lA I WAN aiAa aye • B»Y H^C GAC YEU TO TRONG GIA DINH ANH HOfiNG DEN SD HlNH THANH, PHAT TRIEN TiNH TD LDC CDA TRE 3 5 TOOl I Tuluc (TL) la mpt pham chat o''''n djnh cua nhan cach dupchinhthanh trong qua[.]
lA I.WAN aiAa aye • B»Y H^C GAC YEU TO TRONG GIA DINH ANH HOfiNG DEN SD HlNH THANH, PHAT TRIEN TiNH TD LDC CDA TRE 3-5 TOOl ThS I.Tuluc (TL) la mpt pham chat o'n djnh cua nhan cach.dupchinhthanh quatrinh hoatdpng,cdy nghTa quan trpng dd'i vdi suphat trien cua ngudi TL la s i ; khdng phu thupc, san sang chju trach nhiem vcri hanh dpng cua minli, cd niem tin vao nang luc cua ban than Tinh TL coy nghia quyetdjnh den suhinh thanh, phat trien nhan caeh cua tre m i u giao Tre dp tud'i td3-5 da cd cd su phat trien manh ve y thdc ban nga va nhu eau tu khang dinh, cd kha nang TL nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhu hoat dpng hpc t?p, vui ehoi d tnidng mam npn; hoat ddng lao dpng tu phue vu va giup dd bd me mpt so cong viec pfiu hpp vdi kha nang cua minh, Tinh TL cdn giiip tre nang dpng, khPi day su sang tao, long ham hieu bie't, muon kham pha nhdng dieu mdi la cua the gidi tu nhien va cupc sd'ng xa hpl Viec giao due tinh TL cho tre td nhd la vo cung can thiet, giup tre m^nh d ^ hon, tu tin hdn, de gia nhap cudc sd'ng cpng dong sau Ngay nay, xa hpl hien dai, vai^trd quan trpng cua giao due gia dinh lai cang dupc khang djnh Trong gia dinh, theo trinh dp hieu biet cua cha me, quan diem, phupng phap giao due cua gla dinh ma tre hpc Suae nhung ehuan muc dao ddc, thoiquen lao dpng, each tuduy va dae biet la kha nang TL d mde dp khac De tim hieu ve van de nay, chiing tdl tien hanh khao sat 20 gia dinh tai cum dan cu td'2, thi tra'n Cau Diln, huyen Tu Liem, phd Ha Npi (td thang 6/2012-6/2013) 2.Nhiing yeu toanh hvdng den st/hinh ttianh, phat trien tinh TL cho tre 3-5 tijoi T C i c ) & t i i n h hiring T T M dO hqc vin cQa cha nw Bliu kltnvjtcliit cua gia tflnh ThAI gian cha m ; tiip xilc vdl Odngf Phinvin ti 15 10 dirqf SL 0 a 15 0 ' S D 25 10 % SL 19 9S 13 6S SL 1S 14 18 75 70 90 KhDng % % tri \ ctianK tmng giiDduc c i l Cic v ^ I t khic SV thing nhit quan difm clia Bang tren cho thay, gia dinh, ye'u td'dlu tien (ki2-8/2013)- D A M THI VAN ANH" anh hudng de'n su hinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL chP tre 3-5 tuoi la su thong nhat quan diem cua cha me giao due eon cai {95%}, tiep theo la thdi gian cha me tiep xue vdi tre (90%), trinh hqc van eua chame(75%), diSukien vat chat cua gia dinh (70%), cac yeu to khac (65%) Tat ea cac yeu td deu co moi quan he matthlet, anh hudng den suhinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL cho tre 3-5 tuoi 1)Stfthdhgnhatquandiem cuachametrong giao diJC ca/dupc coi la mot nhutig yeu to vo eung quan trpng de tre phat trien tinh TL 19/20 gia dinh dupe hoi da dong y vdl quan diem Deed the dat dupc ket qua tot qua trinh giao due cai noi chung va hinh tinh TL cho tre noi rieng, gia dinh, can co su thong nhat cao giua cac vien ve phuong phap giao due eon, tranh tinh trang "trdng danh xudi, ken thdi ngupc", tao nhung anh hudng trai ehieu, khong tieh cue de'n qua trinh giao due tinh TL cho tre 2) Thdigian cha me tiep xue vdi tre Qua khao sat, 90% gia dinh cho ring thdi gian cha me tie'p xue vdi tre cdanh hudng de'n suhinh thanh, phattrien tinh TL cua tre Trong qua trinh tro ehuyen, tiep xije vdi cac bae phu huynh, hau het cac bae eha me deu eho rling, ho can cd nhieu thdi gian hpn nda viee giao due Hp da edging danh thdi gian de quan tam cham sdc, giao due cai, nhung thdi gian nhu the van chua d d Cd 60% gia dinh dupc hdi ed thol gian tiep xiic, trd chuyen, chol vdi tre nhieu hdn tieng/ngay Hau het cac gia dinh, thdi gian tiep xue vol tre cua ngudi cha it hdn ngudi mp Tham chi cd gia dinh, ngudi cha thudng xuyen vang nha edng viec (nhu di xay dung cong trinh, CP quan dxa, ) Theo ehung toi, eha hoac mecdqua it thdi gian tiep XUC vdi, gan gui vdi tre se anh hudng khong tdt den su phat trien cua tre Thdi gian tiep xue vdi tre cd mpt y nghia rat ldn bdi day chinh la yeu tdvd cCing quan trpng, tao *• Khoa Urn li - Giao due, TiUDngflaihQC ar pham Ka Ngi Tap chi Gido dye so 316 21 dieu kien cho cha me cd the cham sdc, phat hien, cung CO, udn n i n , boi dudng n h i ^ g kha nSng cua minh Dac biet, cha me luon la nhdng td'm guong sang deeon cai hpc t|p, lam theo Khao s^t cho thay, nhdng giadinhmacachavampd^u danh nhieu thdi gian tiep xue, gan gui vdi tre thi kha ndng cua tre dupc phat trien tdt hdn, cd tinh TL 3) Trinh dg hgc van cua cha m f cung anhhucmg Idn den vipc hinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL cho tre (chiem den 75%) Ke't qua khao sat eho thay, trinh dp hpc van cua cha mp tuong dd'i cao, ti le tdt nghiep tmng hpc cp sd, trung hpe phd thong la 35%; ti le tdt nghiep eao ding, dai hpc la 45% Thue tdcho thay, d nhdng gia dinh cha me co trinh dp hpc vS'n cao, eai CO tinh TL eao hon so vdi gia dinh eha me cd hpe van thap Tuy nhien, co nhung trudng hpp ngupc lai, nhuchau Nguyen M A tuoi, cha me co hpc van cao nhung vi la mdtnen dupc bdme rat cung chieu, khdng mudn chau lam bat cdviec gi Ben canh dd, co mpt sd tre sinh gia dinh ma cha me co trinh dp hpe van thap nhung kha nang TL lai rat tdt Cha me cac ehau cho biet, vi hp ban nhieu edng viee nen mpi viee, td ve sinh ca nhan, an com, thu dpn dd chPi, ehau deu tu lam Nhu vay, trinh dp hpe van eua eha me ehi gop phan vao viec glao due tinh TL cho tre d gia dinh chd khong ddng vai tro quyet djnh Qua khao satthuc trang, onhung gia dinh macha mecotrinh dp eao ding, dai hpc deu edsuthdng nhat viec glao due con, dae biet la giao dye tinh TL Voisuhieu biet ve kien thdc giao due tre, hp luon c6su ehi bao, udn nan va co nhung hanh dpng lam guong cho cai noi theo Ben eanh dd, cd nhung gla dinh eha me cd hpc van nhung thdi gian tiep xue vdi qua it hoae ngupc lai, eham sdc mdt each thai qua, dap dng mpi yeu cau ddi hoi cua tre Jam thay tat ca eae cdng viec cho con, Mpt sd bae phu huynh quan niem r^ng tre cdn nho, ehua the tu lam mdt sd viecnhutlmn}a,ehogaan, neude'trelamvdamat thdi gian, co ngudi Idn phai lam lai hoac 'Ihu dpn chien trudng", dd ho lam luon cho nhanh Mpt sd bae phu huynh lai cam doan, quat mIngmSikhltretu lam mptviec gi dd Oleu segay anh hudng khdng tdt den su hinh va phat trie'n tinh TL cho tre 4) Bieu kien vat chat cua gia dinh la ye'u td dupe danh gia kha cao su hinh thanh, phat trie'n tinh TLchotre.Dieukipn vat cliatPday dupe hieu lanhung dieu kien phgcvy cho nhu cau sinh hoat cua gia dinh, td chuyen an mac, hpc hanh cua eon cai de'n viec s i m sda nhCmg dung gia dinh va nd ptiu 221 Tqp chi Giao dye so 316 thupc i^t nhieu vao nghe nghipp va thu nhap cua c)]a mp nhiJng gia dinh kha gia, cha me thudng co ngh^ nghiep, thu nhgp dn dinh nen hp co nhilu thdi gian chSm lo ddn cai Ngupc Igi, nhdng gia dinh co mde sdng trung binh, th^m chi la ngheo thudng khong c6 nghe n^hi^p dn djnh, thu nhap bap b§nh Hp phai danh nhieu thdi gian cho viec kie'm tien, dam bao cho cupc sdng hang nen it d e y den glao due cai, vi the, viec phat trien tinh TL cho tre g|p rat nhieu khd khan 5) Cac yeu to'khacnhu site khde cua tre, sdcon m^t gia dinh, kinh nghi&m giao dye tre, kifi'n thdc ve suphat tri^n tam sinh li tre, cung 6udc danli gia la cd sii anh hudng nhat djnh de'n suhinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL cho tre 3-5 tud'l 3.Nhuvay,cdnhieuye'utdcdanhhudngd^vl$c giao due tre Trong do, trinh dp hpc van, su hieu bilt eua cha me gdp phan mang lai nhung quan diem dung d i n viec eham sdc va glao due tre, nhSt la ren luyen tinh TL cho tre Ngoai ra, dieu kien v^t chiit cua gia dinh, thdi gian cha me gan gui, tiep xue vdl tre, cung la nhi>ig yeu td thuan lpi de giup tre phat trien tinh TL nhung gia dinh c d s i / t h ^ g nhaitquan diem ve npi dung, phuang phap giao due thudng tao dupe nhung anh hudng tich cue ddi vdi tre Cac bae phy huynh ludn mong muo'n co nhieu thdi gian hon de eham sdc, giao dye tre mdt each dung dim phu hop va khoa hpc Do vay, viec trao da kmh nghiem giao due giua nha tn/dng va gia dinh can dupc t i ^ hanh mpt each thudng xuyen Ren luyen tinh TL cho tre giai dogn 3-5 tudi la vo cung can thiet Thuc te cho thay, tre cdthe tu lam dupe rait nhieu viec tu phuc vu ban than va giup cha me mot sdcdng viec nhe nhang, phi) hpp vdi sde minh.Tre chl cdthe liinh tlianh vaphat trien tinh TL thdng qua hoatdpng va b^ng hoat dpng Vi the, cha me can tao moi tnidng hoat ddng cho tre, de tre ed the thuc hien cong vi^c mdt each TL Ben canh do, six chl bao, khich Ip, dpng vien tre tO' cha me va nhdng ngudi than khac gia dinh tre thuc hien va hoan cdng viec la vd eiing quan trpng, gitip tre pha'n cha'n, thich tliu va tutin hon vao nang luc cua ban than D Tdi li£u tham khao Ph^m Khdc Chirang Gido d^c giaffinh.NXB Gido d(ic,H.\999 NgO CPng Ho^n Tfim h hpc gia dinh NXB Bifi hgc su phgm, HA993 (Xem 0p trang 36) -(ki 2-8/2013) Vi du, de DH bai "Bao ve bau khdng saeh'(Khoa hoc 4), G V cdthdeho cac em: kdchuyen, dpc nhung eau thp lien quan den chu de bai hpc {tri tue ngdn ngu}; thi ve tranh, phac hpa nhdng hinh anh lien quan den bao ve bau khdng (tri tup khdng gian, tri tue tu nhien hpe); thuyet trinh ve nhdng bdc tranh vda ve (tri tue giao tiep, van dpng); hat bai hat ho^c sang tac bai hat, dieu mua, lien quan den chu de bao ve moi tnrdng (tri tue am nhac) Qua nghien edu vathuc nghiem, eothdthdy, viee tdchdc DH b§ng ban dd tuduy tao moi trudng hpc tap da tri tue, Phupng phap DH ban dd tu huy dpng nhieu tri thong minh p HS, nang eao hieu qua DH, gdp phan phat trien toan dien eho HS Theo do, tdchdc DH bing ban tuduy: 1} Mddau bai hpe, GV eho HS nghien cdu tai lieu, dpc tham SGK (phat huy tri tue npi tam, ngdn ngd) 2) HS thap luan nhdm, \ap ve npi dung, dudi su d i n dat, gpi y cua G V (phat huy tri tue giao tiep) 3) HS thiet lap ban tu ve bai hpc (phat huy tri tue ngdn ngu, togic, khdng gian) vi ban dd tuduy la su ket hpp ca dudng net, mau sac, chd viet va cdthe ve them cac hinh anh lien tudng thue te cude sdng, thien nhien vao ban tu (tri tue tu nhien hpc) 4) HS thuyet trinh veban tuduy trudc nhom, ldp Viec thuyet trinh can ca ngddieu, am dieu, dieu bp co the (phat huy tri tue giao tiep, hinh the dpng nang, am nhac) Vi du, tdchuc DH bai Bao vebau khong saeh (Khoa hoc 4) bang ban tu duy, GV td ehuc eho HS: Nghien edu tai lieu, saeh giao khoa; thao luan nhom, to; HS lap ban dd tuduy; HS thuyet trinh trudc Idp v l ban tu m6i Iri/cing, d i l u kien giang day, hoc t^p, vui choi da tri tue, da phuong lien; Giup GV biel phat huy nhflng I l i l manh cua ri§ng minh, tim phi/ong phap DH loi uu nhSft cho tflng bai hpc va tflng doi Iflflng HS, biS't i