TAM U H^C tlNH y Hf C LtfA TO^I BAI TAP THIIC HANH NGHIEN COO TAM Ll HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC HOC PHAN M ll HOE Illll HOE Trong thdi d|i ngay nay, khi khd''''i lupng kien thtie ting len mdi ngay vaqua trin[.]
Trang 1TAM U H^C tlNH y H f C LtfA TO^I
BAI TAP THIIC HANH NGHIEN COO TAM Ll HOC SINH
TRONG DAY HOC HOC PHAN M ll HOE Illll HOE
Trong thdi d|i ngay nay, khi khd'i lupng kien thtie
ting len mdi ngay vaqua trinh daotaodtmdng
dai hpc dang dupe ehuyen tirnien chesang hpc
che tin chi, viee hinh thanh ning luc tu hpc cho sinh
vien (SV) lai cang cd y nghia Vi vay, day va hpc hpc
phan Tam iihqc (TLH) tieu hqc thdng qua he thd'ng
cac bai tap thuc hanh (BTTH) nghien ciiu lasuthehien
tich ei/c cae quan diem giao due tren
Vdi dae tmng cua minh, hpc phan TLH tieu hqc
gdp phan die luc cho viec hinh thanh cac ning It/c
nghedSV, die biet la nang lue hieu hpesinh(HS).Dd
la nang lue tham nhap vao ddi sdng tam Ii (TL) cua
cac em Do dd, su xay di/ng va sii dung cac BTTH
nghien eifu trong day hpc hpc phan la trao cho SV
"cdng cu" decac em dat dupe muc tieu ciia mdn hpe
1 Vai net tinh hinh nghien ciru ve BTTH
trong TLH
Tii thuc tien nghien eifu va giang day eiia minh,
nhieu nha TLH kiem su pham hpc da It/a chpn, thiet
keva bien soan nen eac he thd'ng bai seminar, BTTH
TLH nhu la nhifng ndi dung hpc tap bit bupe hoic tu
chpn dd'i vdi ngudi hpc trong cac hpc phan TLH Vi
the, dnhieu nude tren thegidi, trong cac eosddao tao
giao vien, ben canh nhifng giao trinh trinh bay nhifng
van de mang tinh Ii thuyet, thudng ed nhifng sach
hoic tai lieu hudng din seminar, thue hanh mdn hpe
Nhieu nha TLH da xay dung nhifng thang do,
phuang phap danh gia dechan doan va nghien eifu
st/hinh thanh, phat trien cac chifc nang TL khac nhau
Cho nen, cd rat nhieu tuyen tap gidi thieu cac phuong
phap nghien eifu, chan doan TL ndi chung va TL tre
em ndi rieng
d Viet Nam, cac nha TLH cung nhu giang vien
cua cac tardng dai hpc su pham da quan tam den
viec djch, Viet hda, tuyen chpn va thiet ke cae BTTH
TLH vdi mong mud'n cung cap cho giao vien va giao
sinh nguon tu lieu de hp ed the sti dung trong qua
trinh day va hoc cac hpe phan TLH.Ching han, BTTH
TLH (Tran Trpng Thuy chu bien), BTTH TLH (Nguyin
Ke Hao chu bien), Tuy nhien, vin rat thieu nhifng
TS PHAN THI HANH MAI*
BTTH nghien eifu TL phii hqp vdi tifng lifa tud'i HS,
trong dd CO hpc sinh tieu hpc (HSTH) eung nhu nhifng BTTH gin lien vdi mtJC tieu, ndi dung eac hpe phan TLH trong dao tao giao vien ndi chung va giao vien tieu hpc ndi rieng
2 Cac l(hai niem ca ban
1) TLH tieu hoc TLH tieu hqc la mdt hpe phan
trong chuong trinh dao tao ci} nhan giao due tieu hpe hudng vao tranp bj cho SV nhifng kien thifc ehung ve TLH lifa tud'i tieu hpe va TLH su pham tieu hpc Nd
khdng ehi dam bao cho SV ed duqc nhifng hieu biet
CO ban ve su phat trie'n TL ciia HSTH, ve eac dang hoat ddng eo ban ciia cac em, ve tam Ii hpc day hpe
va giao due d tieu hpe eung nhu TLH ve ngudi giao vien tieu hpc ma cdn dam bao cho viee hinh thanh d hpcac kining nghien eifu, giai thieh cac hien tupng
TL cua HSTH va biet van dung kien thifc TLH detien hanh hoatddng su pham cd hieu qua Hon the, "TLH tieu hpe" cung gdp phan die lue hinh thanh d S V each nhin nhan, danh gia HSTH va nghe day hpc d tieu hpc mpt each diing din, khoa hpc, tif dd tang them Idng yeu nghe, yeu tre va coi trpng viee ren luyen, hoan thien nhan each cGa ngudi hoc
2) Nghien cuu TL Nghien eifu la "xem xet, tim
kiem ki ludng de nim vifng van de, giai quyet van de hay de rut ra nhifng hieu biet mdi" (1; tr.680) Nghien ciiu TL, trong dd cd TL HS la tim kiem dif kien (cif lieu), thdng qua xem xet, dieu tra, thuc nghiem de nim bit mdt each ehinh xac die diem TL cila ca nhan hoac nhdm
Trong day hpc hpe phan TLH tieu hqc, nghien
eifu TL hudng vao kham pha ddi song TL cua HSTH
- nhifng tre em ed tud'i tiiG-l 1 dang song va phat trie'n hon nhien bing phuong thife linh hpi trong nen van minh nha tmdng vdi hoat ddng chu dao la hoat ddng hpe tap HSTH la mpt giai (Joan lifa tuoi eiia su phat trie'n TL, nen viee nghien eifu TL viia gin lien vdi tim hieu die diem TL eua mdi HS vifa hudng tdi xac djnh die diem ehung cua su phat trie'n eiia mpt thdi ki
(kil 1/2014)
* Klioa Giao due tieu lipc,Tnr«ingfiai lipc sir piiam Ha Npi
Trang 2BT
1
2
3
4
S
a
1
B
a
10
cuti
Tim hi^u tri Qi4c
cua HSTH
Tiin hi^u tri nhd
cOaHSTH
Tim hilu tti duy
cua HSTH
Tim hl^u ttfdng
lUCfng cua HSTH
Tim hl^u nhu c4u
cua HSTH
Tim hilu m4t s6
n£t tinh cdch cOa
HSTH
Tim hl^u ddi s6ng
finh c3m cua
HSTH
Tim hieu 'i chi vd
hdnh dOng ^ chi
cua HSTH
Tim hilu dOng cd
hQC 1|p cua
HSTH
Tim hi^u giao b'lp
cua HSTH
Tim hilu khd ndng tri gidc tfii gidc ciJa HS
Tim hieu khd n3ng ghi nhd
HS
Tim hieu dSc diem ti/ duy thong qua viec hi^u khdi ni^m, giai todn vd ndm bdt nOi dung vdn bdn
Tim hj^u dde di^m ta/dng
tUQng dirdi hinh XNSC ngfln
ngd cua HS
Xdc (finh nhu c<lu n ^ trOi cuaHS
Xdc dinh linh tmng thi/i:
ciJaHS
Tim hiSu dde diffm tinh cdm cOa HS qua t i / nhdn thiJc cua cdc em
Xdc djnh mOt s6 dde di^m
y chi vd hdnh dOng V chi cua HSTH thfing qua vi^c thi/c hl^n hdnh dOng cd mgc dieh trong cdc diSu ki$n gdy nhi^u khde nhau
Xdc dinh cdc loai dOng cd hoc t^p cua HSTH
Xdc (^nh milb d$ c^n thi^t giao t'^p ban bd cua HSTH
nghiSn ctiru Thg'c nghiem
Thi/c nghiem
Dieu tra bdng
BT tinh hu6ng
Thi/c nghiem
Thi/c nghiem
Thi/c nghiem
Trd ehuyen
Thi/c nghigm
Oiiu tra v l l t
C i i u tra v i l t
HS di/Oc Idm vi^c vdi hai bilc tranh gl6ng nhau vd mgi chi ti^t, ngodi 8 chi ti^t khOng c6 trong bil'c tranh kia va 8 chi
t i t duiUcb6 tri khde dl
HS Idm vi^c vdt hai day so, hai ddy tir va mOt doan vdn ban ngSn
HS di/dc Idm viec vdi' 3 cdp khdi ni$m,
3 nhdm doi ti/dng, 3 quan h^: cdc day s6, cdc hinh hinh hoc (do^n t h i n g vd tam gldc): mOt doan vdn ngdn
HS duac Idm vi^c vdi mpt cdu chuydn chua cd doan k£t
HS du^c Idm vi$c vdi nhQTig tinh hu6ng gid dinh khde nhau
HS duijc lam vigc vdi 5 vdng trdn ma tr6n dd c6 hai vdng trdn trdng, hai vdng trdn den va mOt tdm diem tr^ng
HS dUdc 1am vi^c vdi nh(^g cdu hdi lidn quan d i n d6i tU^ng khdi gdi cdm xue cua cdc em, den hdnh dOng cOa cdc em khi
c d e d m x u c
HS dutjc y€u cdu doc d ^ nhd n$i dung chinh eua m<}t do^n tai lieu hoc t i p n g i n trong d i i u kj^n cd sir xuat hien cua cdc
mdt Quyin truySn mOi mot ngUSi i^
HS difdc Idm vl^c vdi 21 cdu trd ldi cho cdu hdi "Con hoc d ^ Idm g P "
HS lam vi^c vdi 10 cdu hdi finh hu6ng
Trong dd 5 dnh huong t h ^ hi^n nhdn thi^c thdi dO cdm xOc cua HS ve ban vd
vi gdn bd cua cdc em vdi b^n
Quan sdt hai biirc tranh de tim
chiJng trong mot thdi gian n t ^ t djnh,
DQC cdc sd, cdc tor vd do^n vdn ban vd nhd tai chung theo kha ndng cd t h i
Qge vd flm nhiing diem ehung giG^ cdc khdi ni^m d6i tUdng, quan h^ gidi cdc bdi todn vd
chung doc vd ndm bdt nOi dung, y nghia eua doan vdn bdn
Doc mdt cdu chuydn chua cd do9n k i l vd v i i t tiep do^n ket
6 Q C cdc tinh huong d l dua ra
gidi thieh tai sao Nhim mdt lai cam but chi gid thdng tay l@n qud ddu roi thtJ
ha d i u but )aj6ng xem cd t h i trung tdm d i l m dUdc m^y l i n Nghe vd trd Idi timg cdu hdi
Gqe de nhd npi dung chinh cila mdt doan tdi lieu hgc tdp n g i n trong d l i u kien ed si/ x u l t hi^n cua cdc d6i tiTdng gay nhiiu
E>oc cdu hdi ciing 21 phUdng
dn trd Idi vd lua ction Sdu tri 1(6 quan Ir^ng nfjit d6l vdi cdc
em r6i iJAnfi s6 tha tt/1, 2 3 tiKO mac 66 quan tmriq
OQC cdc cdu hdi cung cdc
phiRjng dn trd ldi va lua ction ciu tri liSi pftO hap nliit cho m6\ tinh hu6ng
T i i n hdnh thi/C nghiem vd xi) 11, phdr tich k i t qud d l njt ra k i t ludn v i Uil ndng tri gidc thj gidc ciJa HS diroc
nghiln cQu
T i i n hdnh Hwic nghiem vd xH Ii, phjin
tich k i t qud d l n ^ ra k i t ludn v i kjij
etlu
T i i n hdnh d l i u tra bing BT Snh hu6ng vd nl' Ii, phdn lich k i t qud dliti tra d l riii ra dde d i l m tif duy eiia HS dUde nghien cCru
T i i n hdnh thi/c nghiim vd xff ii phSn tich k i t qud d l nit ra t ^ t ludn v i djc
d i l m tudng tUdng ciJa HS dUiK nghidn cijru
T i i n hdnh thi/c nghi$m vd xff Ii, ptdn
tich k i l qud d l n i l ra k i t lujn v i itw
c i u n i l troi cOa HS diftjc nahiSn ciTii
Tien hdnh thi/c nghiem, xff II, fi^ tich k i t q u i d l nit ra k i t ludn v i m
trung t h g t ciia HS dudc nghidn ctfu
Tien hanh nhffng cuOc trd chuySn wN
HS, ghi chdp cdc cdu trd kli ciia cic
em vd xff Ii, phdn lich chung d l n i t n cdc dde d i l m tinh cdm cua cic em
T i i n hdnh thyc nghiem vd di/a V^D
cua st; xao nhdng d HS effng nhi/Ml qud hdnh dOnfl cd muc dieh md cic
em dat du^dc d l nit ra m^t ii djc
d i l m y chf vd hdnh dQng y chi i»a
HS diAjc nghidn cfflj
T i i n hdnh d i i u ba vd xff Ii, phdn tii^ cdc cdu trd ldi cffa H S d l rut rakjl
ludn v i cAc aong t^hQC^vitlS tiSc dia chOng d HS dffcfc ngKJn
cffu
T i i n hanh dieu fra vd xff ii phin M
cdc cdu trd Idi cua HS d l nil ra kjl
ludn v i miit: tffi ck thi§t giao t^p tian M cua HS dffijc nghifin cifti •
3) BTTH Tht/c hanh la "hinh thife luyen tap de
trau doi ki ning, kT xao hoat ddng, de nim rd va va
nim vifng kien thifc Ii thuyet nhim tao ra d ngudi
hpc mdt ning luc hoat ddng thue tiin cd nhieu sang
tao" (2; t_r.376-377) Trong day hpe, thue hanh thudng
dupfc diin ra thdng qua eac bai tap (BT) khac nhau 0
hpc phan TLH tieu hqc, BTTH TLH thudng gom 3
loai: BT nham on tap ii thuyet, BT nham van dung Ii
luan vao giai quyet mdt tinh huong thuc te va BT ren
luyen ki ning nghien eifu Trong dd, BTTH nghien
CUV TL la dang BT yeu cau SV tien hanh qua trinh
nghien cuii nham thu thap va phan tich nhifng dif lieu
tif thue tiin thdng qua cae phuong phap khac nhau
de vifa nim vifng va lam m di cac kien thifc ve ddi song
TL HSTH, vua ren luyen duac kinang tien hanh hoat
ddng tim hieu HS - co sd quan trpng de ed ning li/c
hieu HS Vi vay, so vdi cac dang BT khac, cae BT
dang nay viia khd trong yeu cau, vifa phifc tap trong
qua trinh tht/c hien
3 Cac BTTH nghien ciiu TL HSTH
1) Yeu cau dd'i vdi cac BTTH nghien cihi TL
HS trong day hgc hgc phan "TLH tieu hgc"
a) Venqidung:Hq\ dung cae BT gin lien vdi viec
do dac, danh gia cac chifc nang TLdHSTH;ganviS
muc tieu, ndi dung cua hpc phan TLH tieu hqc, bao
quit dupfc cac khia canh khac nhau trong ddi song
TL HSTH va cd tinh he thd'ng; phtj hop vdi HSTH VietNam
b) Vecach thiic:-Cac BT cd tinh kha thi doi vdi
SV, ttie la phii hpp vdi dieu kien hpc tap, nghien cihi eua SV va hieu qua dd'i vdi viee hpe cae npi dung co lien quan ciia mdn hpe; - Cac BT phai phong phu ve ndi dung va da dang ve hinh thifc bieu hien lin cacli thifc lam viec detao ra st/thieh thii, hao hifng ciia
HS trong qua trinh lam viec vdi SV; - Cau true mot
BT bao gom ca miJC dieh, ndi dung ||n each thifc tht/c hanh nghien ciiu
(Xem tiep trang 23]
20 Tap chi Gido due so 325
(kil-1/2014)
Trang 3diem, ngan sach; mpi thanh vien trong nhdm phai chuan
bj nhifng hoatddng trong ehuyen di; phan edng nhiem
vu rd rang cho mpi ngudi; - Tham gia cae hoat ddng xa
hqi{bao vetrat tugiao thdng; tuyen tmyen phdng chong
cac te nan xa hdi; bao ve mdi tmdng ) Khi tham gia
eac hoatddng nay, SV seed nhieu eo hpi de tht/e hien
KNTL xay ra trong thuc te cudc sd'ng; - Tinh nguyen
tham gia cau iae bd (CLB) ma S Vyeu thieh (CLB eua
cae nhi Quan trj nhan st/, CLB eua nhifng nha ngoai
giao, CLB cua nhiing nha doanh nhan, ); thdng qua
cae CLB nay cae em s§ thiet ke cac chii de tao tinh
hud'ng deSV tien hanh tham gia TL
3 Hinh thanh va phat trien KN mem ndi ehung,
KNTL ndi rieng cho SV la dieu hetsiie can thiet Trong
xu hudng cua thdidai,dd'ithoaidang dan thay thecho
dd'i dau thi KNTL ed mdt vj tri, vai trd het sife quan
trpng trong ddi song x i hdi Nd lam cho eon ngudi
xich lai gan nhau, hieu nhau hon, nhan vin hon, giam
bdt st/ cing thing trong qua trinh giai quyet cdng
viee, mang lai thanh cdng trong cudc song Vi vay,
trong qua trinh D H chung ta khdng ehi cung cap cho
SVvemitli thuyet macdn phai tao ra mdi tmdng, tinh
hud'ng de SV duoe tham gia TL Viec trang bi KNTL
cho s y khdng chi ed y nghia ve mat li luan ma ea ve
thuc tien,ndgiup cae em tutin hon trong quatrinh hdi
nhap vaphat trie'n G
Tdi liSu tham khao
1 NguySn Thanh Binh Gido trinh gido due Id n3ng
sd'ng NXB Dai hpc supham Hd Ndi, 2007
2 NguySn The' Manh "Quy trinh luy$n tap ki nSng
day hoc thuc hanh nghS" Tap chi Khoa hpc gido
due, 29/2008; tr 39-42
3 Dang Thanh Hung "Nhan dien va danh gia ki nSng"
T£ip chi Khoa hpc gido due, s6 54 (11/2010)
4 NguySn Thj Thanh "Si; cin thie't td chuc day hpc
theo h\i6ng phat tri^n kl nang hpc tap hap tac cho
sinh vien d?i hpc su pham" Tap chi Gido dvic, s6' 281,
ki 1 (3/20r2); 0- 30
5 Luu Thu Thuy (chu bien) Gido due lei nSng s6'ng
cho trJ em ed hoan eSnh kho khan NXB Chinh tri
qugc gia, H 2006
6 Bernerd.H.W Psychology of learning and
teaching, McGrow, Hill Book Company, 1954
7 Sim.S, Ow S Training methodologies, Covil Service
College Singapore, 2006
8 http://ddhsonline.com/diendan/ky-nang-song
SUMMARY
White the win-win'ideology is becoming the
ten-dency frequently adopted to deal with social relations
In our present society, negotiations play an essential
rolein everyday life, work and international relations
Negotiations are a specific soft skill, which is not only necessary in daily life but also extremely impor-tant in certain (job) fields such as: foreign affairs, human resource management, business manage-ment Preparations for negotiation skills, therefore, are significant in both theory and practice It helps
to build confidence among students in the globaliza-tion and development era
Bai tap thirc hanh nghien cihi
(Tiep theo trang 20)
c) Vegia tri:Cac BT nghien eifu TL HSTH nhu la
nhifng phuang tien cho SV thi/c hanh trong qui trinh
hpc hpc phan TLH tieu hqc
2) Bang cac B TTH nghien cuu TL HSTH (xem
bing trang 20)
* * *
Vdi mong mud'ri td'chifc cho SV hpe thdng qua viee tim hieu mdt so tihife ning TL dien hinh tren mpi khia canh cua ddi sd'ng TL HSTH, 10 BTTH nghien eifu TL HSTH d i dupe xay dung Cac BT nay gin lien vdi ba npi dung eo ban trong chuong trinh mdn hpe,
dd la 'Die diem nhan thuc cua HSTH", "Dac diem
nhan each eua HSTH'va "Cac dang hoat dong eo bin cua HSTH" Trong dd, cd 4 BT (1,2,3,4) tim
hieu eac qua trinh nhan thifc eiia HSTH, 4 BT (5,6,7, 8) tim hieu cae thanh phan nhan each cua HSTH ya2
BT (9,10) tim hieu cae hoatddng eua HSTH 6ti'tca cicBT,nJiiem vu eiia SV deu la tien hanh mpt phuong phap tim hieu TL HSTH tren nhifng khacti the nhat djnii; xd li, phan tieh ket qua ed duoe tiiphuan^ phap
de rut ra ket luan ve kha ning hoic (Jac diem cua ehiic ning TL nao dd d HS minh nghien eifu va trinh bay ket qua dudi dang cac bai thu hoach •
(kil-1/2014)
(1) Hoang Phe (chu bien) Turdifa Tifng Viet NXB
Dd Ndng, 200\
(2) Bui HiSn - NguySn Van Giao - NguySn HiJu Quynh
- Vu van Tao Tur diin Giao due hoe NXB TH diin
Bdchlchoa, H.200\
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Michel Develay Mdt s6' vd'n d l v l ddo tao giao
vi6n NXB Gido due, H 1998
2 Bui van Hue - Phan Thi Hanh Mai - NguySn XuSn
Thuc Giao trinh TSm li hoe tieu hoc NXB Dai hoc
supham, H 2008
SUMMARY
Creating and using practical exercises when teach-ing subjects is an efective way to "turn a trainteach-ing process into a self-training process", especially in career training This article aims to identify practical exercises for researching psychology of Primary stu-dents and provide ideas to use them in the teaching
& learning the module of Child Psychology
Tap chi Gido due so 325 23