NGHIEN cuu • I R A Q DO! Bao 1̂ 0 ky nan^ mcin • GIAI PHAP CAN THIET CHO SIHH UIEH DAI HOG • ThS TRAN TH! BICH UEN Khoa Kinh te& QTKD, trUifng Bgi hgc Efdng Thdp Trong thdi dgi phat trien kinh te xa h[.]
NGHIEN cuu •IRAQ DO! Bao 1^0 ky nan^ mcin • GIAI PHAP CAN THIET CHO SIHH UIEH DAI HOG • ThS TRAN TH! BICH UEN Khoa Kinh te& QTKD, trUifng Bgi hgc Efdng Thdp T rong thdi dgi phat trien kinh te xa hdi hien nay, sy cdng ciia mdi ngUdi khdng chi dypc danh gia bdi cdc bang cd^p chuydn mdn da dupe dao tgo hay sy hi^u bi^t ph6 thdng v^ cdng vide ma cdn phdi thifa nhdn sy ddng gdp ciia ky nang mim yong mdi ngiTdi Trong thyc te, ngydi thdnh dat clu cd 25% nhiihg kid'n thiic chuyen mdn hp dypc hgc, 75% cdn lgi dupe quye't dinh bdi cac ky nang mim hg dUpc Uang bi Ngydi ta thudng dd Idi cho sy bgi bdi cdc ye'u td'nhu thidn thdi, dia Idi, nhan hod, nhuiig yong chCfng miic nha't dinh chiing ta ciing cd th^ chdp nhan mdt sd' ye'u td' dd, nhUng chSc chdn r^ng nhijng ngUdi sd hQy vd vdn dung tdt ky nang mem se dl ddng khai thdc tridt d^ nhiing Idi the' ndu yen, tham chi cdn tif tao nhiihg Ipi t h i dd Thye te sinh vien dgi hpc ngdy dang thieu vd rdt yeu ky ndng mim, khdi lUdng hpc tap Uong chypng trinh dao tao thi ngng ve chuydn mdn Cac em thie'u ky nang giao tiep, chUa bidt cdch lam chu thdi gian, e nggi, sp set diJtig trydc dam ddng, dieu lam cho sinh vidn khdng phdt huy dypc ndng lyc vd tri tue cua minh thdm ehi cac em cdn bj nhdn xet la thie'u ky nang sd'ng Theo ke't qua khao sdt ciia Vien Ngien cuU Mdi tnidng va cdc van d l xa hdi da tien hdnh dieu ya vdi hdn 1.000 hgc sinh sinh vien yen loan qudc, cd ydn 95% chya nhdn thiJc diing dan ve ky ndng sdng, 77,7% chua bao gid dddc ddo tao, tap hua'n kid^n thiic ve ky ndng sdng va hau het cdc em liing tiing yd Idi cdc tinh hudng thydng gdp (Bdo Gido due vd Thdi dai ndm thi? 53, sd' 240, 01/02/2012) Da cd nhilu Hdi thao, Hdi nghi, bai vidt d l cdp de^n van de long ghep ngi dung giao due ky nang sdng vao tfifng mdn hpc d trUdng phd thdng, day la viec lam can thie't vd khdng It thdch thu'c ddi vdi nen giao due ndi chung, dieu dang quan tdm nha^t dd chinh la kinh nghiem va ky nang cua gido vidn bp mdn yong qua trinh long ghep Trong giai dogn hien nay, cac tnidng Cao d^ng, Dai hpc, Trung cap da vd dang tao nhiing mdn hgc, nhiing hoat ddng nham phdt trien ky ndng mem cho sinh vien, vide du'a ky ndng mem vdo qua trinh giao due va dao tgo d tnidng dgi hpc Id hudng di diing nham cdi thien hidu qua ciia qua trinh gido dye va dao tao phu hpp vd ddp ting vdi nhu cau cua xa hgi dang ddi hdi Cdc npi dung dao tgo ky ndng mim cho sinh vien Uong cac trUdng dai hpc hien dypc long ghep vao cac mdn Tdm ly hpc, gido dye hgc, boat dpng giao dye ngoai khoa, cac chypng trinh vui chdi ket ndi Doanh nghiep, cdu Igc bd tdi nang ye va rat nhieu cac boat ddng cu the khdc Tuy vay, van chUa cd mdn hpc cy the ddo tao ky nang mem cho sinh vidn, phan Idn hien cdc sinh vien bUdc chdn vao ngydng ciia dgi hpc cac em phai sdng xa gia dlnh, ngUdi than, cac em phai ty lap, ty iJng xiif va tii quyd't dinh nhieu viec, yong chae chdn se cd nhti'ng ling xii, nhiing quye't dinh sai lam anh hddng ddn qua trinh hpc tap ciia ban thdn Cac em can phai dypc hgc mdn hgc "PhUdng phdp phdt trien ky ndng m i m " de cdc em tU tin hdn, bdn ITnh đ NGHIEN ClJU ã TRAO {)0I hdn doi mat vdi cac tinh huong, nhiing va chgm yong cudc sdng, de cac em lya chpn cho minh each iing xu" khdn kheo, linh boat Bdn canh dd, dy dn danh cho sinh vien "Dy an chuyin giao kinh nghidm vd phUdng phap ldm vide hidu qua Doanh nghiep" cung da dypc trien khai tgi mdt sd tnidng dai hpc, sinh vien tham gia cdc khoa hpc dUdc giao lUu, tidp xuc vdi eac Doanh nhdn dat, dypc hg chia se nhidt tinh nhiing kinh nghiem va phUdng phdp lam vide md khdng phai cung co difdc TCf nhCiiig hogt ddng bd ich do, dan dan cdc em sinh vien hinh thdnh tu va ty ren luyen de phat trien phUdng phap ky nang mim, cac phUdng phdp ndy giup cho sinh vien hieu, van dung difdc nhfliig kid'n thiic, ky nang cd ban nhdt v l ky nang mem cung vdi qua trinh ty hgc, ty bdi dtfdng cac em se cd nhiilig ky nang mem can thiet nhdt yong hpe Idp vd yong cudc sd'ng Song song vdi cac mdn hgc khae chypng trinh dao tao co nhiem vu cung cdp kien thiic, ky nang va thai cua sinh vien ddi vdi chuyen ngdnh dao tao, thi nhiing mdn hpc Ky nang mim va cac boat ddng bo trd phat trien ky nang mem se giup sinh vidn bie't each hinh va phat trien nhifng ky nang m i m can thie't qua trinh hgc tap cung nhU cudc sd'ng, nhi?ng ky nang m i m se la nhip cau giiip sinh vien bie'n kid'n thiic thdnh thai dp, hanh vi vd thdi quen tich ctfc, ldnh manh M$t so'giai phap dao tao ky nang m i m cho sinh vidn dai hpc hien nay: - Chypng trinh dao tgo can cd mpt sd mdn hpc ddo tao ky ndng mem nhU dao tao cac ky nang thuyet yinh, ky nang sdng, ky nang quan Iy thdi gian, ky nang giao tiep, - Can cd sydao tao long ghep giiia kien thiic chuyen mdn cd ban vdi ky nang nghe nghiep - Cho sinh vien tham gia nhilu cac chypng trinh ngogi khod thyc tap, giao lun vdi cac cau lac bg nghi nghiep de sinh vien dypc tiep can Hir^nStinhimilUCSCONCSCHE hpc hdi thyc te nhiing Iden thiic ma tai nha tnidng chya dap litig dypc - Nha tnidng can mdi nhilu chuyen gia cac linh vyc dang dao tao de ndi chuyen, giao liTu, chia se vdi sinh vien, truyen Ife va chia se kinh nghiem thyc tidn ma hg da tttng tiai nghidm, nhOhg ky nang mem can thiet phai cd cho cac em tdt nghiep dai hpc - Cac tnidng dai hpc can hpp tac todn didn vdi cdc doanh nghiep, cac nha chuyen mdn, cdc cd quan, cdc hgi nghe nghiep ve van de cho sinh vidn di thyc tap nghe nghiep vao nhffng nam thiJ 3,4 - Nha tnfdng can cd nhilu kdnh thdng tin tCf phia doanh nghiep, hoac to chiic nhilu cudc hdi thao de nam bat cac nhu cau, tieu chuan tuydn dung ngydi lao ddng, tCfdo dieu chxnh chypng trinh dao tgo, long ghep cac ky nang mim, kien thiic mdi cho phii hpp vdi thyc tidn L ^ ich xa hOi tvf ket qua dao tao ngu6n nhdn li/c cd kien thiic ky nang mem tot: Dd'i vdi sinh vien: Cdc em rat ty tin, ban Hnh sau hoan thdnh chUdng tiinh hpc tap sau 04 nam dai hgc cua minh, cac em cd the la nhuiig ling vien ma cdc doanh nghiep dang can tii liic cac em dang thyc t$p d nam thii 3,4 Ngoai ra, vdi cac kien thdc ky ndng mim ma cac em da dypc dao tao, trai nghidm cdc em se hinh nhiing thdi quen ldnh manh, tU quan ly ban than minh, va hdn he't cdc em chinh la ngudn lyc tao cd hpi cho syphdt trien xd hdi Doi vdi nhd trudng: Cha't lypng dao tao dUdc ddnh gia qua kdt qud cua vide lam sinh vien sau tnidng da di/dc xa hpi chap nhdn nhy the nao, tii dd nang cao vi die va thydng hieu cua nha yydng Nhd tnrdng cdng khdng ngufng ndng cao chat lypng giang day vd dao tgo, hpp tac, lien ket, chia se vdi cdng ddng (Xem tiSp trang 91 NGHIEN CQU* IRAQ 001 Dau tidn, tin hidu huj'nh quang tri d mdc dp nin (background) vd vide tdng tin hieu huynh quang la khdng the phat bien dypc cho dii san pham tich luy theo hdm mu Sau do, san pham khuech dai tich luy du de dat tdi mpt hieu suat cho phep phdt hidn dypc tin hieu buj-nb quang Sdchu ky de dat dit6c hieu suat ndy gpi Id chu k^ ngiidng (tiireshold cycle, CT) Do gia tii CT dypc tiong pha hdm mu cdc tdc nhan phan diig khdng hi ban chd, nen real-time qPCR cd the d\i(ic sii dyng de tinh toan chinh xdc va tin cay sd Idpng khdi dau ciia khudn mdu hien didn yong phdn Ong CT dypc xdc dinh chu yeu bdi sd Iddng cua khudn mdu hien didn d liic bat diu phdn ling khuech dgi Khi lypng khudn mdu nhieu thi chi cIn mdt vai chu ky khud'ch dai de tich liiy san pham du eho mdt tin hidu huynh quang d trdn background Vi vdy, phdn dng se cd CT thap hdn hoac sdm Ngypc lai, neu lUdng khudn mau luc b^t dau phan ling qud it, tbi sd chu ky khud'ch dai cIn nhilu hdn de tin hidu huynh quang tang trdn background Vi vdy, phan ling se cd CT cao hoac mudn Cdc dang quan he ndy Id cd sd cho hudng dinh lypng ciia real time RT-PCR Vide ling dung cdng nghd sinh hpc phan tii chan doan benh tten vdt nudi la mdt bydc tien Tuy nhidn, de trien khai thyc hidn can phai cd kd hogch kinh phi dau ni trang thiet hi cao va ddi hdi ngUdi thUc hidn xet nghiem phai dUdc ddo tao vd day cflng dupe xem Id khd khan ttong vide trien khai ling dung Ddo tao ky ndng mem (Tiep theo Irang 2} xa hOi vd Id cau ndi giiia mdt bdn Id cau nhdn lyc vd mdt ben la ngudn cung nhdn lyc vdi chat lypng cao Dd'i vdi cdc ddn vi sd dyng ngudn nhdn lyc (doanh nghidp, cdc cd quan qudn ly nhd nddc) Vide chpn lya dypc ngudn nhdn lyc ddp ling vl chuydn mdn, se gidm rat nhieu chi phi cho vide dao tgo lai, ngoai cdc nhan vidn cd nhieu ky ndng chuydn mdn, ky ndng giao tidp, li^g xd, xii ly tinh hudng linh hoat se giup eho doanh nghiep lam viec hidu qud hdn, cdng vide ydi chay hdn va mang lgi nhilu Idi ich va thdnh cdng eho doanh nghiep Tdm lai, vide trang bi ky nang mem cho sinh vidn Id dieu tat ydu vd can thie't, dd la hdnh trang cho cdc em sau tdt nghidp dai hpc De cd dypc nhiing ky ndng m i m cIn thid't ddi hdi sinh vidn phai tich cyc, chu ddng hdn qud trinh hpc tdp cung nhu tham gia cdc hoat dpng ngogi khod nha trUdng td chiic, trang bi ky ndng mem cho sinh vien khdng la cdng viec cua ridng mdt cd nhan hay mdt to chiic nao ma Id sy ket hpp hdi hod giu'a nhd trydng, giang vidn, sinh vidn vd xd hdi Ngudn nhan luc chat lypng cao chinh la ket qua ciia viec ddo tao chuydn mdn dd dypc ket hpp dao tao ky ndng mim, ngudn lyc ludn ddng vai trd tien quye't cho sii phdt trien kinh te va xa hdi tao sy thinh vUdng vd phdn vinh cho nydc nhd ... vide trang bi ky nang mem cho sinh vidn Id dieu tat ydu vd can thie''t, dd la hdnh trang cho cdc em sau tdt nghidp dai hpc De cd dypc nhiing ky ndng m i m cIn thid''t ddi hdi sinh vidn phai tich cyc,... nhCiiig hogt ddng bd ich do, dan dan cdc em sinh vien hinh thdnh tu va ty ren luyen de phat trien phUdng phap ky nang mim, cac phUdng phdp ndy giup cho sinh vien hieu, van dung difdc nhfliig kid''n... nang m i m se la nhip cau giiip sinh vien bie''n kid''n thiic thdnh thai dp, hanh vi vd thdi quen tich ctfc, ldnh manh M$t so''giai phap dao tao ky nang m i m cho sinh vidn dai hpc hien nay: - Chypng