NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG NGHIEN Clilb DAC DIEM HINH THAI CO Stf PHJiN THAN CK TH^ NAM HOC SINH TRlTfllNG T i f U HOC TAY S O N VA MAI D O N G HA NOI Nghien cim thudng tien hdnh do dgc cdc kich thudc nhdn[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG NGHIEN Clilb DAC DIEM HINH THAI CO Stf PHJiN THAN CK TH^ NAM HOC SINH TRlTfllNG TifU HOC T A Y S O N VA MAI D O N G - HA NOI La Th( Ngpc Anh, Tru&ng DHBK Hd Ngi Phgm Thi Hoa Hftng Tirol, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Sao N ghien cim thudng tien hdnh dgc cdc kich thudc nhdn trdc nhu kich thudc tTnh vd kich thudc dgng Kit qud nghien ciiu d$c dilm hinhfridisd gitip cho cdc nha thilt kl cfi cdi nhin todn di^n han vl d$c dilm ca thl ngudi cua tiing lira tuoi Tir dd se cd nhQng tinh todn thilt kl hgp ly cho cdc ddng sdn phdm phyc vy nhu cdu ciia ngudi d cdc dp tuoi khdc d^c biet la ddi tugng fre em Xudt phdt tir cdc ly tren, chiing toi da thye hiln de tdi "Nghien cuu dgc diem hinh thdi phdn thdn ca the nam hgc sinh hai tru&ng tieu hgc Tdy San vd Mai Dgng - Hd NSr nhdm gdp phan danh gia sy phat trien ddc diem hinh thdi ca the eiia fre cung nhu cung cap cac sd lieu ye hinh thai ca the hgc sinh tieu hpe phyc vy cho thidt ke ddng phyc hgc sinh vd trang thiet bj trudng bgc Nghien ciiu dugc tien hanh fren 427 em nam hgc sinh tieu hgc (NHSTH) cua hai frudng TH Mai Dgng qugn Hodng Mai va TH Tay Son qugn Hai Bd Trung dugc lua chgn lam mdu khao sat nhan trdc ctia de tai Liia tudi HSTH dugc xdc djnh tir din 11 tiifii Thdi gian Id thdng ndm 2011 Chiing tfli sir dyng phugng phdp nghien ciiu mfl ta cdt ngang vd theo phuang phdp truyen thflng cdc kich thudc nhan trdc Cac mflc Ngay nhdn bdi 24/10/2012, Ngdy duy?l ddi 24 dugc xdc djnh bdi cdc moc gidi phdu xucmg, ca tuang img Phuang phdp dgc theo dung tidu chudn TCVN 5781:1994 vd xir ly so li$u bang phuang phdp thong ke sinh hgc Nghidn ciiu m0t so kfch thudc nhdn trdc dugc thye hipn tuan ty theo cdc budc: mgt Id chpn doi tugng nghien cim vd dja bdn nghien cim diln hinh hai Id xay dyng ehugng trinh do, ba Id tidn hanh do, bon /d xii ly kit qua va ndm /a phan tich ddnh gia ve ddc dilm hirdi thdi va sy phdt trien cdc phdn ca the cua trd Cdc kich thudc nhan trdc dugc xdc djnh theo TCVN 5781:1994 Kit qud nghidn curu ciia cdc kich thudc nhan trdc ciia phan thdn ca thl HSNTH dupc trinh bdy d bdng 1 D2c dilm chilu cao ctf the vd c3n n$ng Chieu cao ca the vd cdn n^ng Id hai tidu chi duyc cac nhd nghien ciiu ve the lyc ya hinh thai quan tam nhieu nhd^ vi nd phdn anh khd rd rdng ve tam vdc ciia ngudi d mpi Ilia tuoi vd gidi tinh 10 11 Chilu cao CO the [Cct (cm)] 118,05 124,03 129,63 134^0 139,00 Cann$ng[Cn{kg)] 23,57 26,34 28,95 32,36 35,65 Rpng vai [Rv(cm)] 29,12 29,97 31,32 32,21 33J8 Xuoivai [Xv (cm)] 3,04 3,35 3,47 3,50 3,53 Dai vai [Dv (cm)] 9,07 9,60 9,87 10,41 10,76 Vong ng\rc [Vn (cm)] 59,36 63,07 63,85 66,46 67,79 Rpng ng\rc ngang nach [Rngn (cm)] 18,14 19,40 19,86 20,67 21,32 Ddy limg [Dl (cm)] 14,85 15,13 15,67 16,67 16,85 Rgng limg ngang nach [Rin (era) 19,08 20,03 20,85 21,57 22,44 Vong byng [ Vb (cm)] 54,82 58,31 59,25 61,48 63,16 Rgng ngang eo [Re (cm)] 16,70 18,00 19,01 19,45 20,38 Day eo [ De (cm)] 13,94 14,55 15,37 15,87 15,89 Vong mong [ Rm (cm)] 64,03 68,55 70,30 73,43 76,31 Rpng ngang hong [ Rnh (cm)] 21,20 22,19 23,53 24,31 24,89 Day mong [Dm (cm)] 14,64 15,72 16,54 17,38 18,22; Kich thufic ^^^~~~-~-— _ Bang Kich thuac nhdn trdc trung binh cua HSNTH 25/11/2012 • TAP CHI TtilETBI GIAO DUC-5088-12/2012 , NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Theo nhu kdt qua nghien ciiu d bang chimg toi thdy rdng chieu cao ca thl va cdn nang cua fre em trai liia tufli HSTH tang dan theo nam nhinig toe dp tang khong diu Chieu cao cd xu hudng tdng nhanh tir din tufli (tir 5,6 -^ 5,98cm/ nam) va tang chgm horn tir din 11 tufli (tir 4,57 ^ 4,98cm/ nam) Ngugc lai, can nang tang cham tir den tufli (tir 2,61 - 2,77kg/ nam) va tang nhanh tir den 11 tufli (tir 3,29 - 3,41kg/ ndm) Sy khac ve phdt trien chieu cao va can ngng d fre cho thdy quy luat phat trien ciia tre tuoi thieu nien frai qua hai thdi ky: tii den tuoi Id thdi ky phdt trienvd chieu cao, tii den 11 tufli Id thdi phdt trien ve chieu day Sy phat triln cd the dugc ly gidi nhu sau: - Tir ddn tufli fre chuyen tii tufli mau gido sang di hoc Cdc sitih hogt ciia fre cd nhieu thay doi idiu khong gian hogt dong, che cham sdc an uong, hgc tap Liic fre tham gia nhieu boat dgng ban ve the luc, dieu lam cho tre phdt trien chieu cao nhanh hon Mat khac su cham sdc tre ve dmh duong khong dugc thudng xuyen nhu tre d mau giao ciing la mot nguyen nhan lam cho fre d thdi ky tang can it ban - Con tir den 11 tuoi fre da thich nghi vdi moi trudng hgc tap, vi vdy viec hgc tap it dnh hudng den dinh du&ng cua fre ban, do fre tang cdn nhieu han giai dogn trudc O tufli nay, fre bat dau thich c^c trd chai tri tue hom, gidm d ^ cac hogt dgng nfl dua, chgy nhay Do chidu cao ciia fre cd xu hudng tdng cham hom giai doan trudc De so sanh tam vdc cua trd vdi cdc cdng frinh nghidn cuu tiTjdc day, chiing tfli dd tfnh chi sfl BMI = Cdn ndng (kg)/ [chilu cao co thl(m)]^ Kit qua tfnh toan chi sfl BMI cho thdy tinh trgng dinh dudng ciia trd d miic binh thudng theo thang phan logi BMI ciia chdu A So sdnh kit qud thu dugc nghidn ciiu vdi ket qua nghidn ciiu ciia L6 Vdn Tiing cd thl thdy chilu cao can Chieu cao ca M (cm) Tuii 10 11 Nim 2004 Nim 2011 115,43 ±5,74 120,76 ±5,97 125,02 ±6,36 129,37 ±6,49 133,90 ±6,70 1I8,1±4,59 124,0 ±4,62 129,6 ±4,28 134,2 ±4,81 139,0 ±4,40 III phdt frien cua ca thang va mfit so co phdn vai Kich thudc Rv cua frd em trai lira tu6i HSTH phdt triln chgm, trung binh tdng tir 0,86 -i- 1^34 cm/ ndm So vdi tidu chudn TCVN 5782:2009, kich thudc Rv cua trd em trai hidn tdng tir 0,97^1,38cm/tuoi Dp xufli vai ciia trd em liia tijoi HSTH thay d i i nhilu tir sang tuoi Cdn tir den 11 tufli, kich thudc Xv hdu nhu khong thay tuoi Xuoi vai tmng Can ning (Kg) Nim 2004 Nim 2011 19,66 ±3,27 23,57 ±3,89 21,59±4,15 26,34 ±4,02 23,63 ±4,85 28,95 ±4,27 25,94 ±5,50 32.36 ±4,3 27,66 ±5,46 35.65 ±4,9 Clils6BMI(Kg/ni2) Nim 2004 14.76 14.80 15.12 15.50 15.43 Nim 2011 16.90 17.13 17.24 17.97 18.45 Bang Chieu cao ca the vd cdn ndng cua tre ndm 2004 vd 2011 nang va chi so BMI eua HS frong nghien ciiu cua chiing toi cao ban so vdi so lieu cua tdc gid neu tren Nguyen nhan cua tang tnrdng la che dinh dudng, thoi quen sinh hoat, thdi diem va dja ban nghien ciiu khac Dac diem phan vai Vai la phan ca the tiep giap vdi chan cfl dugc tao tir xuong ddn, xuong mom cimg vai va cdc co vai Hinh dang vai dugc xdc djnh chu yeu bdi kich thudc: rgng vai, xuoi vai va dai vai Kich thudc rgng vai phan anh su phat trien ciia cdc xuong vai Dai vai la chieu ddi doan vai tinh tir gdc co vai din xuong mom cung vai tuang ling vdi dudng vai thidt ke Xufli vai thl hien dp dflc cua "dudng vai Xuoi vai duac tao nhd su binh ciia cac em la ^ 3,5cm Hau het cac em co hinh dang vai ngang, ca thang chua phdt trien nhilu Len 11 tufii, mgt sfl em da dgt dugc dg xufli vai trung binh d ngudi ldn la 4,5cm nhien ty le edn it (chiem 16,4%) Cung nhu rpng vai, dai vai cua fre tang kha deu qua cac nam, trung binh tang tir 0,27 ^ 0,54cm/ nam Tir den tufli, chilu dai vai cua cac em tap trung nhilu d miic 9,5±0,45cm (chilm 57,6-64,5%) Tii din 11 tuoi, chieu ddi vai cua cdc era tang them trung binh 0,5cm mfli nam, ty Id chilm tir 65,5-^75,9% d mfli dfl frifli Dac diem p h a n ngye vdlirng Phan ngye - lung dugc dgc tnmg bdi cac kich thudc: Vn, Rngn, Dl, Rin Kit qua nghien ciiu bdng cho thdy TAP CHI THIET B| GIAO DUC-SO 88-12/2012 • 25 NGHIEN c u b & UNG DUNG Nguyen Quang (Juyin, Nhdn trdc hgc vd sy img dyng nghien cuu tren ngu&i Vi$t Mim, NXB Y hgc (1974) Ld Vdn Timg, Nguyin Nggc Nga, D$ng Anh Nggc.TiSrtg tru&ng thi chat cua hgc sinh V}^t Nam tmng nhihig ndm ddu cda thi ^ XXI, Hgi nghj khoa hpc qu&: tl y hgc vd vp sinh mfli trudng lan thir 2, NXB Y hgc, 710717,2005 TCVN 5781:1994: Phuang phdp ca the ngudi TCVN 5782:2009, H^ thong ca so tieu chudn qudn do, Hd Npi, 2009 BS 7231:1990; Body measurements ofboys and girls 10 11 from birth up to 16.9 years; Nam ^^-^ part 2, Recommendations of body dimentions for children, 1962 54,74 58,34 60,22 55,65 57,28 1990 2009 58,00 59,00 62,00 64,00 66,00 Summary 2011 59,36 63,07 63,85 66,46 67,79 This research was done in2011 In order to assess &e characteristic Bdng So sdnh sir phdt trien kich thu&c Vn cua tre em qua cdc ndm of primary school boys' body sy phdt trien ve kinh te, che khdng nen thiet kl ddng bd sdt morphology Tbe research result dirih duong ciia tre hipn se dnh hudng den sy phat trien showed that anthrcqx)metiic size of primaiy scbooHJoys was day dil hem rat nhieu so vdi ciia cac em changed according totiieirage trude ddy Vi vay tre em cdng Ket ludn and their growth rate was not ngdy cang cd xu hudng to beo Cde kieh thudc nhan trie The height increases hem ciia NHSTH thay dfii theo, dp similar festfrom7 to years old {S,(ra Dgc ^em phan b^ng tudi, toe dp tdng khdng giong 5,98cm/year) then, the growfli Dac diem phan byng dugc nhau; Chidu cao tdng nhanh of height slows down dumig die ddnh gid thflng qua cac kich hi - hifii (5,6- 5,98cm/ age ^ 1 (4,57 - 4,98cni^) thudc: vdng bung, day eo, nam) vd tdng chgm hom tir Nutritional status ofttiediildren rgng ngang eg So lipu fron^ 9-11 tudi (4,57 - 4,98cm/ is noimal according to the BNfl bdng cho thdy tir ddn tufli ndm); Tinh trgng dinh duong scale of Asian The width of vdng eo tdng nhanh Vb tdng ciia tre d miic binh thudng shoulder grows slowly; increase 3,49 cm; Rne tdng 1,3cm; De theo thang phan logi BMI ciia average fom 0,86 cm to 1,34 cm/ tang 0,61cm Phdn byng fre chau A; Kich tiiudc Rv ciia fre year The slope of the shoulder is van ed dgng trdn, chenh Ipch em^ frai liia tufli tieu hgc phat around - 3,5 on Children have giiia rfing ngang eo va day tiiln chdm, trung binh tdng tit square-shoulders Child bodfy eo ft (2,75cm) Tir din 0,86 - 1,34 cm/ ndm Xufli vai specifically changedfiomround s h ^ to f^ shape The research tufli vdng byng tdng chgm trung binh ciia cdc eni Id - result contributed to Ihe growfc (0,94cm), hinh ddiig byng bdt 3,5cm Vai cd d$c dilm la vai characteristic assessment of frdn vd cd xu hudng chuydn ngang; Tre cd sy thay doi r6 child's body morphology; vras a sang dgng det, chenh lech ret ve binh ddng ngudi tir frdn data on iwimary sdioolboys'bocfy gifta rflng eo vd ddy eo tang sang dpt morphology served to the design len (3,45cm) Cdn tir din 11 of primaiy schooSx>y clotties md tufli vdng bung tdng khd diu pimaiy school's equiimients Tdi iifu tham khdo phdn ngye - lung cua trd em frai giai dogn ndy c6 tic dp phdt triln khfing deu cdc kfcli thudc Tir din tuoi so vdng ngye tdng nhanh 3,7 cm/nam, tang chu ylu vl bl ngang Rngn tdng 1,26cm; Rin tang 0,95cm; Dl tang 0,28cm^ Trd cd sy thay doi rfi rpt vl hlnh ddng ngudi tir trdn, by bam sang dpt va gdy So vdi ket qud nghien ciiu cua ndm 1962 vd 2009 (bdng 3) tbi HS nghien cim ciia chung tfii cd so vdng ngye ldn han Dieu ndy chu yeu trung binh 2cm/ndm b Dgc diim phdn mong D$c dilm phdn mflng cua trd em trai lir din 11 tuii ft cd sy thay do! ve hlnh ddng bl ddy hflng vd be r^ng cd sy phdt triln tuang duong Dfi chenh l^ch glQ-a Rnh vd Dh cdn it vd thay dii khdng ddng kl d cdc dfi tu6i (bdng I) Dilu chimg td phan xuang chgu ciia cdc em d dg tu6i ndy cfin It phdt triln vl chilu rfing Nhu vgy d tuoi ndy phan mflng cdn chua phdt triln mgnh, dd thilt kl quan cho cdc em • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO OyC-SO 88-12/2012 ... HSTH tang dan theo nam nhinig toe dp tang khong diu Chieu cao cd xu hudng tdng nhanh tir din tufli (tir 5,6 -^ 5,98cm/ nam) va tang chgm horn tir din 11 tufli (tir 4,57 ^ 4,98cm/ nam) Ngugc lai,... Nggc Nga, D$ng Anh Nggc.TiSrtg tru&ng thi chat cua hgc sinh V}^t Nam tmng nhihig ndm ddu cda thi ^ XXI, Hgi nghj khoa hpc qu&: tl y hgc vd vp sinh mfli trudng lan thir 2, NXB Y hgc, 710717,2005... edn it (chiem 16,4%) Cung nhu rpng vai, dai vai cua fre tang kha deu qua cac nam, trung binh tang tir 0,27 ^ 0,54cm/ nam Tir den tufli, chilu dai vai cua cac em tap trung nhilu d miic 9,5±0,45cm