Bài tập Danh động từ, Hiện tại phân từ, Danh động từ hoàn thành và Phân từ hoàn thành có đáp án A Danh động từ, Hiện tại phân từ, Danh động từ hoàn thành và Phân từ hoàn thành I Danh động từ Gerund 1[.]
Bài tập Danh động từ, Hiện phân từ, Danh động từ hồn thành Phân từ hồn thành có đáp án A Danh động từ, Hiện phân từ, Danh động từ hoàn thành Phân từ hoàn thành I Danh động từ - Gerund Cấu tạo: V-ing Cách dùng: Danh động từ (gerund) hình thức động từ thêm -ing dùng danh từ Danh động từ dùng làm a chủ ngữ câu (subject of a sentence) Ex: Smoking is bad for your health (Hút thuốc không tốt cho sức khỏe) Going to the cinema is fun (Đi xem chiếu phim thật thích) Behaving like that is not good (Cư xử khơng tốt.) Cách dùng tương đương với cấu trúc IT IS + ADJ + TO INFINITIVE Going to the cinema is fun = It is fun to go to the cinema Behaving like that is not good = It is not good to behave like that b bổ ngữ động từ (complement of a verb) Danh động từ làm bổ ngữ thường dùng sau động từ is, mean, look, seem, Ex: My favorite activity is reading (Hoạt động u thích tơi đọc sách.) c tân ngữ động từ (object of a verb) Ex: I enjoy travelling (Tơi thích du lịch) d bổ ngữ tân ngữ (object complement) Ex: I dislike people telling me what to think (Tơi khơng thích người khác bảo tơi phải nghĩ gì) e tân ngữ giới từ (preposition object) Ex: I’m looking forward to hearing from you (Tôi mong nhận tin anh) [NOT ….to hear from you] f danh động từ dùng sau số danh từ tính từ Giới từ thường dùng để kết nối danh từ/ tính từ với danh động từ Ex: The thought of falling never enter his head (Anh chưa nghĩ đến thất bại) I’m tired of listening to this (Tôi chán nghe chuyện này) Sau số danh từ tính từ, ta dùng danh động từ động từ nguyên mẫu có to Ex: We have a good chance of making/ to make a profit (Chúng ta có may kiếm lợi nhuận) I’m proud of having won/ to have won (Tôi hãnh diện chiến thắng.) g Danh động từ dùng sau danh từ đại từ bất định (something, anything, anyone…) để giải thích mục đích sử dụng chất liệu vật Ex: A strimmer is a machine for cutting grass and weeds (Máy cắt cỏ loại máy dùng để cắt cỏ cỏ dại) I need something for killing flies (Tơi cần thứ để diệt ruồi.) h danh từ ghép Ex: a diving board (ván nhún bể bơi) (Lưu ý: giống danh từ khác , danh động từ (gerund) hay cụm danh động từ (gerund phrase) dùng với mạo từ a/the, đại từ định this/that, a lot of, some, đại từ sở hữu my/ his … tính từ Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding of natural resources Do you mind my making a suggestion? I did some/ a lot of/ a little shopping this morning I appreciate your helping me Your quick thinking saved us all II Hiện phân từ - Present participle Cấu tạo: V-ing Cách dùng: Present participle thành lập cách thêm -ing vào động từ nguyên mẫu (Ving) Present participle dùng" a để thành lập tiếp diễn Ex: When we arrived they were having diner (Khi đến họ ăn tối.) I t was raining when I got home (Trời mưa đến nhà.) b tính từ Ex: I love the noise falling rain (Tơi thích tiếng mưa rơi) His idea seems exciting (ý kiến anh thú vị đấy.) He’s the most boring man I’ve ever known c trạng từ Ex: She ran screaming out of the room (Cơ ta vừa la vừa chạy khỏi phịng) d sau have + tân ngữ Ex: I won’t have him cleaning his bike in the kitchen (Tôi không rửa xe đạp bếp.) [= I won’t/ don’t allow him to clean his bike in the kitchen.] e để thay đại từ quan hệ + động từ Ex: A lorry carrying concrete pipes has overturned this morning (= A lorry which was carrying concrete…) (Sáng xe tải chở ống bê tông bị lật.) Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome (= Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome) (Bất muốn hoan nghênh.) f sau động từ tri giác see, hear, feel, smell… Ex: I see him passing my house every day (Ngày thấy ngang qua nhà tôi) I saw her crossing the street (Tôi thấy cô bang qua đường) g sau catch, find, leave + tân ngữ Ex: I caught them stealing my apples (Tôi bắt gặp chúng trộm táo tôi) h sau go, come, spend, waste, be busy Ex: James is busy practicing for the school concert (James bận tập luyện cho buổi hòa nhạc trường.) i để thay chủ từ + động từ dạng chủ động - Khi hai hành động chủ từ xảy đồng thời hai hành động diễn đạt phân từ Phân từ đứng trước sau động từ chia Ex: He rode away He whistled as he went = He rode away whistling (Anh ta vừa đạp xe vừa huýt sáo) He holds the rope with one hand and stretches out the other to the boy in the water = Holding the rope with one hand and stretches out the other to the boy in the water (Một tay nắm sợi dây thừng, tay với tới cậu bé mước.) -Khi hai hành động chủ từ xảy liên tiếp hành động xảy trước thường diễn đạt phân từ Hiện phân từ phải đặt đầu câu Ex: We take off our shoes and creep cautiously along the passage = Taking off our shoes and creep cautiously along the passage (Chúng cởi giày cẩn thận trườn dọc lối đi.) I was walking in the park the other day and I saw a bird building a nest = Walking in the park the other day and I saw a bird building a nest The girl was lying in bed She was thinking of her childhood = Lying in bed, the girl was thinking of her childhood Nhưng hành động thứ hai kết phần hành động đầu tiên, diễn đạt hành động thứ hai phân từ (phân từ khơng nhứt thiết phải có chủ ngữ với hành động thứ nhất) Ex: He fired, wounding one of the bandits (Anh ta nổ súng, làm bị thương tên cướp) The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground (Máy bay rơi, bom nổ tung máy bay chạm đất) j Hiện phân từ dùng để thay cấu trúc as/ since/ because + chủ từ + động từ Ex: Knowing that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey he took large supplies with him (= As he knew….) (Biết không mua thực phẩm đường đi, mang theo lượng lớn thực phẩm.) k Hiện phân từ dùng sau số liên từ giới từ, chẳng hạn after, before, since, when, while, whenever, once, until, on, without, instead of, in spite of as Ex: She’s been quite different since coming back from America (Cô ta trở nên khác hẳn từ trở từ Mỹ) After having finished my homework, I watched TV (= After I had finished …) Present Participle khơng có nghĩa dùng để diễn đạt Trên thực tế, present participle dùng để diễn đạt khứ, tương lai III Danh động từ hoàn thành & Phân từ hoàn thành - Perfect gerund and Perfect participle Perfect gerund (Danh động từ hoàn thành) Danh động từ hoàn thành thành lập having + past participle Danh động từ hồn thành dùng thay cho hình thức danh động từ đề cập đến hành động khứ Ex: He was accused of deserting his ship/ He was accused of having deserted his ship (Ông ta bị cáo buộc rời bỏ tàu) She apologized for not having finished the project Lưu ý: Perfect gerund giữ chức danh động từ cụm danh từ Danh động từ hoàn thành thường dùng sau deny Ex: He denied having been there (Anh ta phủ nhận có mặt đấy.) Perfect participle (Phân từ hoàn thành) Phân từ hoàn thành thành lập having + past participle Phân từ hồn thành dùng thay cho phân từ câu có hai hành động ngắn xảy liên tiếp chủ từ (hành động mệnh đề phân từ hoàn tất trước hành động mệnh đề bắt đầu) hay nói cách khác hành động xảy trước hành động khác nhấn mạnh hoàn thành hành động, dùng perfect participle cho hành động Ex: Having tied/ Tying one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window (Cột đầu dây thừng vào giường, ném đầu lại qua cửa sổ) Having taken off/ Taking off his shoes, Ray walked into the house (Cởi giày ra, Ray vào nhà.) Finishing my homework, I went to bed: Sau làm xong tập ngủ Having finished my homework, I went to bed: Sau làm xong tập ngủ Câu thứ hai nhấn mạnh việc ngủ xảy sau làm xong tập I approve of helping the poor Tôi đồng ý với việc giúp đỡ người nghèo I approve of having helped the poor Tôi đồng ý với việc (chúng ta/ bạn) giúp đỡ người nghèo Câu thứ hai diễn tả ý giúp đỡ người nghèo xảy (Tuy nhiên thường dùng phân từ hoàn thành - hành động mệnh đề kết kiện mệnh đề phân từ Ex: Having broken her leg the last time she went, Brenda decided not to go on the school skiing trip this year (Bị gãy chân chuyến trượt tuyết lần trước, Brenda định không tham gia chuyến trượt tuyết năm trường.) or [ After breaking her leg…; NOT Breaking her leg…] (Lưu ý: dùng After v-ing thay cho have + participle cấu trúc Ex: Having broken her leg the last time she went = After breaking her leg … - hành động kéo dài khoảng thời gian Ex: Having repaired the car, Tom took it out for a road test (Sửa xe xong, Tom đánh xe đường chạy thử.) [NOT Repairing the car…] - việc dùng phân từ gây nhầm lẫn Ex: Reading the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher (Đọc dẫn, chụp lấy bình chữa cháy.) → làm cho người đọc hiểu hai hành động xảy đồng thời Trường hợp , nên dùng phân từ hoàn thành Ex: Having read the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher (Đọc xong dẫn, chụp lấy bình chữa cháy.) - Nếu hành động xảy gần lúc (ranh giới thời gian khơng rõ rệt), thay dùng Perfect gerund dùng Present participle cho hành động Ex: Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door B Bài tập present participle and past participle có đáp án Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable option to complete the sentence ….…… only three hours, I can hardly focus on my work a Having slept b was slept c slept d sleeping ….…… up late is harmful for skin a Staying b to stay c stayed d have stayed ….…… from so much trouble in the life makes her more and more mature than before a Suffering b was suffered c has suffered d suffered ….…… this movie last week, I still wanted to see it again a Having seen b had seen c was seen d seeing Mary is the cleverest person in the classroom She is always the first person ……… the question a To answer b answering c has answered d answered Her boss caught him ……… privately in the working time, so he was fired a Speaking b spoken c to speak d was speaking After (A) complete (B) the plan, we had a vacation in (D) Hawaii This (A) is the most (B) embarrassed (C) problem that I have ever (D) seen Having (A) lived (B) in city for (C) ten years, she is used to stay (D) up late 10 Dan appears ……… some weight Has he been ill? a Having lost b having been lost c to have lost d to have been lost 11 Are you sure you told me? I don’t recall ……… about it a Having told b having been told c to have told d to have been told 12 Tome made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn’t fire him He is happy about ……… a second chance A Giving B having been given C to have been given D to give 13 When I called them, they didn’t answer They pretended ……… already A To sleep B sleeping C having slept D to have been sleeping 14 ….…… the bottles, Mike poured the drinks for everyone A To open B to have opened C being opened D having opened 15 The painting was beautiful I stood there ……… it for a long time A To admiring B admiring C admire D having admired 16 A plane with an engine on fire approached the runway …… was frightening There could have been a terrible accident A Watch it landing B watching it land C To watch it to land D watching to land it 17 I’ve just heard that there’s been a major accident that has all of the traffic tied up If we want to get to the play on time, we’d better avoid ……… the high way A Having taken B take C to take D taking 18 Did you ever finish ……… the office for that new client of yours? A To design B designing C designed D having designed 19 Mr Lee was upset by ……… the truth A Not having been told B us not to tell him C He hadn’t been told D being not told 20 ……… in restaurant as often as they is very expensive A Being eaten B having eaten C having been eating D eating 21 Jack made me ……… him next week A To promise to call B to promise calling C promise to call D promise calling 22 ……… all the papers already, Sarah put them back in the file A To have photocopied B to photocopy C Photocopying D having photocopied 23 Our mechanic says that he expects ……… the brakes on our car before we pick it up A Fixing B being fixed C to have fixed D to have been fixed 24.George mentioned ……… in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details A Having injured B having been injured C To have injured D to have been injured 25 although we felt cold, we kept walking A Despite feeling cold, we kept walking B however we felt cold, we kept walking C Felt cold, but we kept walking D we kept walking even though feeling cold 26 It is good exercise to walk a mile a day A For walking a mile a day is good exercise B Good exercise is for walk a mile a day C In order to walk a mile a day is good exercise D Walking a mile a day is good exercise 27 The man jumped out of the boat He was bitten by a shark A Bitten by a shark, the man jumping out of the boat B After jumping out of the boat, the man was bitten by a shark C After bitten, the shark jumping out of the boat D After jumping out of a boat, the shark bit the man 28 After Louie had written his composition, he handed it to his teacher A Handed the composition to his teacher, Louie wrote it B Having written his composition, Louie handed it to his teacher C Writing the composition Louie handed it to his teacher D Handing the composition, Louie had written his composition 29 while the director was guiding us through the museum, he gave us a special explanation A Guiding us through the museum, a special explanation was given by the director B Guided us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation C A special explanation was given to us while guiding us through the museum D Guiding us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation Đáp án: - A; - A; 3- A; - A; 5- A; 6-A - B; - C; - D; 10 - C; 11 - B; 12 - B 13 - D; 14 - D; 15 - B; 16 - B; 17 - D; 18 - D 19 - A; 20 - D; 21 - C; 22 - D; 23 - C; 24 - B 25 - A; 26 - D; 27 - B; 28 - B; 29 - D Exercise For question 1-10, fill in the verbs in brackets as participles (Present participle or past participle) into the gaps Ex: I talked to the man ……… the newspaper (to read) → I talked to the man reading the newspaper He saw his friend ………… out with Sue (to go) The bus crashed into the blue car ……… down the hill (to drive) Peter hurt his leg ……… karate (to do) The umbrella ……… at the bus stop belongs to John Smith (to find) The people ………… in the street are all very friendly (to dance) I heard my mother ……… on the phone (to talk) My uncle always has his car ………… (to wash) We stood ……… for the taxi (to wait) ….……… down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets (to look) 10 The people drove off in a ………… car (to steal) Đáp án: going driving doing found dancing talking washed waiting looking 10 stolen Exercise Rewrite each of the following sentences with present participle or perfect participle Christopher apologized He’d forgotten to pay → _ When Tom had repaired the car, he took it out for a road test → _ The porter just stood there He expected a tip → _ Because he was the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite → _ Mitchell picked up the phone and dialed a number → _ He left the phone ring for minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver → _ After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted → _ We saw Rupert He was looking into a shop window → _ Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn’t afford a new jacket → _ 10 He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase → _ Đáp án: Christopher apologized for having forgotten to pay Having repaired the car, he took it out for a road test The porter just stood there expecting a tip Being the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite Picking up the phone, Mitchel dialed a number Having left the phone ring for minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver Having worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted We saw Rupert looking into a shop window Having spent all his money, Daniel couldn’t afford a new jacket 10 Taking out a gun he put it in his briefcase Exercise 4: Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentences; substitutes the underlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one They all denied ……… her A To see B of seeing C having ever seen D ever having seen Up to two thirds of 14 to 16 years old admit ………… drink illegally A To buying B for buying C having bought D buying In addition to …………, I the washing up A I prepare dinner B I am preparing dinner C Prepare dinner D preparing dinner Tom was accused ……… some top secret document A To steal B of having stolen C for stealing D to have stolen No one can prevent us ……… good things A To B from doing C of doing D in order to As a teacher and a leader, she wanted us ……… effectively A Have known how to learn B knowing how to learn C To know how to learn D to know of learning learn But after ……… it over, I decided to laugh at myself and just join anyway A Having thought B I have thought C thought D to have thought They did not want us to feel inhibited ……… together A From asking questions or enjoying our time B Of asking questions or enjoying our time C Having asked questions or enjoying our time D As asking questions or enjoying our time Mary said, “ I regret ……… him earlier in my life.” A To meet B not having met C to have met D at meeting 10 After ……… it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided A To complete and sign B you are completing and signing C Completing and sign D completing and signing 11 Martin denied ……… the accused man on the day of the crime A To see B of having seen C to have seen D having seen 12 She often thinks carefully ……… any question A Before answering B before having answered C By answering D having answering 13 He never admits ……… wrong A To being B of being C to be D to have been 14 ….…… from the horseback, he was taken to hospital and had an operation A When falling B as he was fallen C after having fallen D to fall 15 I regret ……… at his side during his illness last winter A Was not B have not been C not being D not to be 16 I tried ……… the window, but it seemed ……… A Having opened/ not working B opening/ not to work C Having opened/ did not work D opening/ was not working 17 She must ……… for me after realizing I’d gone missing A Having looked B to have look C look D have looked 18 We are talking ……… Canada for our vacation next month A About having gone B.going C about going D to go 19 Sue is in charge ……… the meeting A To organize B to have organize C of organizing D for having organized 20 I am interested ……… the new course next week A In learning B in having learnt C to learn D on having learnt 21 I suppose you also deny ……… with Nicole Auger in your office yesterday afternoon A Meeting B of having met C to have met D having met 22 ….… , he went into his office to fill in the daily time sheet A Before leaving B before he had left C before having left D when he is leaving 23 I am used to ……… with the window open A Sleep B Sleeping C having slept D slept 24 I look forward to ……… home next month A Go B have gone C going D having gone 25 They object ……… their plans at this late date A To change B to have changed C to changing D of changing 26 You had better ……… here A Taking advantage of having lived B To take advantage for living C Having taken advantage to live D Take advantage of living 27 ….…… some bad news from her family, she collapsed A When heard B when she has heard C to heard D on hearing 28 Listen! I hear someone ……… the gate It ……… Peter because he is at work at present A To open/ mustn’t be B open/ shouldn’t be C.Opening/ can’t be D opened/ couldn’t be 29 If at any point you feel yourself ……… tense, make a conscious effort ……… A Become/ relaxing B becoming/ to relax C To become/ relax D having become/ for relaxing 30 Excuse me …… late I got stuck in a traffic jam for more than one hour A To being B for being C being D having been Đáp án: - A; - A; - C; - B; - B; - B; - A - A; - B; 10 - C; 11 - D; 12 - A; 13 - A 14 - C; 15 - C; 16 - B; 17 - D; 18 - C; 19 - C 20 - A; 21 - D; 22 - A; 23 - B; 24 - C; 25 - C 26 - D; 27 - D; 28 - C; 29 - b; 30 - B Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds Nam won a scholarship We are excited about that fact → Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw → The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain → Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels run out → Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach She was strongly criticised for that → In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard They were praised for that → After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a lot of money on her electricity bills → Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job He regretted it → Đáp án: We are excited about Nam’s winning a scholarship When I enter the room, I was surprised at what I saw The rain prevented the volunteers from mowing the old lady's lawns Having become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels runs out Tonya was strongly criticised for having dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach The students in Group 11G were praised for having planted the most trees in the schoolyard in the Tree Planting Competition Having replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she saved a lot of money on her electricity bills 8.Sam regretted not having worked hard enough in his previous job ... Danh động từ hoàn thành & Phân từ hoàn thành - Perfect gerund and Perfect participle Perfect gerund (Danh động từ hoàn thành) Danh động từ hoàn thành thành lập having + past participle Danh động. .. chức danh động từ cụm danh từ Danh động từ hoàn thành thường dùng sau deny Ex: He denied having been there (Anh ta phủ nhận có mặt đấy.) Perfect participle (Phân từ hoàn thành) Phân từ hoàn thành. .. (James bận tập luyện cho buổi hòa nhạc trường.) i để thay chủ từ + động từ dạng chủ động - Khi hai hành động chủ từ xảy đồng thời hai hành động diễn đạt phân từ Phân từ đứng trước sau động từ chia