62 N G 6 N NGf & Btn S 6 N G S6 12 (242) 2015 NI^N THU''''C CUA GlAO VlfeN Vt DU''''DNG HU''''DNG DAY HQC THEO NHIfM Vy D 6 I VCfl KI NANG N 6 I NGHI£N CtrtJ TRU''''dNG HOP L 6 P 11, TRU''''ONG PTTH CHUY£N NGUYfiN H[.]
62 N G N N G f & Btn S N G S6 12 (242)-2015 NI^N THU'C CUA GlAO VlfeN Vt DU'DNG HU'DNG DAY HQC THEO NHIfM Vy D I VCfl KI NANG N I : NGHI£N CtrtJ TRU'dNG HOP L P 11, TRU'ONG PTTH CHUY£N NGUYfiN HUf, HA D N G , H A NQI TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING IN SPEAKING SKILLS: A CASE STUDY OF GRADE 11 OF NON-ENGLISH MAJOR, NGUYEN HUE GIFTED HIGH SCHOOL, HA DONG, HANOI H O A N G T H U Y HUONG (ThS; D^i hgc Ngo^i ngfr, DHQG H i N$0 Abstract: The article explores English teacher's perceptions at a high school of TBLT llie findings show that most of the respondents misimderstand a TBLT concepts Additionally, they not also employ the ai^roach in their teaching practice The article also suggests some solutions to the current problems Key words: Task-based language teaching; teacher's perceptions; task 1, Khii iii$m ^'dufrng hudng d^y hgc theo nhifm vy** /./ Dudng hudng d(iy hgc theo nhi^m vy iln diu xult hi$n dyfind^y hgc theo giao tilp cfra Prabhu vio nfim 1979 vi dugc nhilu nhi nghidn cfru nhu Little Wood, Rod Ellis, David Nunan sfr dyng nhu m$t sy dll mdi phirong phi d^y hgc (PPDH) Dirdng hudng dfiy hgc theo nhi$m vy ddi khic phyc dugc nhttng tSn t^i cua dudng hudng PPP (giditiiidu-tiiychinh - sin xult), khdi dgng qui trinh tilptiiukiln thfrc d ngtidi hgc vi vide d^y cung clp ngQ cinh dl kfch ho^t qufi trinh niy 1.2 D^y hgc tiieo nhi^m vy li m$t PPDH hidu qui vdi djnh hudng, myc tidu cy thl dl thfrc diy dgng lyc d ngudi hgc Trong dudng hudng d^y hgc theo n h i ^ vy, ngudi hgc dugc tilp xfrc vdi cfic tii lidu xfic thyc, cd co hdi sfr dyng ngdn ngQ dang hgc, cd dugc dgng lyc dl hgc t$p Ehidng hudng d^y hgc theo nhi^m vy d{ii didn cho quan dilm hgc ngdn ngQ theo chfrc nfing vi tuong tfic, t|ip trung chfr ylu vio ngtt nghta vi nfing giao tilp cfra ngudi hgc dl hoin tiiinh nhidm vy Willis dS md ti bin chit cfra vide d^y hgc theo nhidm vy li "chfr trgng din myc tieu vi kit qui; ngfr nghTa hon ngQ ph^; tfch hgp nhidm vy vi th\rc hinh cfic Id nfing" f" 1.3 Md hhtii chfnh xic cfra dudng hudi^ dfiy hgc tiieo nhidm vy dugc dua bdi h^c gii Willis vio nim 1996 vi sau dd tilp tyc dugc phfit triln bdi tfic gii Frost vio nfim 2006 Theo dd, dudng hudng niy bao glm cfic giai dofui: 1/Tiln nhidm vy (gi(^ thi^u chfr d^ vi nhidm ^vy); 2/Chu kl nhidm vy (tiiyc hi^n nhidm vy ldp kl ho^ch, bio cio); 3/Trgng tfim ngdn ngtt (phSai tfch vi thyc hinh kiln tiifrc ngdn ngtt dang hgc) Cy till: - Trong giai d o ^ tiln nhidm vy, chfr dl bao quit vi cic nhidm vy cln phfii hoin thinh, cfic ylu tl mdi sd dugc giditiiidu,huy ddng vi dn Ifli kien thfrc cQ, lim giim bdt qui trlnh c^ nhdt kiln thfrc mdi, thfrc diy ngudi hgc hieu nhidm vy theo cich khit khe hon - Giai do^n chu kl nhidm vy chia thinh giai dofui nhd hon Trudc hit, HS sfr dyng ngon ngtt dang hgc nhilu nhit dl hoin tiifinh nhidm vy Vdi sg gifrp dd cfra GV, hg d$c bi^ luu ^ tdi syr trdi chiy, tdp trung vio ngtt nghta, dugc tfio CO hgi sfr dyng kiln thfrc ngdn ngC^ di bilt dl hoin thinh nhidm vy Sau dd, HS l$p kl ho^ch bio cio nhidm vy Culi cing, qui trinh bio cio, cic kt nfing sd ty dgng dugc cii thi^n gita dopn niy, HS dugc ydu S6 12 (242)-201S NG6N NGU* & Ddl S6NG cau lim vide tiieo nhdm, theo c$p dl hoin tiiinh nhidm vy Vai trd cfra GV li gjim sit, ho trg, nhrnig khdng can thidp vfio qui trinh sfr dyng ngdn ngfr cua SV • Giai dofm culi cfrng li trgng tfim ngdn ngQ, bao g6m phan tfch, thyc hinh giup cfrng CO vi phin inh l^i Khi ngudi hgc dfi tilp xfrc, sfr dyng ngdn ngtt mgt cich cd nghta tfrc li hg d& hgc dugc mdt vii d$c dilm ca bin xult hidn d giai do^n tnrdc dd 1.4 PPDH tiieo nhidm vy cd nhQng khd khinvi thu§n lgi nhu sau: - Nhttng thudn Igi cfra PPDH theo dudng hudng nhi^m vy: Doi vdi ngudi HQC: 1/Hgc vidn ty tin hon ndi vi giao tilp nhanh chl sau mdt khda hgc; 2yHg tiifch svi tiifr tiiich tiln hinh lim nhidm vy vi thiy cd nhilu dilu thfr vj; 3/Hg cd thl ndi vl chfnh ngdn ngQ bdn cfuih cic chfr dl khic haydii m$t vdi nhttng ldi ndi t^i phfit d§ ding ban vi thio ludn bii dgc khd theo cich phfr hgp; - Hg trd thinh nhQng ngudi hgc tu chfr Doi vdi gido vidn: liudng hudng dfiy hgc theo nhidm vy cd hidu qui hon vdi nhttng Idp hgc nhilu trinh dd khfic nhau; 2/Hgc vidn dem din ldp nhfhig kinh nghidm cfra ci nhfin vi xult hidn nhttng ^ tudnghay, ddc dio; 3/Cu6i m5i khda hgc, hg thudng rit ngfic nhien d nhQng gl hgc vidn di dfit dugc^' - NhQng khd khfin cfra PPDH tiieo dudng hudng nhidm vy: 1/KI ho^ch dy kiln xfiy dyng cic lo^i nhidm vy, chuSl nhidm vy, s\i dinh gii qui trinh thyc hidn nhidm vy, vln chua dugc minh chfrng Tit ci chi trdn If thuylt hem li t h ^ tiln; 2^udng hudng niy kdm hidu qui vide day ngdn ngQ theo hd tiling, khdng phfr hgp ddi vdi ngudi hgc d trinh d$ bfit diu vl hg sd tdn dyng tilng m? dd di lfic IB khdi nhidm vy Hon nOa, su tuong tic gifta ngudi hgc vdi ngudi hgc cd till dSn tdi s^r don giin hda cich sfr dyng ngdn ngft dai^ theo hgc vi su ddng bing vl ngdn ngQ Hgc gii Skehan cung dua quan diem ridng: dirdng hudng d^y hgc theo nhidm vy cd the tao ip lyc doi vdi su giao tilp khdng ngfrng hon li s^ thay d6i vi phit triln lidn ngfin ngft Hgc vidn cd thl sfr dyng mdt vii chiln lugc giao tilp nhu diln giii ngfin ggn hon, si; l$p l^i, sing tfio tfr, Cic bii tiiuylt trinh suv ludn cd the dya nhilu vio nfing ho$c kien thfrc hon chi mdt ngdn ngft Sv tuong tic dudng hudng tren bj hfm h?p vi ngirdi hgc tdp trung qui nhilu vio ngft n^ta giao tilp mi khdng dk tfim tdi sv chinh xic cfra clu trfrc, ngdn tfr hg sfr dyng.Vi v§y, toin bd su tuong tic dd chfr ylu tdp trung vio vide hoin thinh nhidm vy Tam quan trgng cua dirdng hirdng d^y hgc theo nhifm vy 2.1 Viphuvnigphdp dtff hpc Theo Stem, khdng cd giing vidn (GV) nio l^i cd thl d^y mi khdng cd If thuylt giing d^y Vifc giing d^y cd thltiifrcdiy qui trinh nh^ thfrc nlu tfnh su ph^m dugc xem xdt vi nhQng gi dugcfrngdyng vio giing d^y bit nguin tfr phuong p h ^ GV lya chgn vi vifc hg ^ thfrc dugc ndn gidi thifu chfrng nhu thl nio Tit ei cic PPDH diu cd gii djnh don giin hda ring, nhflng gl GV lim Idp hgc cd thl quy udc hda thinh mdt lo^t nhflng tiln trlnh phfr hgp vdl mgi hoin einh vi chfrng ta diu biltdilu dd li khdng phfr hgp Nhu vfiy, mgi thfr xiy ldp hgc phin inh nilm tin vl bin chit cfra ngdn ngft, qui trinh hgc tdp, giing dyy Vdy, vm dl khdng nim d chS phuong phip nio tit nhit hay mdt phuong phip mdi*ed uu thl hon phuong phip cu hay khdng mi d vifc GV hgc eieh dieu chhih PPDH vi dudng hudng nhu till nio, hg giii thfch vl phuong phip hay dudng hudng dang sfr dyng Ndi cich khic, GV c&i dugc khuyin khfch chuyin tfr tu tudng sang ciu hdi, dilu tra 2.2 Mdi quan h$ giOa nhpi thUcc cda GVvd thfjtc tiin Nhdntfifrecfra GV cd mli lidn hf ch$t chd vdi thyc tiln gjing day cfra hg (xem so dl sau) Ser m: Nhdn tht^ sich giio trinh, vf dy idiir nhifm vy J , nhifm vy 2, nhifm vy v i nhftng nhifm vy niy daxfe sfip xip nhim phfr hgp vdi tiln trinh gifioig d^iy nhu PPP hay Trudc-TrongSau ndi Khii nifm nhifm vy don gjfin dugc djch tfr tilng Anh sang tilng Vift Chl nhSt cd d$c diem quan trgng nhifm vy dugc cfic giio vi&i de c||) den dd l i tip trung vio ngD ndiZa v i ddxdx gji nhifm vy.Tlt c i gjfio vidn wu dong ^ ling, d^y ndi, ngQ nghta li quan trgng trdn h i t Tvt^ nhidn, cfich hg dfinh gii c ^ vifc cfra smh vidn li khie GV A, B, C cho ilng vifc dinh gii smh vidn Sa tidn dya vio df trffi chiy, ridng GVD dfinh gji sinh vi&i dyati&nkit qui v i d i ^ lugng hofintiifinhnhifm vy S6l2(242)-2015 N G N NGf \^ ijl! ^t gjt l^i ,gli )j, ^ ^ -li \ L J Khi dUgc hdi vl cic lofii nhifm vy, giio vidn lift kd mdt s6 lofu nhifm vy nhu: ddng kjch, diln vio ehS fr6ng, v i tiifio lu^n GV B khdng (^ cdp tdi bat ki lofii nhifm vy nio>lhihig vf dy vl cfic lo^i nhifm vy niy tuong frng vdi If thuylt vl nhifm vy nlu so sinh vdi eic khii nifm cfra chi^g Thii hai, nhdn thdc cda gido vi&n vi dt^ hpc theo tihi$m vi^ ddi vdi Id ndng ndi: Tit c i gjfio vien deu cd cfiu trfi ldi chua thyc sv rd ring vl khii nifm d^y hgc theo nhifm vy CHio vidn diu cd chung mft ^ kiln i ^ g , dfiy hgc theo nhifm vy dd li gjing d^y dya tidn c ^ nhifm vy d i eho Gifio vidn gjao nhifm vy dio sinh vidn v i ^ i ^ hg thyc hifn cie nhifm vy niy vdi tu cfich li ngudi hudng din Cich hilu nhu vdy trung 1^ C&a tri iin mang t b h chung chung v i djnh nghia niy dugc suy tfr thuft ngft "dya trdn nhifm vy" Ba vln dl giio vidn