifin kfit thich hpp irfit lir lign k€t He thdng AHA sfl dung hai each tao khda hpc HTN 00 ban: - Thdng qua viec an va chu thich cac lien k^t; - Thdng qua viec phan chia ndi dung cac ndi dung nhd hfln Trong ca hai each tren, he 1h6ng danh ^ia suphu hpp cua mdt trang ndi dung cd lien quan den tap cac yeu cau cua trang npi dung dd vavec-tdki^ thflc cua ngudihpcd^c biet la cac thupc tinh da dupc xem xeL 28 Tap chi Giao due so 360 thich nghi(xemtianj) Sau tim hieu, phan tich va so sanh cac he thong, nhan thay cac hethdng cdn tdn t?i nhflng diem han chedudiday: Mttnorrfung/ioc-Cachp thd'ng d i u siidungMH mang dexay dung MH ndi dung hpc la tap cac khai niem Cac MH mdi quan &m den viec dua duoc cac khai niem phu hop vdi ngudn hpc ma chua (ki2-6/201S) xem xetviec ttiuc hien cac hoatdong, nhiem vu hpc and Applications, vol 151, pp 647-648 [ciled at p phu hop vdi ngudi hpc frong qua ttinh ttiam gia khda , i00];2006 hpc Cac MH lua chpn dupc khai niem phu hpp Anh N v , Kien, D H and Dam, H S Applying vdi ngudi hpc nhung chua hudng d i n ngudi hpc lam Collaborative E-learning to Develop a Question A n s w e r i n g S y s t e m Journal of Research and ttie nao detim hi^u dupc khai niem dd Development on Information & Communications MH ngudihoc: Khi xay dutig M H ngud^ hpc, cac Technology 20 5-12 [cited at p 37, 98]; 2008 hettiong neu fren chua su'dung n h i ^ ttiudc tinh cua Henze N and Nejdl, W Adaptivity in the KBS ngudi hpc dd'ttiich nghi Su'dung gia frj nhj phan {vi Hyperbook System 2nd Workshop on Adaptive du: biet/khdng biet), gia trj djnh tinh (vi du: tdt, tmng Systems and User Modeling on the WWW (Toronto, binh, kem), gia frj djnh luong (vt du: tap sd' nguyen Canada May 1999) [cited at p , , , ] ; 1999 frong khoang [1 100])dedinh lupng muc dp hieu biet khai niem cua ngudi hpc Cac gia fri khdng SUMMARY The study of adaptable personal leaming serves dat dupc dp chinh xac cao danh gia m 0*0 dp hieu biet cua ngudi hpc Them vao dd, hetticnigsegap khd as the foundaUon of developing systems of adaptable courses khan frong viec phan ldp ngudi hpc de thich nghi leaming towards setting up standardized meeting the needs and goals of adult education dua fren cac gia frj Ngoai ra, cac he thong cung khdng danh gia muc dp hoan ttianh viec ttiuc hien cae hoatdpng cua ngudi hpc (do each tiep can MH npldung hpc khdng xem xet den cac hoatdpng, nhigm vg hoc tap) (Ttip Sieo trang 26) Cache thich nghi: Lua chpn cac ndi dung phu hpp vdi ngudi hpc (vi du: cac khai niem frong hetfiwig (1) Ban Chip hinh Trung inmg Nghi quyi't s6 29IntertiookvaAHA.baitipldnfrong KBS Hyperbook ) NQ/TW ngdy 4/11/2013 vi ddi m^ cdn bdn, loan chua ^ tien frinh hpc tap phu hqp vdi ngudi hpc, dien gido due vd ddo lao cung nhutrong mdi glal doan cua tien trinh hpc chua hudng d i n ngudi hpc cac budc can ttiuc hien de cd Tai lieu t h a m khao tti^hoan ttianh giai doan dd DSng QuO'c BSo - DO QuCic Anh - Dinh Thj Kim Thoa C a m nang n^ng cao nSng lire v^ phim chfi't Tdm lal.frjrviecngh^n cihi mptsdhettidng HTN, dOi ngu gjdo vi«n NXB U ludn chinh tri, H 2007 tac gta da so sanh, danh gia, chi mdt sddiem han Vfl Qudc Chung - LeHSi Ytfn Di tirhqc d ? t dwyc c h M a y lamdt frong cac CO sddehinlittianhnhSng hifu quS NXB Dai hpc supham, H 2003 muc ti§u ve MH HTN nhu; MH ndi dung hpc, MH Bemd Meier - NguySn VSn CirbTig Li luSn day ngudi hpc, va co chd'ttiich nghi • hpc hifn dai NXB Bai hpc supham, H 2014 Luat Giao d u e n ^ 2005, stjra ddi bd sung nSm T&{ lifu tham k h i o 2009 NXB Chinh trj qudc gia - S^t th^t, H 2009 Brusilovsky, P Methods and Techniques of Adaptive Hypermedia User Modeling and User Pham Vi^t Vm?ng Li ludn day hoc dai hpc NXB Adapted Interaction, 6, 87-129 [ciled at p vii 2, 12, Gido diic, H 2003 MptsOvanSecilliaiL 13 14,73,99]; 1996 Kubes T Application of Hypermedia Systems in E-learning Master's thesis Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in FYague [cited at p 13, 21]; 2007 Brusilovsky, P., S c h w a r z , E and Weber, G Elm-art: An Intelligent Tutoring System on the World W i d e W e b Proceedings of the Third Intemational Conference ITS [cited at p 13,17,20 21 22, 28, 37, 48 70]; 1996 Anh N V and Ho, S D Applying Weighted Learning Object to Build Adaptive Course in E-learning Learning by Effective Utilization of Technologies: Facilitating Intercultural Understanding Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence (ki2-6/2015) SUMMARY Teaching activities in universities should develop innovation- oriented learners' capacity because this Is the Inevitable trend of modem society This trend of new teaching, manifested In the management of teaching quality management focuses on leaming outcomes of students Leaming objectives of the course are described througii energy ^oups, which are: professional competence, method competence, social competence and Individual capacity This capacity corresponds to the four pillars of educaUon as leaming to know, learning to leaming to live together and leam to assert themselves The paper presents several problems related to leaming capacity approaches Tap chi Gido due so 360 29 ... Mgc tieu cua h j l h o n g KBS Hypeibook la xay dung cac tai lieu dien Hi co khanang thich nghitren web Trong he th^ng nay, moi quan h? gifla rac khai niem dr/a Iren MH khai niem cua KBS Hypetbook.Don... diing cac ki hieu den grao thong de an du cho cac chu grar vrecthichnghi.KBSHyperbookhotrpvrechpctheo muctieu.Ngi/crihpccothedinhnghiamuctieuhpc ''?P ™a " " i " ! ! " ^ V^u cau muc treij tiep theo... t[nh Ihlch nghi Kifin thih; KiSn thi}c Mgc tifiu mdltflchungvanhflng kl£n thCtc ien ketmauxam thehien Cung cap cfic chu Chi dfin TOy bifin An cfic nhung ndi dung khdng KT thugt thich nghi thich