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P I I N P A N O ^ I M d i CAM BAN, TOAN DIEN CIAO DUC XAY DimO M O H I N H DAY VA HOC 7H0NG THS GIOI NOI MANG TOANCAu PGS TS NG(!) TIJ THANH* TS LE THI MINH THANH* Trong tuong lai gan, khi toan bd tho[.]
P I I N P A N O ^ I M d i CAM BAN, TOAN DIEN CIAO DUC XAY DimO M O H I N H DAY VA HOC 7H0NG THS GIOI NOI MANG TOANCAu PGS TS NG(!) TIJ THANH* - TS LE THI MINH THANH* T rong tuong lai gan, toan bd thong tin cua the gidi duoc dua vao nhirng may tinh co kich thude nho, lue ngudi hoc se d i dang tim cau tra Idi nhat ve bat cur van de gi minh quan tdm va nin giao due truyen thd'ng se phai cd budc thay doi ve ehait Cuoc cacti mang se lam thay dot khai ni$m tn/dng hqc va ngudi hoc thay cho nhiirig ngoi trudng ndm tai dja diem cd'djnh vdi thdi gian hpc tap eo djnh la mang hpc tap ao toan cau cd the' hpc bat eiir noi ndo, bd't ki thdi gian nao va dd la hpc tap sudt ddi: hoc desong Trude xu the phat trie'n nhu vu bao cua cdng ngh§ thdng tin, viec day va hoc tren Web se la xu the td't yd'u tren pham vi toan the gidi, dd cd Vi§t Nam Nhdm "di tit don da'u'xu hudng dd'i mdi nay, bai viet tap tmng nghien eijru dua cac co sd khoa hpc cho viec day va hpc dua tren Web va nhOng md hinh giao due mdi phu hgrp vdi sU phat trie'n cua cdng nghe Web Hpi tu cua cac cuoc each mang khoa hpc dd1 vdi giao due Ndm 1988, mpt soi quang cd the truyen nghin thdng diep ciing lue, den nay, vdi 300 nghin trieu dam cap quang cung cdng nghd ket ndi bdng laser va ve tinh cd thd' tmyen hang trieu thdng bao trang mpt giay, hang ti thif dien tu, chuong trinh phat va tmyin hinh, khdi luong Idn nhi?ng chuong trinh giao due Gid day, may tinh ket ndi mang da trd cdng cu hpc tap khdng the'thieu cua ngi/di hpe Sura ddi vi/orid Wide Web vao nhOng nam 1990 da tao kha nang cung cap thdng tin tij'c thdi cung kien thde td'ng hop tn/c tiep tdi nhi?ng cd may tinli ca nhdn (duqc goi la Web 1.0: giai doan thuf nhd't cua cupc each mang Internet toan eau) De'n nay, ph^n lam nen eudc each mang hpc tap cua the ki XXI dang toa sang tren the gidi dudi nhiing bid'u tirong mang tdn: Google, Wikipedia, Skype, iPod, YouTube, Faeebook, Nokia, Yahoo, eBay, Fliekr va Myspace (goi la Web 2.0 si/ ket hpp cua nhiJng cdng nghe khien cho su dd'i thay dupc lan tren quy md toan eau, tiJre thdi, mien phi, mang tinh chat md, ca nhdn, khdng phu thude vao dja did'm, mang tinh tuong tae, dupc dong sang tao vd de dang chia se bdi hang ti ngudi) Web 1.0 dupc vi nhif mpt td bao sd hda toan cau, cd the' xem nhung khdng the' thay dd'i hoac tuong tac vdi thdng tin td bao do; Web 2.0 nhu mdt bdc tranh sdn dau, d dd mdi mang son dau mpt ngirdi dung ddng gdp se tao be mat bifc tranh phong phu hon, de ngudi sir dung tiep theo cd the' thay dd'i (Web 2.0 lien quan chu ye'u tdi viec tham gia hon la tie'p nhdn thdng tin thu dpng) Loai ngudi dang nhanh chdng chuye'n td mang thdng tin toan cau sang xa hpi hpe tap toan cau tiem ndng: Web cua nhiing nguditiqc tap tuong tac, sang tao cong dong Sir dung Web de hinh cong nghe giao due (CNGD) mdi / ; O'ng dung cong nghi truyen thong tuang tac • da phuang tien vao day va hgc tao nen CNGD mai theo huong ca nhan hoa Nhi/ng phat minh dot phd truyen thdng va cdng nghe so dang thach thiic the gidi cai to' lai giao due, hinh CNGD mdi di/a tren qua edng nghe so Md hinh tnrdng hpe dua vao sach giao khoa dang dan dan loi thdi, thay vao dd, khoang 50% chirong trinh tamg hpc se thue hien qua mang tn/c tuyen Viec hpc nhQng kT nang mdi se dupc thiet ke nhiing module deal cung ed the'hpc, hpc tai bait cu dau, liic nao va tat ca cac module se dupc ca nhan hda theo nhirng phong each hpc tap rieng eua mdi ngi/di ' VIei Sir pham ki thuat, TrtfAng Dai hpc Bach khoa, Ha Npi '* Khoa Co ban, Hpc vipn Cong nghp Buu chinh Viei thoag Tap chi Giao due so 302 (ki2-112013) • Khidd, bait eiir ciing deu cd the go tren ban phimviec giiip P&G giai quy^ nhung van de hdc bua cua may tinh cac muc tieu hpc tap euariengminh va lua nghien edu va phat trien chpn tren Web cac giao trinh tuong tac giiip hp thuc Hay Wikipedia la md hinh dong sang tao ke' ti) hien nhirng muc tieu hpc tap Mdi chuydn gia nam 2001, dupc thyc hien bdi su cpng tac dai chung linh vi/e nao ciing deu trd mdt giao vien cua hang nghin chuyen gia cac linh vyc khae hpc toan cau va d l dang k^ ndi vdi biit cu' ngudi hpc tren the' gkiii, vdi hinh thde su dung mien phi nao Nhirng giao vien gioi va chuyen gia da phuong da giiip thay dd'i bp mat cua nen kinh te' the' gidi tien cd till xdy dung cac chuong trinh hpe true tuyen Ngoai ra, bd't cu SV nao tren the gidi deu cd the' si/ dua tren nhQng module phil hpp vdi phong each hpc dung chuong trinh hpc toan eau tn/c tuyen mien phi taped nhan Clia MIT (Dai hpc edng nghe Massachusetts), SV 2) Bie'n tro chai dien tii cong cu hgc cd the' lua chpn ndi dung hpc cua mdt nhQng tap Mat trai cua Web la sinh nhieu trd choi dien tn/dng dai hpc hang dau cua the gkii, nghien ciiu biit tir, la dam me cua gkii tre; neu khdng cd bien phap cdtinh vyc gi Tai cac bdi giang, chia se kinh nghiem, dieu chinh se anh hudng khdng td't den ket qua hpc trd thanh vien cua M IT, tham gia vao qua trinh tdp ciia gidi tre Tuy nhien, chung ta hoan toan cd hpc tap sudt ddi vi myc dich cua nen kinh tetri thde thd'nghien cdu si/dung nhQng trd choi dien ti} toan cau Cac nha khoa hpc cdng khai ngudn duli^u cdng cu hd trp hpc tap va day ciing chinh la mdt va phuong phap nghien cdu cua minh de'tait ca mpi ttiach thuc dd'i vdi viec hpc tap tuong lai ngudi tren the gkiri deu cd co hdi tham gia vao qua Npi dung ciia eac trd choi dien \\! mang tinh giao trinh kham pha Chuong trinh hpc lieu md eua MIT due dupe hoan thien bdi chinh ngudi choi (ngudi la budc di dautienhudng tdi viec lap Sidu Oai hpc) va hanh dpng tuong tac la dieu then chd't Cac hpc toan cau (tai lieu cua 1.800 giao trinh cho 33 ket qua nghien ciiu cho thd'y: noi nao giao vien si} mdn hpc Ii thuyet ciia MIT dang dupc dua len mang dung trd choi dipn tir mang tinh giao due, d dd ket detruy cap mien phi) Vdi viec liinh Tmng tam qua hpc tap thu dupc rat cao, dac biet hpc sinh Hpc tap ao toan cau, mpi ngudi deu cd co hpi tham hpc nhung khai niem khd ciia Toan hpc Vi du, trd gia va dupe thudng xuyen cap nhdt, md rpng hie'u ctioi DimensionM giiip ngudi hpe hie'u tinh thdng biet ciing tait ca mpi ngudi, vdi mpi thdtid'ng; tham dy toan hpc bdng each thue hien cae sd menh, kha vao qua trinh ddng sang tao; phii hpp vdi tdng ca ndng hid'u biet tdng len ro ret; trd chailnnovS giiip nhdn; mang tinh tuong tac, toan cau, tdc thdi dl sinh vien (SV) dai hpc phat trie'n kT nang cdng nghe dang chia se va tait ca moi ngudi Tuy nhien, de' lam thdngtintrong nen kinh te toan cau Hien nay, mpt dupc dieu dd, can tao mpt cdng nghe nen tang sd tn/dng dai hpc hang dau ve khoa hpc cua Hoa (platform) Ki dang thiet ke mau phan mem trd choi diing vao Djnh hirdng nghien cuu irng dung Web day bat ki mdn hpc nao Hipn nay, vide hpc tap tai giao due dai hpc va mo hinh Sieu Dai hpc tn/dng chie'm khdng qua 20% thdi gian eua ngudi toan cau (Globad Meta-University) hpe, phln kim thdi gian edn iai hp sdng 1) Li thuyet ma dong hanh vai thi nghiem the gidi cua iPod, Playsation, YouTube, dien va thirc hanh ma Viec day va hpc Ii thuyet tn/c thoai di dpng va cac trd choi dipn ti} cd nhieu ngudi tuyen dang dupc ap dung khdp the gidi; giai doan cung tham gia tie'p theo la phdng thi nghiem true tuyen (Open 3) Hinh ki nguyen sang tao dai chiing ILap) Ve nguyen tde, cae thi nghipm deu dupc kiem va chia se thong Un Day la khia canh nd'i bat ciia soat bdng may tinh, kiem soat tQ mpl khoang each cupc each mang Web 2.0 Mpt so hoat ddng ddng thdng qua mang Internet Mdt nhQng dy an sang tao (khdng phu thupc dja Ii) noi bat, nhu: Dau dau tien thupc loai la iLap - sang kien hpp tac the kl XXI, mpt so cdng ti tai Hoa Ki tie'n hanh mpi giQa bd phdn nghien cuu eua Microsoft va MIT Dy nghien ciifu npi bd cdng ti, khai thac chat xam an dupc thiet ke eho phep SV van hanh cac tri tue cua cac chuyen giati'dntoan the gidi Mpt nha dung cy thi nghiem tu phdng ngu hoac bd't cQ noi khoa hpc bait cu ITnh vyc nao chi can dang ki nao hp mudn ILap bdt dau vdi nhQng thi nghiem vdi mgng InnoCentive, a dd cd 125.000 nha khoa vi dien tu va md rdng sang day eae thi nghiem vl hpc khae tai 175 quoc gia da kiemtienbdng eac Id phan ung hda hpc, ket ca'u eo hpc, cdng ngh$ Tap chi Giao due so 302 (ki2-112013) quang dipn sau dd se cho phep tmy cap md va mien phi cac phdng thi nghiem tn/c tuyen tren khdp the gidi Bay sola phdng figc cua tuang lai, co the phuc vu cho hang tri^u ngudi thay vi20 hoac 30 Cdng vipe neu dupc ket hpp vdi tmy cap Internet tde dp cao, gia re va rpng rai - se chinh la qua trinh toan cau hda cac co sd giao dye dai hpc, thu hpp khoang each sd giQa nhirng nudc giau va nudc ngheo 2) Xay dung nguyen tac, dinh huong nghien ciht Con ngudi van la ye'u td quye't djnh; hang trieu SV tre tud'i, uu tu se la ngudi sang tao nhQng cdng cy tuong tdc hihi ich nha't de' lam thay dd'i giao dye Td't ca eae phan mem gido due deu phai dupc sang tgo bdi mdt Iri tue the gidf cua nhung SV vd ngudi ham hpc - Phan mem giao due khdng thupc ve bd't cu ai, chung phai dupe cung cap mien phi cho mpi ngudi, tai bat cQ noi nao Phan mem va each td' ehiife deu phai la kie'u Wiki (gidng nhu Wikipedia) de' bat cQ cung de dang ddng gdp va sang tao them, lam eho cupc each mang Web 2.0 trd nen de hie'u vdi td't ca mpi ngudi Xdy dung nhung edng nghe nen tang (platfonn) va nhQng cdng cy mlu (template) de'tat ea mpi ngudi eilng bd' sung eac module hpc tap d l sQdyng danh cho mpi ngudi - Cac tn/dng dai hgc se tu chgn chii de va trinh dophuhop Mdi tmdng lua chpn mpt chii d l cy the', trdthanh 'if/anfli/7/7a''vdi tat ca nhung phln mem giao dye ed lien quan de'n linh vyc dd Ciing dd, ludn ludn ket hpp, bo sung va chia se cho phln mem eua td't ea cac dja ehi deu ludn mdi nhd't de' phyc vu hQu ich eho vide day va hpc *** TQ nhQng spi quang va sdng vd tuyen, loai ngudi da ket ndi tdt ea mpi tien trinh, su kien vao cac mang Web khd'ng \6 Web gid ddy da trd cdng ey lien ket tat ca ddng gdp nhd be eua hang trieu ngudi va lam cho chiing cang thdng minh hon Tu dd, djnh hudng nghien cQu CNGD phu hpp vdi sy phat trie'n cdng nghp tmyen thdng tuong tde Ban chat cdng nghe Web giao dye da lam thay dd'i mpt loat tu tudng ve triet Ii giao dye: Hpc khdng phai la tie'p thu kien thde ma la tim tdi, kham pha, ket hpp nhQng quan niem giao dye vdi nhung cdng nghe thdng tin tuong tac; day va hpc se khdng bd hpp thdi han matie'ntdi hpe tap sud't ddi; ngoai ra, Web lao kha nang "ai cung duac hgc hanh" Tuy nhien, kha nang irng dyng Web giao due la co hpi nhung cung la thdeh thirc \dr\ vdi mpi qudc gia Viet Nam mudn "sanh vai cac cudng quoc nam chau", khdng ttie dung ngoai eude ti^ong ITnh vyc Tai lieu tham khao Pham Anh Tuin Cach mang hpc tSp NXB Tri thuc, H 2009 D6 Trung Tuin " T chuc d^y hpc da phuomg ti?n" Tap chi Khoa hoc cdng nghS - Dai hoc qu6c gia Ha N^i 2009 Tl D6 Tie'n Sy "Tri^t If giSo dye va day hpc tich cue" Bao Gido due & ihM dai 1/2011 Lawrence Lai Shih Machine Learning on Web Documents Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2004 SUMMARY Along with the developing ofinternet communicaUon, e-teachingand e-leamngwill become an essential trend in the whole world including in Vietnam Therefore, this article focuses on the content about the scenti/ic base of e-teaching and e-leaming and new pattern of educaUon fitUng the developing of internet THE LE UIET UA GUfl BAI NOi dung bdi viet thuOccdclTnh vuc: - Quan Ii giao due; - Jam Ii hpc - sinh Ii hpc IHa tud'i; -Li ludn giao due; -Lilu^ndayhpc; -Giao due nudc ngoai; v.v Bdi viet: - Mdi bai vidt khdng qu^ trang, khd' A4; phdng chi? Tunes New Roman (Unicode), cd chir 14 - Tdn bai bao va tdm tat ndi dung bai bao trinh bay bang thi}tieng:tidngVidt va Udng Anh - Tac gia giii ban in bai vidt va f^p tin bai vidt dd'n Toa soan (theo dia chi Ban bidn tap ghi trdn bang muc luc cua Tap ehi) - Chii thich bai d^nh sd theo thi} tu xud't hidn -Tai lidu tham khao va ehu thich ghi d cud'i bai (fii'nhtar.tdn tac gia - tdn sdch/bcii bao/van ban phdp quy - nha xud't bin - noi vd ndm xud't ban) - Tod soan khdng tra lal bdi vidt ndu khdng dugc dang Odtidnlidn hd, tde gia cin ghi rd dja ehi cdng lac, sd' didn thoai, email vao cud'i bdi TAP CHi GIAO DUC Tap chi Giao due so 302 (ki2-1/2013) • ... hpc phat trie''n kT nang cdng nghe dang chia se va tait ca moi ngudi Tuy nhien, de'' lam thdngtintrong nen kinh te toan cau Hien nay, mpt dupc dieu dd, can tao mpt cdng nghe nen tang sd tn/dng