ca NGHIEN CUU CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG GIAO DUC HUQlNG NGHIEP CHO HOC SINH PRO THONG TS PHAM VAN SON Bo Gilo due va Bio tao B4 nang eao chat lupng gilo due hudng nghidp (GDHN) eho hpe sinh (HS),[.]
ca NGHIEN CUU CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG GIAO DUC HUQlNG NGHIEP CHO HOC SINH PRO THONG TS PHAM VAN SON Bo Gilo due va Bio tao B4 nang eao chat lupng gilo due hudng nghidp (GDHN) eho hpe sinh (HS), vide I p dung d e phuong phap day hpe l i rlt can thilt Trong khudn khd bai v i l t niy, ehdng tdi xin gidi thieu mpt sd phuong phip day hpc phit huy tfnh tteh cue thudng dupe dimg hoat dpng GDHN d d c nhi trudng phd thdng, d c trung tam kT thuat tdng hpp- hudng nghidp hidn Phtftfng phap day hpc theo dtf an 7.2 Dgy hgc theo di/in, gpi t i t l i day hpe du I n (DHDA) dupe hilu nhU mdt phuong phip hay mdt hinh thde day hpe, dd ngudi hpc thifc hidn mdt nhidm vu hpe tap phde hpp, ed sd kit hpp gida li thuylt v i thifc tiln, thifc hinh vdi ttnh tif life eao td vide xlc djnh mue dieh, lap k l hoaeh, thife hidn du In, kiem tra, dilu chinh v i danh gia, Trong hoat dpng GDHN, dif an thudng ddpc thife hidn 11 loai du I n tim hilu thdng tin nghi v l CO sd dio tao can thiet cho HS Mdi dU an niy ddpc thifc hidn mdt thing (DA thing), Phuong phip (PP) DHDA dupe thUe hien theo nhdng bUdc sau: Chpn d l t i i v l xlc djnh mue dieh cda dif I n Xiy difng d l cUong v l ke hoaeh thife hidn Thue hidn du I n Thu thap kit q u i v i cdng bd sin pham qua bao, dai phat v i truyen hinh, ele tap chi ehuydn nginh hole ed t h i soan mdt bang eau hoi (dudi Slf hudng dan eda gilo vien) d l tim lay thong tin Nhdng thdng tin cua HS ed t h i khdng day dii, thilu d n cd khoa hpc, O l nhdng thdng tin dupc hoin thidn, gilo vidn phli bd sung theo clu true bin md t l nghi day hpe CIc hoat ddng cua PP ddi hdi cao v l nang luc td chde, t h i hidn qua vide lap k l hoaeh v i td chdc dilu tra, ning xd If thdng tin thu thap dupe, PP DHDA thudng dupe t i l n hinh theo nhdm d l HS hd trp hpc tap, Trong q u i trinh dilu tra, mdi thinh vidn nhdm cd t h i dupe giao nhidm vu cung d p thdng tin eiia mdt phan chii d l dang nghidn cdu Cdng vide dieu tra dupe tiln hinh theo cac budc sau: Budc 1: Chpn d l t i i v i xle djnh mue dfch du In Trong giai doan niy, gilo vidn phli hUdng din HS: Chpn 64 t i i : dilu tra nghi gi? hole trddng nio? Xac dinh mue dieh dilu tra: -I- Dilu tra cli gi? -i-Tim nhdng thdng tin gi? Budc 2: Xay difng de cUOng v i k l hoach thdc Bing Uu diem vd nhuge diem eda phuang phdp dgy hgc dudn iTu diem Nhtftfcdiem - PPDHDA ddi hdi nhieu thdi gian, dilu kien - Kich thfch dupe ddng co, hdng thii hpe tap eda HS thue hidn v i ning life td ehde eiia gilo vidn - Phit huy tinh tu life, tinh thin trich nhiem cda hpc sinh - Phit triln ning life gill quyet nhdng vin de phde hpp, nang life cdng tic l i m vide Dinh g i l kit q u i VIn dung PP DHDA vao viec tim hieu thdng tin n g h i nghiep v l ctf sd dao tao Gilo viln ydu eau HS khio sit, dilu tra de tim hilu thdng tin eua nghi day hpc Be llm dupc vide niy, HS phli tim hilu, nghidn ciiru thu thap thdng tin ' K H O A HQC OAO DVC hidn Gilo vidn hUdng dan HS: Xay dung dieuong: + Ndi dung dilu tra: Thdng tin gl? •1- Ngudn thdng tin:Tim thdng tin d diu? Hdi ai? -Ke hoach thuc hidn: NGHIEN CUU c a + Td chde dilu tra phli xem xdt nhdng Uu va nhupe dilm eua nhdm -I- Khi nio hoin thinh? ddng HS v i nhdm ft hpe sinh Btfdic3:ThUchidndUln - Ddc diim ddi vdi nhdm ddng HS: Su'd'c4:Cdng bd sin phlm ciia nhdm + Do ed nhieu y kiln kham phi, HS se tutin vio Hpe sinh cdng bd, gidi thidu nhdng thdng tin nhdng y do, m i nhdm da thu thap 6ugc bing nhdng eleh thde + Cd nhieu kinh nghidm ridng 64 giii quyet vin ridng eiia nhdm d l gilo vidn ydu elu StfiycS.-Olnhgil -I- Giao vien tdn it thdi gian de dilu khiln rieng Day eung la bude giao vidn gidp HS: Phin d e nhdm, tich, chpn Ipc nhdng thdng tin can thilt; Cd t h i nit -I- Thdi gian 64 el nhdm di d i n quylt dmh k i t luin gi td thdng tin da thu thap dupe chung thddng kdo dai v i d l dan tdi cd y kiln ngupe Gilo vidn hoan thidn thdng tin, k i t luan vdi y kiln eiia giao vien, Riit kinh nghidm •*• Cd nhieu HS"ln theo", Trong q u i trinh thife hidn PPDHDA gilo vidn - Dde diim ddi vdi nhdm it hgc sinh: luu y: Chi ndn sd dung phuong phip niy ddi vdi + Cd ft HS "In theo" ndn hpe sinh phli hoat nhdng v i n 64 khdng q u i phde tap, vl du nhu tim dpng nhieu hon, hilu thdng tin nghi nghidp Gilo vidn ed t h i hudng -I- Quylt djnh ciia nhdm cing nhanh, din HS dilu tra bing nhdng elu hdi gpi •jr Nhu vay, thupc vio loai hoat dpng m i GV Phtftfng p h i p day hoc theo nhdm nhd t i l n hinh ehia nhdm ft hple ddng HS Kinh nghidm Hpe theo nhdm nhd l i mot nhdng thUe t i l n cho thly GDHN nhdm -5 HS hoat phuong phip hpe tap ed hidu q u i hoat ddng dpng cd hidu q u i nhat GDHN cho HS phd thdng - Cdchxip nhdm:Cd t h i x i p nhdm theo mot sd 2.1 NhOfng UU diim cda day hoc theo nhdm d e h sau: nhd + Xip nhdm ngau nhidn - Hpc theo nhdm l i co hdi cho mpi HS tham gia -I- Xip theo nhdm "ban than": Khi giao vidn dda hoat dpng hpe tap tao sd hip dan v i cudn hut mpi ydu eau niy, HS se nhanh ehdng tim nhdm thinh vidn l l m vide, ridng ciia minh Nhung d e h xep nhdm niy sd dan - Cd t h i huy ddng dUgc nhilu kinh nghidm, tdi mdt sd han ehl 11 sd Idpng HS mdt nhdm ning v l kiln thde cCia ele thinh vidn Idp, sd khdng dung vdi dudinh cda gilo vien; d e nhdm Khi hpc theo nhdm, HS cd t h i ciing dat dupc sd toin nam hole toin nd; t i n g thdm hidn tdpng Idi nhCrng dilu m l d c em khdng l i m dupc mdt minh, kdo ban thin vio nhdm, td ehdi ban khdng than.,,, bing d e h mdi ngUdi ddng gdp mdt phin hilu bilt Gilo vien can than trpng sddung phuong phip cua minh rdi c l nhdm tap hpp lai thinh "bdc tranh niy tdng t h l " v l thdng tin nghi lioac quylt djnh chpn + Xip nhdm theo ehd f Gilo vien cd t h i xip nghi nhdm theo chd y nhuyeu tdkinh nghiim, hgc luc, gidi - Hpe theo nhdm cung la eo hdi cho HS hpc hdi tinh Cich xep nhdm niy rlt ed hidu q u i vide lln nhau, hd trp v l nhdng kinh nghidm, eleh td ehde hoat ddng, HS ed dilu kien hpc hdi lan nhau, tim kilm gill phip giii quylt nhdng tinh hudng hpe hd trp hpc tap t i p hoat ddng GDHN, + Xip nhdm theo vj trt ngdi gan nhau: Cleh niy 2ut NhCfng khd khan cua dgy hgc theo nhdm thudng dupe gilo vidn ap dung vl don giln, m i t it • Nlu gilo vidn khdng dilu hinli tdt, thio luan thdi gian nhdm ed t i i i biln thinh mdt eude tranh cli vd bd, 2.3.2.Diiu khiin hogt ddng nhdm De dieu hinh dat kit qui, gilo vidn hddng - Mdt sd HS cd t h i l l n at t h i o luan - Thudng m i t nhilu thdi gian va bd qua nhiimg nghidp ein thife hidn nhiimg vide sau: vin d l khd giii quylt -I- Ndu mue tidu thio luan rd rang, -I- Cd trudng nhdm v i thu ki, Nhdm tn/dng dilu - Odi hdi gilo vidn phli ed ki nang d i l u phdi tdt 2.3 Mdt s6 ki thuit cia phuang phip dgy hgc hinh hoat ddng nhdm, thu kf ghi nhdng y kiln eda thinh vidn nhdm, theo nhim nhd 2.3.1.Xip nhdm -I- Giao nhidm vu chi t i l t cho tdng nhdm, giii Trong hoat ddng GDHN v i n d l xip bao nhieu thfch ylu clu rd ring, ed t h i ghi ten bing hole dung HS vio mdt nhdm II vda eung l i mdt elu hdi eho phieu hpe tap, gilo vidn dilu hanh 04 t r l Idi dupe elu hdi niy, GV + Quy djnh thdi gian cho tdng nhidm vu Sii 78-THANG 3/2012 •33 ca NGHIEN CUU + Thddng xuydn kilm tra hoat ddng eua tdng nhdm v l kjp thdi dilu chinh, hudng dan cdng vide + Dai didn d e nhdm trinh biy kit q u i trde Idp theo nhilu d e h khie nhau: bang bang, gily hole vilt Idn gily khd Idn (ddng vidn hpc sinh, giao vidn ndn khen ngpi hpc sinh kjp thdi) -I- Gllo vidn tdm tat y chtnh, bd sung v i hoin thidn kit qui Phtftfng phap t h i o luan ldp ve npi dung htfdng nghiep 1- Phuang phip thio luin Idp ddi hdi tinh tteh cue eao d mdi HS, ddi hdi gilo vidn phli thinh thao v l ki ning dilu hinh nhlm khuyin khfeh HS trao ddi, ehia sd kinh nghidm v i bilt d e h lim vide vdi ngudi khic Trong nhdng Idp ddng HS, giao vidn thudng ed xu hudng sd dung phuong phip thuyet trinh vi khd khin vide td chdc thio luan NhUng thde t l eho thly phuong phip thio luan ed t h i I p dung cho b i t ki Idp hpe nio Trong q u i trinh td ehde GDHN eho HS, phuong phip thio luan ed nhdng thuan Ipi nhd: Giiip hpc sinh nhan thdc slu sle v i xd If thdng tin nhanh nhdng ehii d l cd ndi dung tim hilu mpt nghi cu t h i , HS hilu dupe quan dilm eua ban khic; HS phin tfch, dinh g i l dupe nhilu tinh hudng hpe tap gilo vidn dUa ra; hpe HS d c h lap luan, If giii dupe vin d4 ehpn nghi, 2- Cic budc tiin hanh: Budc 1- chudn br xlc djnh chii d4 budi thio luan, du kiln thdi gian v i d e bUde tien hinh Chuan bj d e elu hdi ndu v i n de cho budi thio luan CIc eude thio luan v l ehii d4 hUdng nghidp ndi ehung d i u cd muc tidu rd ring Vide thilt k l trinh t i ; d c clu hdi d i u phli cin cd vao d c mue tieu cda chu d l Nhu vay, nlu budi thio luan khdng dupe chuan bj chu dio thi de dan tdi sa d l vao nhdng ndi dung khdng bin chat, gay lang pht thdi gian v i nhim chin Kl hoaeh budi thio luan ein dupe vilt trUde v i ngUdi dan chuong trinh phli nim chle d l cUong t h i o luan q u i trinh lim vide Vide soan nhdng clu hdi eho budi thio luan cung rlt quan trpng Nhdng 'elu hdi ddng", tde l i chi t r l Idi'ed/khdng'sd l i m eho budi thio luan budn te v l rlt d l di d i n tinh trang thd o cua nhieu HS Ndn chuln bj nhCmg "clu hdi md", nhdng clu hdi niy cd CO hpi phat triln budi thao luan va ed nang Idi cudn nhilu HS tham gia - Budc 2-khdi ddng: 0\4\i hinh budi thio luan O l d i l u khien m d t budi t h i o luan, g i l o vien p h l i chu y tdi vide bd trt ehd ngdi: Tat c l HS t h a m gia t h i o luan d i u cd t h i nhin t h l y mat Ngdi theo hinh trdn h o l e ehd U la thfch hpp n h l t D l cho m p i HS ed the manh dan tham gia t h i o luan thi budc khdi d p n g la vd cdng quan trpng, N l u GV khdi d p n g t d t t h i HS sd h i t rut re, ed t i m the tham gia t h i o luan tieh cue, O l ed t h i iam tdt dieu niy, g i l o vidn sd d u n g m p t sd trd ehoi cd lidn quan tdi chu de t h i o luan sau da t i l n h i n h d c thii tue e i n t h i l t Sau p h i n khdi dpng, ngudi dan chuong trinh sd d l t e l u hdi Cae e l u hdi nen theo mdt trinh t u n h l t djnh va ndn nhanh chdng Idi cudn e l ldp vao vide t h i o luan, d n h d n g ldp q u i d d n g se de x i y tinh trang m d t sd HS ndi h i t p h i n cua ngudi khae, nhdng trudng hpp n i y , giao vidn ehia ldp t h i n h nhijmg n h d m k h o i n g t d - HS, -I- Moi n h d m c d n h d m trudng v i t h d kf, -I- Neu rd mue tieu va chu d l t h i o luan d nhdm, -I- T l l n hanh d c bude theo chii d l da soan, - Budc 3- tong kit: G i l o vidn danh g i l d e g i l l phap k h i c v i dUa k i t luan, Sau thio luan, d e nhdm trinh biy kit qui eiia mlnh trdn td gily khd to Gilo vidn eho HS dan d c td giay Idn tUdng CIc nhdm xem kit q u i eiia va cung giao vidn dinh g i l d c gill phip rdi rdt kit luan Gilo vidn can lUu y phUOng p h i p niy cht cd t h i thinh edng khi: Muc tidu t h i o luan dupe trinh biy rd ring eho mpi t h i n h vidn Idp; ki thuat dilu phdi tdt nhlm huy ddng d e thinh vidn tham gia tieh ede v i o eude t h i o luan; trinh biln cudc t h i o luan t h i n h tranh luan Can phan biet gida t h i o luan v i tranh luan Tranh luan phli di din thdng nhat nhan thdc, thdng nhlt quan dilm, eon t h i o luan l i d l mpi ngUdl eiing tim kilm, xle djnh g i i i phap de di den k i t luan chung Muc dfch cua t h i o luan l i di eho mpi thinh vidn tu minh suy d o i n va thay ddi quan diem v l mdt vin de nio dd ehpn nghe Phtftfng phap td chtfc tro chdi theo chii d l htfdng nghiep 1- Day la mpt phdong phip ed hidu q u i d l thu hut Slf tham gia eda HS nham giiip HS hdng thO, giim bdt met mdi qua trinh hpe tap, Hoat dpng GDHN nhilu dUpc t h i hidn nhU mdt san ehoi bd tch cho HS, qua dd d e em vda dupe hpc vda duac tham gia nhdng trd choi hip dan 2- CIc budc tien hanh: Phd bien luat ehoi D i m bio HS nam dupe quy tie ehoi Gilo vidn rut k i t l u i n eho HS qua trd ehoi Khi sd dung phdong phap niy GV Idu y: Trd choi phai d l to chdc v l d l thdc hidn; ed t h i sd dung (Xem tiep trang 51) 34 •KHOA HQC GlAO DVC THUC TIEN GIAO DUC quan hd qudc t l 64 tao dilu kidn thuan Ipi cho vide giao luu, hpe hdi kinh nghidm ele nUde dl trUde, tan dung d c ngudn lue qudc t l nhu sd dung vdn ODA, ele du I n dau tu tang eudng co sd vat chit, trang thilt bj eho ele eo sd dao tao, thifc hidn d e chuong trinh trao ddi gilng vidn d l nang eao ning life giang day cho gilo vidn, xiy difng v i phat triln chuong trinh theo hudng tidn t i l n dao tao nhin life Xiy dung td chdc bp may v i eon ngudi ehuydn trich eho hoat dpng hop t i e qudc t l phu hpp d elp ttnh v i eae co sd dao tao - Ning cao trinh dp ngoai ngd, tin hpe eho dpi ngu l i m edng tie hpp tie qude t l - Phdi hpp d c sd ban nganh vide dilu phdi sd dung, khai thac ed k i t q u i d c du I n hpp tie qude t l trdn dja ban - Ting eudng quan hd vdi ele eo sd d i o tao nude ngoii, d c td ehde phi chfnh phd, chfnh phii 64 khai thic d c du I n hpp t i e hai bdn eung ed Ipi Ket l u i n O l hoat (Jong d i o tao nghi eho lao ddng ndng thdn trdn dia bin ttnh BinhThuIn dat hidu q u i eao nhlt ein t i l n hinh ddng bd nhilu g i i i phip, ein cd Slf phdi hop ddng bd gida d e elp ele nganh, d e td ehde chtnli trj x l hdi.,,trong dd d c co sd d i o tao ^ nghi can thiet phai dupe quy hoach mdt cleh phii hpp, vide td chdc tuydn tmyln, tu van hpc nghi v i vide lam ddi vdi lao dpng ndng thdn can thuc hidn cd ke hoaeh, xay dung chuong trinh dao tao phu hpp vdi nhu cau lao dpng ndng thdn v i dap dng ydu elu eOa n h i tuyen dung, tdng budc nang eao ning life gilng day eiia dpi ngu giao vidn, dau tu ddng bp trang t h i l t bj gilng day va t i n g cddng hpp t i c qude t l v l dao tao lao ddng cho ndng thdn TAI Lieu THAM KHAO 1, Oe an "Ddo tgo nghi cho lao dgng ndngthdn tinh Binh thudn din ndm 2020f, Oy ban nhin d i n tinh Binh Thuan, thing 1/2011, 2, Hpi t h i o "Cung Ung ngudn nhdn lue thu hut ddu tuvdo cdc khu cdng nghiip Binh thudn, Uy ban nhin d i n ttnh Binh Thuan, thing 6/2011 SUMMARY The author presents some basic issues in vocational training for rural labour in Binh Thuan, including: 1/ vocational training activities for rural labor in Binh Thuan; 2/ Foreeats for vocational training to 2020; 3/some orientations for vocational training activities for rural labor in Binh Thuan iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiniiiiMiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC (Tiep theo trang 34) phuong phip niy d l khdi ddng, l l m thugiln dau de eOa hpe sinh gidi thidu chd d l mdi Ngoii d c phuong phip trdn, GDHN eung sd dyng phuong phip ddng vai (dien kich), md phdng Dly l i phdong phap eo bin d l rdn luydn ki ning giao t i l p cho hpe sinh Ddng vai l i eo hpi de hpe sinh thife hinh mdt sd nhidm vu hay eleh dng xd nio dd mdt mdi trudng mau tmdc d c tinh hudng thde xiy Qua ddng vai hpe sinh bilt xd II thdng tin, dng dung nhdng Id thuylt da hpc vio thuc t l sinh ddng v l da dang, Klii sd dung phuong phip niy GV luu y: Odng vai tao dilu kidn cho hpc sinh thife hinh ki ning quylt djnh ehpn hudng di eda minh Giup eho hpe sinh thife hinh ki ning giao tilp, Cd t h i I p dung phuong phip niy d l tao tinh hudng tn/dc thio luan mdt chu d l nio dd Odng vai se kfch thfch hpc sinh t h i o luan sdi ndi ve ehu d l dupe ndu TAI Lieu THAM KHAO 1, Ludt Gido due ndm 2005, NXB Chtnh trj Qude gia, Ha Ndi, 2006, 2, Bd GD&DT Chl thj sd 33/2003/ CT-BGD&DT ngdy 23.7.2003 eua Bg trUdng Bd GD&DT vi tdng cUdng gido due hudng nghiip cho HS thdng, H i Ndi, 2003, 3, Pham Van Son (ehu bidn), Gido due hudng nghiip vd tich hgp GDHN qua mdn hgc- Tii lieu tap huln hidu trddng d c trUdng THCS, Ha Ndi, 2010, 4, Tran Mai Thu, Nghiin cifu di xudt ngi dung bdi dudng GV hudng nghiip d ede tn/dng THCS, Bao d o tdng kit de tai KHCN elp Bp, m l sd B2006-68-11, H i Ndi, 2009 SUMMARY The author proposed active teaching methods often used in career orientation programs at schools, technical-career centers Stf78-IHANG3/2812^S1 ... vio thuc t l sinh ddng v l da dang, Klii sd dung phuong phip niy GV luu y: Odng vai tao dilu kidn cho hpc sinh thife hinh ki ning quylt djnh ehpn hudng di eda minh Giup eho hpe sinh thife hinh... hpe sinh gidi thidu chd d l mdi Ngoii d c phuong phip trdn, GDHN eung sd dyng phuong phip ddng vai (dien kich), md phdng Dly l i phdong phap eo bin d l rdn luydn ki ning giao t i l p cho hpe sinh. .. nhieu HS"ln theo", Trong q u i trinh thife hidn PPDHDA gilo vidn - Dde diim ddi vdi nhdm it hgc sinh: luu y: Chi ndn sd dung phuong phip niy ddi vdi + Cd ft HS "In theo" ndn hpe sinh phli hoat nhdng