CHU TRirONG CUA DANG VE PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC PHO THONG TRONG NHUNG NAM 1996 2006 ''''*^ • VUTHILI&N* 7 7 Gtdo due plio tiiong la mdt bo plian co bdn trpng yeu trong toan bp su nghiep gido due dao tao Bdi[.]
CHU TRirONG CUA DANG VE PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC PHO THONG TRONG NHUNG NAM 1996 - 2006 '*^ • VUTHILI&N* 7Gtdo due plio tiiong la mdt bo plian co bdn trpng yeu toan bp su nghiep gido due - dao tao Bdi viet phdn tich chll trucmg phdi trien gido due plio thdng eOa Ddng qua liai giai doan: 1996 - 2000; 2001 - 2006 Qua lam ro hon vai Iro lanh dao eua Ddng chien lupc plidt trien gido due - ddo lao Du&i su Idnh dao cua Ddng irong 10 ndm (1996 - 2006} gido due plio thong nude ta da dat duac nhieu tuu quan Irpng, co y nghia ket sHe to ldn, la cosd dieu kien detliuc liien ihdnh cdng sit nghiep cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa I Chii truong phat trien giao due phd • thdng ciia Dang nhiing nam dau day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc 1996 - 2000 Giai doan 1996 - 2000 dupc Dai hdi ldn thir VrH coi la "mdt budc rdt quan trong thdi ky mdi - thdi ky cdng nghiep hoa, hidn dai hod ddt nudc"'" dd "Idy viec phat triln ngudn luc ngudi ldm yeu td co ban cho su phdt triln nhanh vd ben viiug"*^' Ngay sau Dai hdi Idn thd VIII, tCr 16 din 24 - 12 - 1996, Ban Chap hdnh Trung uong Dang hpp Hdi nghi ldn thd ban ve giao due va ddo tao, khoa hpc va cdng nghd vdi quydt tdm tim dupc nhimg giai phap cd tinh each mang, huy ddng dupc sdc manh tdng hop ciia toan xa hdi dl ddu tu cho gido due va khoa hpc Hdi nghi ban hanh Nghi quyft sd 02-NQ/HNTW vl dinh hudng chien lupc phdt triln giao due - dao tao thdi k^' cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hoa vd nhiem vu den nam 2000, danh dd'u mdt mdc quan trpng ttong sir nghiep phdt trien gido due nudc nhd Nghi quye't da ddnh gia thuc trang gido due dao tao cua ca nudc, tim nguyen nhdn khach quan, chu quan Tir dd, Nghi quyd't xac dinh nhihig tu ludng chi dao ve phdt triln giao due vd dao tao: Mgt Id nhiem vu va muc tieu co ban ciia giao due - ddo tao, dd cd gido due phd thdng la nham xay dung nhimg ngudi phat tnIn loan didn; Hai Id phai thuc su coi gido due • dao tao la qudc sach hang ddu; Ba Id, gido due dao tao la siT nghidp ciia Dang, Nha nudc vd todn dan; Bdn Id, phat triln gido due - ddo tao gdn vdi nhu cdu phdt trien kinh t l - xa hdi, nhung tiln bd khoa hpc - cdng nghl va cung cd qudc phdng, an ninh; Ndm Id, thuc hidn cdng bang xa hdi giao due - dao tao; Sdu Id, giii vai trd ndng cdt cua cac trudng cdng lap di ddi vdi da dang hda cac loai hinh giao due - ddo tao trdn eo sd Nhd nudc thdng nhdt quan J Cilng vdi vide dl dinh hudng chiln lupc vd nhiem vu ca ban ciia gido due - ddo tao, Nghi quyft Trung ucmg (khda VIII) nhdn manh nhimg nhidm vu, muc tieu cu thl cua gido due - ddo tao, ttong dd cd giao due thdng nhiing nam 1996 2000 la: "Phat huy nhung thdnh tuu da dat dupc, khde phuc cac mat yeu kdm theo hudng: chdn chinh edng tac quan IJ, khdn truong lap lai ttat tu, ky cuong, kidn quylt ddy liii tidu cue; sdp xlp va ciing cd hd thdng gido due - dao tao va mang Wh trudng ldp; nang cao chdt lupng va hidu qua giao due phd thdng; phat trien quy md gido due - dao lao, chudn bi tiln dl cho nhirng budc phdt triln manh vao ddu thl ky XXI"*" Nhu vdy, nhidm vu va muc tieu phdt triln gido due ph6 thdng nhimg nam 1996 - 2000 dupc dinh hudng tdp trung vao 10 chii: "chSm chinh", "sdp xep", "cung cd", "nang cao", "phdt Iriln" va thuc hidn cdc muc tidu cu the din nam 2000 nhu sau: Phd cdp giao due bac tilu hpc dupc hpc dii mdn theo chucmg trinh quy dinh Thuc hidn tdt dilu day ciia Bac Hd Hid cap trung hpc CO s6 * Thac SI, Khoa Ly ludn chinh tri, TrtHmg Dai hoc Hdng hai cdc phd, dd thi, cdc viing kinh t l ttpng Viet Nam - Bang Cong sdn Viet Nam Vdn kiSn Hoi nghi ldn thii dilm va nhiing noi cd dilu kidn Ban Chap hdnh Trung lOmg khoa DC, Nxb CTQG, Hd Not 2002, tr 468 - Bdng Cong sdn Viit Nam Vdn kien Bdng thdi ky ddi mdi • Bang Cpng sdn Viet Nam, Van kien H^i nghi ldn thil2 (Bai hdi VI, VII, VIII, m Hi udn hoa, xd hoi, khoa hoc - ky Ban Chdp hdnh Trung UOng khoa VHI, Nxb CTQG Hi Ndi, thugt, gido due, ddo too Nxb CTQG, HdNoi, 2005, tr 471 1997 tr- 37 74 TAP CHl GIAO o g c LY LUAN - S 216 C2014) T^ih chung ci nudc cd khoang 60% tre em dp tudi 11-15 hpc trung hpc eo sd Md rdng va ndng eao ch^ lupng day ky thuft tdng hpp, hudng nghidp, ngoai ngii', tin hoc d trudng trung hpc Nang cao nang luc tu hpc vd thuc hdnh cho hpc sinh Thanh todn nan mu chO eho nhimg ngudi dd tudi 15 - 33, thu hep didn mCi chii d dp tudi khde, dac bidt chd y viing cao, viing sau, vCing xa, viing khd khan, de td't ea cde linh deu dat chudn qudc gia vl xda mil chii va phd cap tiiu hpc ttude budc vdo thl ky XXI Ddi vdi miln ndi, viing sau, viing khd khan, xda "dilm trdng" vl gido due d ban, dp Md them trudng dan tdc ndi trti vd ban trd d cum xa, cde huyen Be thac hien nh&ng muc tiiu va nhiem vu tren, Nghi guyH Trung uang kkoa VUI de bdn nhdm gidi phdp chu yeu sau: Thii nhdt, lang cudng cdc ngudn luc eho gido due phd thdng Day dupc coi la mdt nhiing bldn phap chinh tao dieu kien, co sd, nln tang de phdt triln gido due phd thdng Ddu tu cho giao due phd thdng Idy tii ngudn chi thudng xuydn va ngudn chi phdt triln ngan sdeh nha nudc, dd ngdn sdeh nhd nudc giii vai trd chii ylu Cdc ngudn thu ngoai ngan sdeh nha nude dupc huy ddng tich, cue bdng cac bidn phdp nhu: thu hpc phi; lap quy khuyen hpc; lap quy gido due qudc gia; phdt triln cdc trudng dan lap d ta't ca cdc bde hpc; sii dung vdn vay vd vifin irp ciia nude ngodi dl xdy dung eo sd vat chdt, trudng ldp Thu: hai, xdy dyng ddi ngii gido vian, tao ddng luc cho ngudi day, ngudi hpe Ddy Id mdt nhiing bidn phdp quan ttpng hang ddu vide dam bao vd ndng cao chdi lupng gido due Dl xay dung ddi ngu gido vien, trudc hft cdn ciing cd vd tdp trung ddu tu nang cdp cac ttudng su pham; xay dung mdt sd ttudng su pham ttpng dilm; khdng thu hpc phf va thuc hidn che dd uu dai ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vidn ngdnh su pham Ben canh dd, ddo tao gido vien phai gdn vdi dia chi vd cd chinh sdeh sir dung hpp 15' dl khde phuc nhanh chdng tinh trang thilu giao vien Thuc hidn ehuong ttinh bdi dudng thudng xuydn, bdi dudng chudn hda, nang cao phdm chdt va nang luc cho ddi ngu giao vien dl din nam 2000 cd it nha't 50% gido vien phd thdng dat chuan quy dinh Luong gido vien dupc xlp cao nhdt he thd'ng thang bac luong hdnh chinh su nghiep va cd them ehi dd phu cdp tiiy theo tinh chdt edng vific, theo viing cdng tdc TAP CHi GIAO DVC LY lUiWJ - S 216 (2014) Thti ba, tiep tuc ddi mdi ndi dung, phucmg phdp gido due va tang cudng co sd vft ehdt cdc trudng hpe Ddi mdi manh me phucmg phdp giao due, khae phuc ldi truyin thu mdt chilu, ren luydn nip tu sang tao; tCmg budc dp dung cdc phuong phap tien tien, phucmg tien hien dai va tang then gian tu hpc, tu nghidn cthi cho hpc sinh Ban hanh chudn qudc gia vl trudng hpc Tdt ca cde trudng phd thdng diu cd tii saeh, mu vidn va edc ttang bi t6i thieu dl thuc hien cdc thi nghiem chuong trinh, chsun dut tinh trang "day chay" Thii tu ddi radi cdng tac quan ly giao due Tang cudng cdng tdc du bao va kl hoaeh hda sU phdt trien giao due Nhanh chdng cai lien hinh thiic thi vd danh gia Sdm cd kft luan vl mdt sd chii truong nhu phan ban bac phd thdng ttung hpc Xir 1^ cac hidn tupng tidu cue nganh giao due Nhu vdy, Dai hdi Idn ihd Vin eua Dang, dae bidt la Nghi quylt Trung uong khda VIII da khdng dinh vai ttd "qudc sach hdng ddu" ciia gido due - ddo tao; chi phuong hudng, muc tidu, nhi|m vu, bien phdp dl gido due thdng Vift Nam phat trien vdi hudng di rd rdng, cu thl; nhdii manh ylu td ngudi va gido due phdt triln todn dien ngudi, nhdm giai quylt nhung vdn dl ndng t>6ng cua su nghidp gido due - dao tao ndi chung vd gido due phd thdng ndi rieng vira nhdm phuc vu cdng nghiep hda, hidn dai hda ddt nude, viia nhdm chudn bi hdnh ttang eho ddt nude budc vdo thl ky mdi Dinh hudng quan trpng dd da tao mdt ddng lire Idn dl huy ddng edc ngudn sdc manh ddu tu vao phat triln giao due phd thdng Cd thl khang dinh rdng, Nghi quyet Trung uong khda VIU da md mdt thdi k^* mdi cho su phdt trien ciia gido due nude ta ndi chung va gido due phd thdng ndi ridng, md ddu mdt giai doan cha'n nln gido due nude nha, lam ddy len mdt eao trao mdi cua truyin thdng hilu hpc, Idm cho mpi ngudi Viet Nam diu ydu thich hpc tdp, say me giang day Sau cd Nghi quylt Trung uong ngdy 10 - 01 - 1997, Bd Chinh tti da ban hanh Chi thi so 12-CT/TW chi dao viee quan trift vd td chdc thuc hien sau rdng Nghi quyet loan Dang, toan dan, trude het Id ttong cac cdp uy, ehinh quyin vd ddi ngii can bd, dang vien, gido vien Cdc ca'p uy vd chinh quyen tfir Trung uong tdi dia phuong diu sdm id chiic quan triet, xdy dung ehuong ttinh hanh ddng; thufmg xuyen ddn ddc, kilm tra dinh ky ddnh gid yiec trien khai chucmg trinh hanh ddng vd td chdc thuc hien 75 B/EN BAN GIAO BUC Chu truong phat triln giao due phd thdng nhdm tao su chuyen bien co ban, toan dien nhiing nam 2001 - 2006 Trai qua 15 nam thue hidn cdng cudc ddi mdi, kinh t l - xa hdi ciia nude ta dat nhieu tuu quan ttpng Tiep tuc quan triet quan diem gido due la "qudc sach hang ddu", Dai hpi IX ciia Dang (2001) khing dinh: "Phdt ttiln giao due ddo tao la mdt nhiing ddng luc quan ttpng thdc ddy su nghiep cdng n ^ d p hod, hien dai hod ddt nudc la dilu kidn co ban de phdt huy ngudn luc ngudi - yeu td ea ban de phat triln xa hdi, tang trudng kinh t l nhanh va bin vimg"''" Dac bift, Chidn lupc phat trien kinh t l - xa hdi 2001 - 2010 nhim manh yeu cdu: "edn phai tao chuyin biln co ban, loan dien vl phat trien gido due vd ddo tao" Chiln lupc cung khdng dinh muc tieu giao due de phat trien eon ngudi toan didn, tao ddng luc de phat triln kinh td - xa hdi: "Bdi dudng thl he tre tirih thdn ySu nudc, yeu que huong, gia dinh va tu tdn ddn idc, 1^ tudng xa hdi ehu nghia, Idng nhan di, f thuc tdn trpng phdp luat, tinh than hilu hpc Dao tao ldp ngudi lao ddng ed kiln thiic CO ban, lam chii ky nang nghl nghidp, cd ^ thdc vuon Idn vl khoa hpc vd cdng nghe mdi Xdy dung ddi ngu cdng nhan lanh nghl, cdc chuyen gia vd nhd khoa hpc, nhd van hod, nha kinh doanh, nha quan 1^ Chinh sach sir dung nhan tai phai tan dung mpi nang luc, phdt huy mpi tilm nang ciia cdc tdp the vd ed nhdn phue vu sir nghiep xay dung va bao ve ddt nudc"''' Di ddnh gid va kiem diem viec thue ludn Nghi quyet Trung uong khod VHI va cu the hon nhirng ndi dung vl phdt irien giao due ndi chung va gido due thdng ndi rieng da duac trinh bay Van kidn Dai hdi IX, ngdy - - 2002, Hdi nghi Idn llid Ban Chd'p hanh Trung uong hop va Ihdng qua Kei luan sd 14-KL/TW Ve tilp tue thue hien Nghi quye't Trung uong khda Vin, phuong hudng phdt trien giao due dao tao, khoa hoc va cdng nghe tir den nam 2005 va den nam 2010 Kel luan sd 14-KL/TW dl mdt so nhiem vu cu thl 5-10 nam t