Trao doi hpc thui^t & Thdng tin Khoa hpc Cdng ngh^ MOT SO YEU TO CAN XEM XET KHI THII I KE MPT BAI THI NGHE TIENG ANH ThS BACH TH( THANH B^ mdn Anh vdn Khoa Khoa hpc Cff bdn Tru&ng Dpi hpc Giao thdng[.]
Trao doi hpc thui^t & Thdng tin Khoa hpc Cdng ngh^ MOT SO YEU TO CAN XEM XET KHI THII I KE MPT BAI THI NGHE TIENG ANH ThS BACH TH( THANH B^ mdn Anh vdn Khoa Khoa hpc Cff bdn Tru&ng Dpi hpc Giao thdng V^n tdi Tdm tot: Trong dgy vd hgc ngogl ngir vii'c kicm tra ddnh gid hdn kv ndng nghe ndi, dgc Vict ludn dirge coi Id veu id khdng ihC thieu nhdm thuc ddy qud trinh hgc tgp cua sinh vien Tuy nhien, dc vii'c ddnh gid dugc thgc hipn tot thi thiet ke de thi la khdu vd cimg quan trgng Bdi bdo ndy sS de cgp den mpt so yeu Id cdn xem xet kht thiet ke mgt de thi nghe tieng Anh Summary: In foreign language teaching and learning, testing all four skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing is always considered an important factor to motivate students' study To have a good a.ssessment, however, test design plays an important role This article will mention some considerations in designing an English listening lest I DAT VAN OE II NOI DUNG Trong qud trinh dgy vd hgc ngogi ngO' khdu kiem tra danh gid cd vai trd het sue quan trgng nham thuc day qua trinh hgc tap ciia sinh vien vd dac thii ciia mdn hgc ndy Id vipc kiem tra ddnh gid thudng dugc tien hdnh cho bdn kj n3ng rieng bipt nghe, ndi, dgc vd viet "Theo Alderson vd Baehman (2001) thi vipc kiem tra danh gid ky ndng nghe dugc xem la mgt nhu^ng phan kiem tra quan trgng nhat Tuy nhien, viec kiem tra danh gid ndy chua dugc thyc hipn hipu qua." ([2], trang 90) Tren thyc tl, vipc danh gid chinh xdc vd hipu qua khd ndng ciia sinh vien phy thugc vdo nhieu khdu dd khau de thi Id vd ciing quan trgng Vi vdy khudn khd bdi bdo tdc gid se de cap den mgt sd yeu td can xem xet de thiet ke mgt de thi nghe tdt dgt dugc tinh gid trj vd tin cay cao Theo Buck (2001) cd ba phucmg thuc ddnh gid k> ndng nghe: phucmg thirc kiem tra rieng bipt tirng thdnh td (the discrete-point approach) rat phd bien vao nhurng ndm 1950 ddi hdi ngudi nghe phdi nhan dien phan biet dugc cac td rieng biet eiia ngdn ngij' mgt chudi Idi ndi; phuang thuc kiem tra tich hgp (the integrative approach) bat ddu vdo ddu nhii:ng nam 1970 yeu cdu ngudi nghe cd kha nang nhgn dien nhieu thdnh td Idi ndi Cling mgt tuc \a dang bdi thudng gap la nghe viet chinh td hodc nghe dien chd trdng mgt dogn van; phuang thuc kiem tra theo dudng hudng giao tiep (the communicative approach) xuat hipn gan nhu ddng thdi vdi phucmg thuc kiem tra tich hgp, d dgng kiem tra ndy ngudi nghe phdi cd kha ndng hieu dugc ca dogn van rdi su dyng nd ngu Tap chi KHOA H O C G I A O T H O N G VAN T A ! S6 37 - 03/2012 Trao ddi hpc thudt & Thdng tin Khoa hpc Cdng nghe canh Cho dii khd nang nghe ciia sinh vien dugc ddnh gia theo phuang thirc nao thi thiet ke mgt bdi thi nghe eiJng cdn phdi xem xet mgt sd yeu td nhat dinh sau Yeu cau Clia bdi thi (Test Specifications) Khi thiet ke mgt bai thi ndi chung hay mdt bdi thi nghe ndi rieng ngudi dl trudc het cdn ndm dugc cae yeu cau cua nd bao gdm muc dich (ddy Id bai thi phan logi kicm tra trinh dg hay ddnh gid qua Irinh ) doi tugng (dg tudi, trinh dg tiing Anh, nghi nghipp ) thdi lugng bdi thi Theo Alderson el al, ckz tieu chi bdi thi thudng dugc vici dudi dgng vdn bdn chinh thirc neu rd bdi thi kiem tra cdi gi vd dugc tiln hanh nhu thi ndo, kem theo Id cdc hudng dan vl ngi dung kilm tra, cdch tinh diem de ngudi dy thi nam dugc ([4], trang 197) Can cir vao cdc tieu chi ndy, ngudi de mdi cd the quyet djnh dugc chi tiet ve sd lugng cau hdi, tdc dg Idi ndi, ddi cita bai nghe Kicn thuc nen ciJa (Background Knowledge) ngudi nghe Kiln thuc nen Id yeu td cdn xem xet thilt ke de nghe vi nd dnh hudng nhilu din khd ndng hieu vd Idm bdi thi ciia sinh vien Tuy nhien, de thi cdn phdi ddm bdo rang sinh vien phdi dya vdo khd ndng hieu bdi nghe de lam bdi chir khdng phdi chi dua vdo kiln thiic vdn cd ciia hg Ngudi de cd ba cdch de dam bdo rang ngudi nghe cd kien thirc nen nhu thyc hien bai thi: thir nhlt la trudc klii lam de ngudi de cd the tham khao dya tren ngudn tdi lieu cua khda hgc, thu hai la thdng qua ngif canh hogc vi dy phdn gidi thieu ciia bdi nghe vd thir ba la de thi gdm nhirng chu dl hoan todn mdi Ig ddi vdi todn bg sinh vien Theo cdc tdc gid day Id yeu td cdn thilt dk ddm bao dg gid trj ciia bai thi ([2], trang 93) Cdc dieu kien ma phdn nghe duoc Ihuc hien (Performance Conditions) Cyril Weir vd cdc tdc gid Christine Coombe, Keith Folse, Nancy Hubley da dl cgp den mgt logt cdc dilu kipn can tinh den chgn mgt bai nghe dd Id the logi bai nghe (mgt dogn mieu td, mgt bdi thuyet trinh, hgi thogi hai ngudi trd chuyen tryc tiep hay qua dien thogi, hgi thoai nhieu ngudi, mdt cugc thao lugn, chi ddn, ke chuypn, ban tin, thdng bdo ), logi tieng Anh dugc sir dyng (AnhAnh hay Anh-My, tieng Anh chuan hay tieng Anh dja phuang, tieng Anh ngudi ban xu hay ngudi tu nhirng nude chi sir dung tieng Anh nhu mdt ngoai ngu ndi ), tdc ciia Idi ndi, dai ciia bai nghe, ngu canh dien phan nghe, phdn nghe dugc thyc hien qua bang, video hay giao vien dgc true tiep Theo Cyril Weir chat lugng vd mdi trudng am ciing la yeu td quan trgng phdi luu y de bdi thi dgt dugc gia tri va tin cdy Theo dng su tuang tac ciia tat cd cdc yeu to tren se quylt djnh den hieu bai nghe ciia sinh vien nen ngudi de can het sue luu y Tdt nhien quyet dinh chgn cdc dieu kipn nao neu tren ngudi de ludn phdi bam sat myc dich ddi tugng ciia bdi thi Tir vung (Vocabulary) "Nghien ciiru cho thay sinh vien can biet 90-95% lugng tu vyng phdn nghe thi mdi cd the hieu dugc phan nghe dd (Nation, 1990)" ([2], trang 94) Chinh vi vgy ma theo Cyril Weir thilt kl dl nghe ngudi dl nen cd gdng long cac tu sinh vien da hgc vdo dd Mdt dilu nua cdn luu y Id su lap tir giiJa phdn nghe va cau hdi cung anh hudng den khd cua dl thi Nlu cdc tu xudt hien d phdn nghe dugc lap lai phuang an tra Idi Tap chi KHOA H O C GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 37-03/2012 Trao ddi hpc thugt & Thdng tin Khoa hpc Cong ngh^ dung thi sS d l ddng cho sinh vidn han cdn n l u Idm d l thi ta cd t h i cho nhieu dang de bai thi nd xuat hipn phuang an sai thi sinh vien dgt dg tin cgy cao hon Trong thdi gian gan rat de bj "lira", Cach cau hdi kieu ndy day xu hudng dimg them tranh anh, video va thudng xuat hipn nhQ-ng bdi thi nghe d may tinh nhu T O E I C , i B T T O E F L d l k i l m trinh dd cao nhu T O E F L , lELTS Theo Cyril Weir cdc phuang an trd Idi diing khdng nen ehda cdc t d hodn todn mdi tra ky nang nghe dang cang phd biln nhung theo cac tdc gia Christine Coombe, Keith Folse, Nancy Hubley thi phdi het sire C i i u t r u e tong the b:ii I h i (Test Structure) chii y ddm bdo dg n^t cua hinh anh, ddm bdo Bat ky mgt bai thi nghe ndo ciing nen bat chat lugng cua mdy tinh thyc hipn hinh dau bdng mgt cau hdi de de lam giam bdt sy thuc thi ( [ ] , trang 96) Trong thdi gian cdng thang ciJa sinh vien dong thdi ngi dung gan day bg mdn A n h van trudng Dgi hgc Giao cua 15-20 giay dau bai nghe khdng nen cd thdng cung da thay ddi dgng bai thi nghe cho cau hdi giiip sinh vien cd thdi gian djnh hp cao hgc dd cd sir dyng tranh anh va hudng ngi dung bdi nghe Ngi dung kiem tra budc dau tgo dugc nhirng thay ddi nhdt djnh khdng nen chi todn cau de md phdi ed day dii cdc the logi vd cap dg nhu nghe lay thdng tin chinh, nghe lay thdng tin chi tiet, tham chi ca nhii'ng cdu hdi can cd sy suy lugn tao dg thdch thuc ciia bdi thi v i theo Arthur Hughes de thi cang nhieu dang bdi thi dg tin cgy cdng Soan cau hdi ( I t e m W r i t i n g ) Sau da quyet djnh xong dgng bdi va phan bang nghe ngudi de tiep tuc vdi viec thiet ke cdc cdu hdi cu the Cau hdi nen dugc sdp xep theo trinh t u dugc nghe bdng ddng thdi ngi dung cdc cdu hdi nen cdch cao ( [ ] , trang 36) du xa dc sinh % icn cd thdi gian hoan Dang bai t h i (Formats) cau hdi trudc va nam bat dugc thdng tin Dgng bai thi se la yeu td tiep theo cdn luu y t h i l t k l bai thi nghe vd dgng bai nay, theo nguyen tdc, ludn phdi dugc thdng bao cho sinh vien biet trudc thi Trong cdc cudn sdch dugc de cgp d tren, cae bg de nghe cung nhu cae gido trinh hgc, rat nhieu dang bai kiem tra ddnh gia ky nang nghe dugc de cgp vd gidi thipu: dgng trdc nghipm cau hdi sau ( [ ] , trang 96: [ I ] trang 136; ([3] trang 112) Theo Arthur Hughes neu hai cau hdi dugc bd tri gan qua thi sinh vien se bd Id thdng tin cua cau thiir hai ma dd khdng phai Id Idi ciia hg vd dng cho rdng viec sinh \ icn bd Id thdng tin ciia cdu hdi tiep theo Id mgt "thdm hga" \ i nd se dnh hudng rat nhieu tdi tdm ly Idm bai ciia nhii'ng cau sau Theo dng bai thi nen dugc t h u nghiem trudc (Multiple Choice Questions), dgng diing/sai dua thi chinh thuc de khdc phuc cac loi nhu (True/ (Short vgy Ngi dung cau hdi nen tap trung vao (Note nhii'ng y chi t i l t quan trgng va y chinh cua bai False), Answer), dgng dgng ghi trd chep Idi ngan vdn tat Taking), dgng chep chinh ta (Dictation), d i l n Khi d l cd n h i l u phan thi trudc mdi phan mdi chd trdng (Cloze) Tuy nhien mdi logi deu phai dua ngii' canh giup sinh vien dinh hudng cd nhii'ng uu nhugc diem rieng ciJa nd nen dugc chu de bai nghe tiep theo ([4] trang 97) 90 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG Vj\N TAI So 37 - 03/2012 Trao ddi hpc thugt & Thdng tin Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Sau day la vi dy ciia phan gidi thipu ndy: Task I: Listen to the interview with Dr Perter Davison, a specialist in sports medicine He will give you his views on the advantages and disadvantages of Extreme Sports Then answer the questions Task 2: Mr and Mrs Rollins, a young couple from New York City, are discussing their summer plans Listen to their conversation and then answer the questions Khi phan nghe cd kem cd dgc vd viet thi can phdi dua chi ddn ve thdi gian cho cac phan ndy VI du: You have one minute to read the questions Now start listening Students hear Task recording You have 30 seconds to write your answers Thdi gian ctia bai thi (Timing) Thdi lugng cua bdi thi nghe phy thugc vdo mdt hai yeu td: ddi eiia dogn nghe vd sd lan sinh vien dugc nghe dogn bang dd Hau hit bai thi hien khdng qui dinh vl thdi gian lam bai, bai thi bat ddu gidm thi bat mdy vd kit thiic sinh vien nghe thdy cau ndi: This is the end of the listening lest Hien cdc bai thi nghe tdm cd qudc te nhu TOEFL hay lELTS chi cho phep thi sinh nghe mot Idn nhung bai thi ddnh gia qua trinh hay kit qua hgc eudi khda sinh vien thudng dugc nghe hai Idn Theo Buck (2001) bdi nghe Idy y chinh nen dugc nghe mdt lan, bdi nghe Idy thdng tin chi tilt nen dugc nghe hai Idn "Theo Carroll (1972) bdi nghe khdng nen qud 30 phut" ([2], trang 97) Khi tiln hdnh bdi thi, sinh vien phdi dugc cho thdi gian dpc cau hdi, thdi gian vilt cau trd Idi vdo giay lam bdi Viec thiet kl bdi thi nghe cung can luu y vdn 6k Mot so lu-u y thyc hipn phan bang nghe Dogn bdng nghe phai ddm bdo tinh ty nhien ciia vdn ndi, khdng nen lay mgt doan dugc bien sogn cho myc dich dgc de lam bdi thi nghe vi nhu chiing ta biet, vSn ndi cd cau triic cau don gidn ban, cd mgt so tir phy them nhu um, err ah de the hipn sy nggp ngirng, ludng ly, cd cac cdu dan ddt bao hipu chii dl, chuyen y giai thic them rat ro nhu Today, Tm going lo talk about , My second point is , What I mean lo say is , van ndi cung hay sir dyng cac tir ndi and but hay so thay vi dimg cdc tu although, whereas, tdt ca cac ylu td tao nen tinh khac biet giiJa vdn ndi vd van vilt Trong cdc cudn Testing for Language Teachers, Understanding & Developing Language Tests, A Practical Guide to Assessing English Language Learners, cdc tdc gid da chi ro each Idm bang nghe rdt ti mi, dong thdi nhan mgnh phdi tgo dugc cac ylu td diln hinh ciia van ndi, phdi thu nghiem bdi nghe trudc cho thi dgi trd, phai chinh sira cdc Idi cdn sdt sau cho thi Idn ddu de dugc mdt bai thi hodn chinh Tuy nhien ddi vdi gido vien Viet nam ndi chung vd giao vien bd mdn Anh vdn trudng Giao thdng ndi rieng thi viec sogn &i thi nghe tiing Anh chi chu ylu Id chgn lya vd cdt ghep nhiJng dogn bdng da dugc Idm chudn sSn cho phii hgp vdi muc dich va trinh ciJa sinh vien Tren day Id mdt so ylu to cdn xem xet thilt kl mot bdi thi nghe tiing Anh Tuy nhien de bdi thi dat dg tin cay va gia tri cao thi cdn can phai luu y them khau td chiJrc thi nghiem tiic, chdt lugng may mdc ddm bao va chdm thi cdng bang Tap chi KHOA H O C GIAO T H O N G VAN TAI (Xem liip trang 112) S6 37 - 03/2012 91 Trao ddi hpc thugt & Thdng tin Khoa hpc Cdng ngh^ Thu ndm: Trudc sy syp ciia che dp XHCN d Lien Xd vd cdc nude Ddng Au, nhieu Dd chinh Id qud trinh hipn thyc hod nhiing dgc trung cua xa hgi xa hgi chii nghTa ngudi da dao dpng vd hodi nghi ve sir mpnh Ijch sir ciia giai cdp cdng nhan, NhQ-ng ngudi ca hgi va cdc the lyc chong cpng tdng cudng phe phdn, da kich chii nghTa Mdc - Lenin, phu nhgn su mpnh Ijch su: ciia giai cdp cdng nhan va vai trd Idnh dgo cua Ddng cpng san Mpl so ngudi mien cudng thua nh^n vai trd ciia giai cap cdng nhdn cdch mgng Igt che dp cu nhung Igi phii nhdn ndng lyc ciia giai cap cdng nhdn sy nghipp xay dyng xd hgi mdi Hipn thyc hoa nhiing dac trung cua xa hgi Tfti iifu Iham khdo (I ], Ho Chi Minh todn t^p Tdp 8, tr 226 [2], Ho Chf Minh lodn tap Tdp 10 tr 556 [3) H6 Chi Minh todn tdp Tip 4, u 161 [4] H6 Chi Minh todn tgp, Tdp tr 152 [5] H6 Chi Minh todn tip, Tdp 4, U 161 [6] Le Nin todn t^p, i4p 45 tr 426 [7], VSn ki$n dgi hdi dgi bilu toan qu6c ciia Dang iin thiJ I U MQT SO YEU TO CAN (Tiep theo trang 91) XHCN d nude ta la qua trinh chimg minh su mpnh lich su ciia giai cdp cdng nhan Vipt Nam, khd ndng iSnh dgo ciia Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam khdng chi gianh chinh quyen ma ca qua trinh xay dyng xa hdi mdi Qua dd gdp phan cd vu, dpng vien, thiic day giai cap cdng nhan cac nude khdc dung len thyc hipn su mpnh lich su eiia minh HI KET LUAN De dgt dupe myc tieu chung nhdt md Ddng ta da de klii sy nghipp ddi mdi dupe khdi xudng la ddi mdi khdng phdi thay ddi III KET LUAN Cd the ndi thiet ke mpt bdi thi nghe thyc sy Id mpt qua trinh khd khan vd phuc tgp vi nd lien quan den nhieu ylu td Trong phgm vi bdi bao ndy tdi da trinh bay mpt sd khia cgnh cdn xem xet de cd the dupe mpt de thi nghe tdt Trong nhiing ndm qua cac bg de thi nghe cua bp mdn tieng Anh trudng Dai hpc Giao thdng ciing cd chinh sua nhung chua nhieu vd dgng bai nghe chua phong phii Hy vpng rdng bdi bdo ndy se Id tdi lipu tham khdo giiip vipc dl thi nghe ciia bp mdn dgt chdt lupng cao ban thdi gian tdi myc tieu CNXH ma Id de cd CNXH nhilu han thi qua trinh ddi mdi dat nude phai the hipn Tki lifu tfanm khao bang sy dn djnh va phat trien tren mpi ITnh vyc [1] Arthur Hughes, 1997 Testing for Language Teachers Cambridge University Press, [2] Christine Coombe, Keith Folse, Nancy Hubley, 2007 A practical guide to Assessing English Language Learners The University of Michigan Press [3] Cyrd Weir, 1993 Understanding & Developing Language Tests Prentice Hal! International (UK) [4] Gary Buck, 2001 Assessing Listening Cambridge University Press* ciia ddi sdng xd hpi Dd phdi Id qua trinh timg budc dua nhan dan lao dpng trd ngudi lam chii mpt xa hpi that sy dan chii, het sire nhan dgo, tat cd vi ngudi; timg budc tgo mgt co sd kinh te cd nang sudt lao dpng cao, tir dd ngudi lao dpng cd ddi song vgt chat, van hod, cd ddi sdng van minh, hgnh phiic 112 Tap chi KHOA H Q C GIAO T H O N G VAN TAI S6 37 - 03/2012 ... Cdng nghe canh Cho dii khd nang nghe ciia sinh vien dugc ddnh gia theo phuang thirc nao thi thiet ke mgt bdi thi nghe eiJng cdn phdi xem xet mgt sd yeu td nhat dinh sau Yeu cau Clia bdi thi (Test... bai thi bat ddu gidm thi bat mdy vd kit thiic sinh vien nghe thdy cau ndi: This is the end of the listening lest Hien cdc bai thi nghe tdm cd qudc te nhu TOEFL hay lELTS chi cho phep thi sinh nghe. .. xem xet thilt kl mot bdi thi nghe tiing Anh Tuy nhien de bdi thi dat dg tin cay va gia tri cao thi cdn can phai luu y them khau td chiJrc thi nghiem tiic, chdt lugng may mdc ddm bao va chdm thi