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BIEN BAN GIU) DUC N A N G CAO V A I TRO CHU THE NHAN THUfC TRONG HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN VIET NAM HIEN NAY NGUYiN THi THU LAN * S inh vien la mdt nhdm xa hdi dac bift Hp la nhirng ngudi dang tidp thu ki[.]
BIEN BAN GIU) DUC N A N G CAO V A I TRO CHU THE NHAN THUfC TRONG HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN VIET NAM HIEN NAY NGUYiN THi THU LAN * S inh vien la mdt nhdm xa hdi dac bift Hp la nhirng ngudi dang tidp thu kie'n thiic, ky nang chuyen mdn d cdc trudng cao ddng, dai hoc dl chuan bi cho hoat ddng nghe nghidp sau trudng vd dupe xa hdi edng nhan qua nhflng bang cdp dat duoc qua trinh hpc Hp la ldp ngudi giau nghi luc, gidu ude mo vd hoai bao Tuy nhidn, quy luat phat trien khdng ddng deu ve mat tam ly, nhiing dieu kien, hodn canh sd'ng va each thirc gido due khac nhau, khdng phai bdt cd" sinh vien nao cung dupc phat triln idi uu, dp chin mudi suy nghl vd hdnh ddng edn han chd Mdt nguyen nhdn quan trpng cd anh hudng rdt ldn de'n su phat irien cua sinh vien la ti'nh tieh cue chii ddng qud trinh hpc tap cua ban than mdi sinh vien dl xay dung mdt dd ngu sinh vien cd the lire, tri luc, cd tam huydt, trung vdi IJ tudng va nhiet tmh cdch mang Chung ta cdn phai ed nhiing giai phap mang tinh dot phd de nang cao vai tro chu thl nhan thdc hoe tap cua sinh vien hpc mdi, cdn thiet phuc vu cho viee phdt ttiln kinh te - xa hdi dang dupc dat ra, dap dng ygu cdu cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hda ddt nudc Cdn kidn quyd't lam ttong sach mdi trudng dai hpc, khdng dl nhflng td nan xa bdi sinh khudn vidn nha ttudng de tranh cho sinh vien tiep xdc vdi cdi xdu Trong cdng tdc ndy, cdn phat huy vai trd cua Doan nidn, Hdi sinh vien cua trudng Cac td chdc Doan, Hdi sinh vien cdn phat ddng cdc phong ttdo gidp doan vien hang hdi hang say hpc tdp, nghien cihj khoa hpc Doan nidn cung vdi Hdi sinh vien nen chu ddng de nghi lanh dao nha trudng, cac co quan chdc nang eho phdt hanh "Ban tin hoc tdp" hoac tap san theo chd dl hang thdng (hoae qu;^) dl thdng tin vi kft qua hpc tap vd ren luydn cua tiing ldp, cung cdp them thdng tin van hda - xa hdi vd phdt huy kha nang cua tiftig doan vidn, sinh vien tCmg mdn hoc Thii nhdt, xdy dung moi trudng dgi hgc Idnh mgnh Di phat huy tinh tich cue, tu giac eua sinh vien hoe tap, trudc tidn nha trudng cdn phai dam bao cac dieu kidn vat chat, tao dilu kien thuan lpi cho sinh vien hoat ddng thuc tap, nghidn cdu khoa hpc Dam bao ddy du sach va lai lieu cdn thill cho sinh vien hoc tap va nghien edu khoa hpe, ddu tu hon niia cho he thd'ng thu vien, thu vien phai dam bao du sdeh bao cho sinh vien tham khao, nghidn cdu, dam bao ddy du sach giao khoa eac nganh hpc trudng Sach bao phai dam bao cap nhai duoc nhiing thdng tin, kiln thdc khoa Thdng qua cdc hoat ddng khac nhu Hdi thao hpe tap tiing mdn hpc, Hdi thao lua chpn ehii de nghien cdu khoa hoc di khoi ddy sinh vien tinh thdn tu chu, thi dua irong hpc tap Tang cudng cdc hoat ddng ngoai khda phuc vu cho mdn hpc nhu nghe ndi chuydn chuydn dl, trich doan tdc phdm va trinh diln cac tilu phdm, di tham quan thuc td, td chde cac cudc thi, giao luu sinh vien cac trudng, td ehflc cdc hoat ddng van hda thl thao Nhirng hoat ddng ndy se gidp sinh vien hilu bift them rdt nhilu, ndng eao tinh thdn tap the, tinh trung thuc vd ldng nhdn di sinh vien Sinh hoat d cdc cdu lac bd mdn hpc se tap hpp dupc cac doan vidn sinh vidn cd cung sd thich, chpn dupc cdc tdi nang tre eac luih vuc, gidp dodn vien sinh vien dam nhdn cac dl tai khoa hpc cd co hdi dng dung kiln thflc duoc hpc vao thuc tiln cudc sdng * Thac si, Khoa Ly ludn chinh tn Bai hoc Hdng hdi Viet Nam Ciing vdi nhimg bien phdp trdn, cdn Idm tdt 78 TAP CHi GIAO D y e LV LUAN - S 216 (2014) cdng tac thi dua khen thudng dl kip thdi ddng vien, cd vQ nhiing sinh vien cd lich ttong hpc tap Cd nhu vay m ^ tao dupc mdi ttudng dai hpc lanh manh Trdn ca sd dd, khuydn khieh ddng vien sinh vien tich cue, lu gidc phdn ddu ttong hpc tap va ren luydn ban than Thd hai, ndng cao trinh chuyin mon cua gidng vien Sinh vien la "trung tdm" cua qud trinh dao tao, nhung anh hudng quyft dinh din chdt lupng ddo lao lai la ngUdi thdy Trinh dd chuyen mdn, phuong phdp su pham va nhdn each eua ngudi thdy cd anh hucmg Idn ddn chdt lupng cung nhu vide phdt huy tinh tich cue, chu ddng, sang tao cua sinh vidn Thdng qua qud trinh dao tao, ngudi thdy tdc ddng din sinh vidn, phat huy sflc manh cua ban than ho Sdc manh bdn dy cd thl ldm cho kiln thdc ma thdy truyin thu cho sinh vidn dupc nhdn ldn, sdng tao them rdt nhieu Cdc trudng dai hpc phai thudng xuyen td chdc bdi dudng ndng cao trinh dd vd danh gid ddi ngu cdn bd giang day, phai chudn hda cdn bd giang day theo cdc tidu chi: kien ihflc, phuang phdp giang day, dao ddc, tu each vd kha nang nghidn cdu Nang eao trinh dd chuydn mdn eua giang vidn, dua qui dinh Thac si mdi dupe day IJ thuylt Nang cao trinh ehuyen mdn cua giang vidn bdng cdch ehdn chinh viee ddo tao thac si, tiln sT Bdng thac sT, tiln sT phai theo yeu cdu qudc tl, khdng thl tu^* lien ddo tao cdu tha, chay theo sd luong, ma phai dao tao theo chdt lupng, trinh dd Idm tidu chi hang ddu Thac si vd tidn sT la lire luong lao ddng, khoa hpe cdt edn, nlu ddo tao ddi tta, trinh dd tha'p thi khdng chi cd hai cho gido due, khoa hpc ma cdn anh hudng tidu cue lau dai ddn nhilu linh vue hoat ddng quan ttpng khde, nhdt la mdt xa hdi qud chudng bang cdp nhu chung ta VI vay, cdn chinh dd'n tir gde, sodt lai dl han chi chat che sd dan vi, ngdnh duac phep dao lao, dan vi ndo, ngdnh nao edn ylu thi cuong quylt diing lai vide ddo tao nudc dl gdi di ddo tao d nudc ngodi vd chudn bi them dilu kidn Tang cudng tra, kilm tra, ldp lai ky cuong, trdt tu, chdng gian dd'i vd cdu tha irong viec ddo tao vd cdp bang Ddng thdi, nhiing co sd ddo tao ndo dupe phip daa tao cdn cd du quyin chu ddng tCr vific tuyin ddu vdo, lua chon chuang trinh, cfl ngudi hudng ddn cho din viec TAP CHl GlAO DVC L* LUAN - S 216 (2014) td ehfle phan bien va cdp bang, dl cd thl tu chiu trdch nhiem midc xa hdi vl chdt luong dao tao Cd nhu vay thl mdi dam bao chdt lupng day hoc, dap flng dupc ydu cdu eua xa hdi ttong giai doan hien Nhung ngudi thdy dat chat Iupng mdi cd thl khoi day dupc tinh tich cue, chu ddng, sdng tao cua sinh vien ttong hpc tap Thd ba, doi mdi chucmg trinh, ngi dung, phuang phdp dgy hgc Chucmg trinh, ndi dung, phuong phap day hpc la nhthig nhan td gdp phdn anh hudng true tilp din viec phdt huy vai trd chu thl nhan thdc cua sinh vien ttong hpc tap Sau hon 20 nam ddi mdi, giao due dai hpe da cd nhflng budc tiln ldn Tuy vay, vdn chua ddp dng dupc yeu cdu cua CO chi Ihi ttudng, yeu cdu cdng nghiep hda - hien dai hda ddt nudc CSn phai ddi mdi hon niia ndi dung, chuong irinh hpc cua cac ttudng dai hpc cho phii hpp vdi yeu cdu nen kinh td thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia, phai chudn hda chucmg trinh ddo tao vl kiln ihdc va ky nang, ddp flng linh hoat nhu cdu nhdn luc cua thi tnrdng lao ddng Ddi mdi vl phuang phdp phai tuan thii nguydn tde "Idy sinh vien Idm trung tdm" cua qud trinh giang day, dat dudi su hudng dan, gai md tich cue ciia giang vidn Day la phucmg phdp se dua din nhiing nhan thfle mdi vl mue dich, muc tieu dao tao, ve vai trd ciia ngudi day, ngudi hpc, vl ban chdt cua qud trinh day - hoc, vl he thdng cdc phucmg phdp Dilu dd cd nghia la ehdng ta da tilp cdn dupc cdc vdn dl cua su pham hpc hidn dai Ngudi day va ngudi hpc cd mdi quan h | bidn chflng vdi nhau: thdy ddng vai trd la ngoai luc tdc ddng tdi sinh viSn, gidp sinh vien phdt huy hit ndi luc eua ban thdn, tu van ddng de tim tri ihdc Nhu vay, sinh vien ddng vai trd chu ddng, quyet dinh tdi chdt lupng hoc tap ciia ban thdn Trong qua ttinh sd dung phuang phdp tren, se diln nhieu quan dilm, nhilu J kiln trdi nguoc vl mdt hoae nhilu vdn dl Trong tinh hudng dy, ngudi thdy se phdt hidn kip thdi vdi tu each Id ngudi cd vdn, la trpng tai khoa hpe dua nhung kit luSn cudi cung cdc cudc ttanh luan Ddng thdi, ngudi thdy ci3ng kiem ludn vai ttd Id ngudi ddnh gid, kiem tra kft qua hpc tap cua sinh vien Thdng qua cdch hpc nhu vay, mdi sinh vien se tu ddng sira chiia, dilu 79 BIENBAN&AODUe ban than, giua khat vpng vuon tdi dinh cao tti thflc vdi hoan canh, dieu kiln sdng ciia minh Trong thdi dai thi vide hpc tdp sudt ddi thdng qua dudng tu hpc ciia mdi sinh vien trd ndn vo cflng cdn thidt Tu hpc la mpt qud trinh ngucd sinh vien tu minh chidm linh tti thflc, thdng qua cdc thao tdc tri tud va hoat ddng thuc hdnh Tu hpc ddi hdi ngudi sinh vidn phai xdc dinh ddng co, thai dd hpe tdp ddng ddn, phai bien ddng co nilm tin, tinh cam, y chi Phdt huy cao dd tinh ddc lap, tu chu, vupt qua khd khan, thfl thdch de hpc tap, nghidn cihi Biln tri thflc nhan loai tri thflc, kinh nghidm cua minh Khi chdng ta phdt ddng phong trao tu hpc sinh vidn nghia Id chung ta da thuc hidn budc chuyin bien qud trinh dao tao qua trinh IU dao tao Mudn thuc hidn dupe qua ttinh tu hpc, tu ddo tao thi ngudi hpc phai khdng ngflng rdn luydn tu triiu tupng gan vdi phdt triln ngdn ngii, rin Ddng thdi, dl phdt huy tdi da hidu qua cua luydn kha nang tilp nhdn vd xfl IJ thdng tin mdt gid giang thi ngudi giang vidn phai bift kft Day Id nang luc van dung cac each thdc, bidn hop linh hoat nhilu phucmg phap: truyin thdng phap, hdnh ddng, ky nang ma tri tud da ndm va hidn dai; phuong phdp giang giai, thuydt dupc vao tilp nhan xfl ly thdng tin - tri thflc md trinh; phuang phap dat cau hdi, neu tinh hudng sinh vidn tu thu nhan dupc Tfl dd, sinh vidn lihh cd vdn dl; phuong phdp hpp tdc; phuang phdp tu hdi duac tri thfle, hinh ky nang, ky xao hpc tdp va nghien cflu khoa hpc, tu ddnh gid ren luydn nang luc du dodn khoa hpc, nang luc td chflc lao ddng, tri tud mdt cdch hc^ kiem tra Cung vdi ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc, cdn IJ, khoa hoc Tu td chflc che dd hoc tap, phan bd ddi mdi hinh thflc kilm Ira, ddnh gia kft qua td chflc d giang dudng, phdng thl nghidm, hoc tap cua sinh vien Cac dl kilm tta phai xemina, thu vien, kft hpp lao ddng tri dc vdi lao theo hudng tang cudng tu duy, suy ludn, ldp ddng chan tay, tham gia hoat ddng xa hdi ludn ciia ho chfl khdng kilm tra tri nhd don Khi qud Irinh tu hoc dat din hodn toan ddc thudn Tren co sd dd, se thay ddi dupc each hpc ldp, thi vai trd chu thl nhdn thflc cda sinh vidn se cua sinh vien theo hudng chu ddng, tich cue, giu vai ttd quyft dinh toan bd qud ttinh tilp thu, khde phue ddn dupe kilu hoc thudc long, hpe van dung tri thflc Khi dd, ngoai vide tilp thu vet eiia sinh vien kiln thflc d trudng, sinh vien ed thl tu minh tilp T/iM" tu, phdt huy phong irao tu hgc tu ddo can, xfl IJ thdng tin qua sdeh bdo, tap chi, cdc kdnh thdng tin khac Day la mdt qud ttinh khdng tgo Irong trucfng dgi hgc hien Trong hoc tap, quan trpng nhdt la tu hpc de ddng vd khdng don gian Do vdy, phai kidn tti Phat huy tinh thdn tu hpc la mdt giai phdp quan thuyet phuc, hau thudn, hd trp sinh vidn ttong irpng Mudn cd nhiing ngudi khdng thu qud trinh tu hpc tap Qud trinh tu hpc tSp, tu ddo ddng, nhirng cdn bd nang ddng tich cue, dam tao ndn cdn ed su dinh hudng, gai md, ddn nghT, ddm lam va lam dung thi viec nang ddng, ddt ciia cdc thdy cd Day Id qud trinh kft hop sang tao hoc tap vd nghien cdu khoa hoe ddng bd nhilu khau, la qud trinh tucmg tac biln phai dupe khoi dung tir ghe nha chflng giita nhan td khach quan nhu eo scr vSt trudng dai hpc Qua irinh tu hpc se gidp eho chdt, ndi dung, chuang trinh, quy chi ddo tao, sinh vidn giai quyet dupe mdu thudn giua su gia quan diem ddo tao vdi sir nd luc chu quan cua tang vd han eua tri thde vdi kha nang cd han cua ban than sinh vidn cdc ttudng dai hoc hifin nay.® chinh, ddnh gid, rdt kinh nghiem vl phucmg phap hpc, vl edeh xfit ly cac tinh hudng cd va'n dl cua mmh Ngupc lai, ngudi thdy tiep nhan tfl cac em nhiing vdn dl mdi sinh qua quan he cua cdc em vdi ban be, thdy cd, xa hdi se khiln ngudi day phai tu dieu chinh he thdng phuong phdp cua minh, cd thl tang Iln d phuang phap ndy, giam bdt d phucmg phap Nhu Mac da ndi: "Nha gido due cung phai dupe gido due" Vi vdy, ban than ngudi day cung phai tich cue, nang ddng, sang tao de khdng ngflng ddi mdi, cai tiln phuong phdp day hoc Quan he thdy - trd ttong day - hpc ludn Id mdt qua ttinh vfla thd'ng nhdt vfla mdu thudn Mau thudn dupc giai quyft thi mdu thufin khde lai din Cfl nhu thd, ca thdy va trd se dat din mdt trinh dd cao hon ca vl tri thfle khoa hpe, phuang phap day eung nhu phucmg phdp hpc Trdn co sd dd, mdi phat huy duoc vai trd tieh cue, chii ddng, sang tao cua sinh vidn hpc tap 80 TAP CHI GIAO Dye LY LUAN - S6 216 (2014) ... chflng vdi nhau: thdy ddng vai trd la ngoai luc tdc ddng tdi sinh viSn, gidp sinh vien phdt huy hit ndi luc eua ban thdn, tu van ddng de tim tri ihdc Nhu vay, sinh vien ddng vai trd chu ddng, quyet... Tren co sd dd, se thay ddi dupc each hpc ldp, thi vai trd chu thl nhdn thflc cda sinh vidn se cua sinh vien theo hudng chu ddng, tich cue, giu vai ttd quyft dinh toan bd qud ttinh tilp thu, khde... sang tao cua sinh vidn Thdng qua qud trinh dao tao, ngudi thdy tdc ddng din sinh vidn, phat huy sflc manh cua ban than ho Sdc manh bdn dy cd thl ldm cho kiln thdc ma thdy truyin thu cho sinh vidn